自是两种，故曰一名橘皮，是元无柚字也。岂有两等之物，而治疗无一字别者，即
知柚字为误。后人不深求其意，为柚字所惑，妄生分别，亦以过矣。且青橘与黄橘，治疗尚
别，矧柚为别种也。郭璞云∶柚似橙而大于橘”，此即是识橘柚者也。今若不如此言之，恐
后世亦以柚皮为橘皮，是贻无穷之患矣。去古既远，后之贤者，亦可以意逆之耳。橘惟用皮
与核。皮，天下甚所须也。仍汤浸去穣。余如经与《注》。核、皮二者须自收为佳。有人患
气嗽将期，或教以橘皮、生姜焙干、神曲等分为末，丸桐子大，食后、夜卧，米饮服三五
十丸。兼旧患膀胱，缘服此偕愈。然亦取其陈皮入药，此六陈中一陈也。肾疰腰痛、膀胱气
痛，微炒核，去壳为末，酒调服，愈。
今人多作橘皮售于人，不可不择也。柑皮不甚苦，橘皮极苦，至熟亦苦。若以皮紧
慢分别橘与柑，又缘方宜各不同，亦互有紧慢者。脾肾冷人，食其肉多致脏寒或泄痢。
今人只以为果，或取皮合汤待宾，未见入药。宿酒未醒，食之速醒。
食梅则津液泄，水生木也。津液泄，故伤齿。肾属水，外为齿，故也。王叔和曰∶膀
胱、肾，合为津府。此语虽鄙，然理存焉。熏之为乌梅，曝干藏密器中为白梅。
江东西、湖南北、二川皆有之。以其形如琵琶，故名之。治肺热嗽有功。花白，最
先春也。子大如弹丸，四五月熟，色若黄杏，微有毛，肉薄，性亦平，与叶不同。有妇人患
肺热久嗽，身如炙，肌瘦，将成肺痨，以枇杷叶、木通、款冬花、紫菀、杏仁、桑白皮各等
分，大黄减半，各如常制，治讫，同为末，蜜丸如樱桃大。食后、夜卧各含化一丸，未终剂
而愈。
从此以后，橘和柚就成了两种不同的植物，所以说“橘皮”一名中原本就没有“柚”字。难道有两种不同的事物，而治疗方法却没有任何区别吗？由此可知，“柚”字是误用。后人不深入探究其本意，被“柚”字所迷惑，妄自区分，这也是过错。况且青橘与黄橘在治疗上尚有区别，何况柚是另一种物种呢。郭璞说：“柚像橙子但比橘子大”，这就是能识别橘和柚的人。现在如果不这样说明，恐怕后世也会把柚皮当作橘皮使用，这将留下无穷的隐患。距离古代已经很久远了，后来的贤者也可以凭心意去推究其中的道理。橘只使用皮和核。橘皮，天下都非常需要。使用时仍需用汤水浸泡去除瓤络。其余按照经典和《注》中的方法处理。橘核和橘皮最好自己采集保存为佳。有人患气嗽病将近一年，有人教他用橘皮、生姜焙干、神曲按等比例研成细末，做成梧桐子大小的药丸，饭后、睡前，用米汤送服三五十丸。同时他旧有的膀胱疾病，也因服用此药而痊愈。然而这也取用了陈皮入药，这是“六陈”药材中的一种。肾疰腰痛、膀胱气痛，将橘核微炒后，去掉壳研成粉末，用酒调服，即可痊愈。
现在的人多把柑皮当作橘皮出售，不能不仔细辨别。柑皮不太苦，橘皮极苦，即使成熟了也是苦的。如果通过皮的紧实或松弛来区分橘和柑，又因为各地风俗习惯不同，两者也有互有紧慢的情况。脾肾寒冷的人，多吃橘肉容易导致脏腑受寒或发生泄泻痢疾。
现在的人只把它当作水果，或者取皮煮汤招待宾客，很少见到入药使用。宿醉未醒时，吃它可以快速解酒。
吃梅子会导致津液分泌，这是因为水生木（肾水生肝木）。津液外泄，所以会损伤牙齿。肾属水，外在表现为牙齿，就是这个道理。王叔和说：“膀胱和肾，合称为津液之府。”这句话虽然粗浅，但其中蕴含的道理是存在的。将梅子熏制成为乌梅，晒干后存放在密封容器中成为白梅。
江东、江西、湖南、湖北、四川等地都有出产。因为其形状像琵琶，所以得名。它能治疗肺热咳嗽，功效显著。花是白色的，是最先于春天开放的花。果实大如弹丸，四五月成熟，颜色像黄杏，表面微有绒毛，果肉薄，药性平和，与叶子的药性不同。有一位妇女患有肺热久咳，身体发热如火烤，肌肉消瘦，快要发展成肺痨（肺结核），用枇杷叶、木通、款冬花、紫菀、杏仁、桑白皮各等分，大黄减半，各自按照常规方法炮制处理后，共同研成细末，用蜂蜜制成樱桃大小的药丸。饭后、睡前各含化一丸，尚未用完药剂就痊愈了。
Since then, they have become two distinct species; hence the term "Ju Pi" (Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae) originally did not contain the character for "You" (Pomelo). How could there be two different substances with identical therapeutic applications? This indicates that the character "You" is an error. Later generations, failing to investigate its true meaning, were confused by the character "You," leading to arbitrary distinctions, which is also a mistake. Moreover, even Green Ju (Citrus reticulata 'Chachi') and Yellow Ju differ in treatment; how much more so since You is a separate species. Guo Pu stated: "You resembles orange but is larger than ju." This demonstrates an understanding of the distinction between Ju and You. If this is not clarified now, future generations may mistakenly treat You Pi (Exocarpium Citri Grandis) as Ju Pi, causing endless trouble. Since ancient times are long past, later scholars can infer the truth through reasoning. For Ju, only the peel and seed are used. The peel is highly demanded worldwide. It should still be soaked in water to remove the albedo (pith). Other processing methods follow the classics and annotations. Collecting and storing the seeds and peels oneself is preferable. A person suffering from Qi cough for nearly a year was instructed to take roasted Ju Pi (Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae), roasted Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens), and Shen Qu (Massa Medicata Fermentata) in equal parts, ground into powder, and formed into pills the size of paulownia seeds. Taken after meals and before bed with rice broth, 30-50 pills per dose. His chronic bladder condition also healed concurrently. However, this efficacy relied on Chen Pi (aged Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae), one of the "Six Aged Herbs." For Kidney Zhue (chronic wasting disease) with lower back pain or Qi pain in the bladder, slightly stir-fry the seeds, remove the shell, grind into powder, and take with wine; it will heal.
Currently, many sell Gan Pi (Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae 'Chachi' or related citrus peels) as Ju Pi, so careful selection is necessary. Gan Pi is not very bitter, whereas Ju Pi is extremely bitter, remaining bitter even when ripe. Distinguishing Ju from Gan based on whether the peel is tight or loose is unreliable due to regional variations, as both can exhibit either texture. People with cold Spleen and Kidney who consume too much Ju flesh may suffer from internal cold or diarrhea/dysentery.
Nowadays, people mainly regard it as a fruit, or use the peel to make tea for guests, rarely seeing it used in medicine. Eating it helps sober up quickly from hangovers.
Eating plums causes saliva secretion because Water generates Wood (Kidney Water nourishes Liver Wood). Saliva loss damages teeth. The Kidney belongs to Water, and externally manifests as teeth; thus the connection. Wang Shuhe said: "The Bladder and Kidney together form the residence of body fluids." Although this statement is crude, the principle holds true. Smoked plums become Wu Mei (Fructus Mume); dried plums stored in sealed containers become Bai Mei.
They are found in Jiangdong, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, and Sichuan. Named after its shape resembling a Pipa (lute), it is effective in treating Lung Heat cough. The flowers are white and bloom earliest in spring. The fruit is bullet-sized, ripening in April-May, yellow like apricots, slightly hairy, with thin flesh. Its nature is neutral, differing from the leaves. A woman suffering from prolonged Lung Heat cough, with body heat feeling like burning, emaciation, and impending consumption (Lung Tuberculosis), was treated with equal parts of Pi Pa Ye (Folium Eriobotryae), Mu Tong (Caulis Akebiae), Kuan Dong Hua (Flos Farfarae), Zi Wan (Radix Asteris), Xing Ren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum), and Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori), with half the amount of Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei). After standard processing, they were ground into powder, mixed with honey, and formed into pills the size of cherries. One pill was held in the mouth to dissolve slowly after meals and before sleep. She recovered before finishing the course.