蛙其色青，腹细，嘴尖，后脚长，故善跃。大其声则曰蛙，小其声则曰蛤。《月令》所
谓“雀入大水化为蛤”者也。唐韩退之诗∶“一夜青蛙啼到晓”者是此。食之，性平，解劳
热。
补肺虚劳嗽有功，治久嗽不愈。肺间积虚热，久则成疮，故嗽出脓血，晓夕不止，喉
中气塞，胸膈噎痛。蛤蚧、阿胶、生犀角、鹿角胶、羚羊角各一两，除胶外，皆为屑，次入
胶，分四服。每服用河水三升，于银石器中慢火煮至半升，滤去滓，临卧微温，细细呷。其
滓候服尽，再捶，都作一服，以水三升，煎至升斤，如前服。若病患久虚，不喜水，当降序
水。张刑部子皋病极，由枢密况送此方，遂愈。
穴山而居，亦能水。烧一两存性，肉豆蔻仁三个，同为末，米饮调二钱服，治气痔
。脓血甚者，加 皮一两烧入。中病即已，不必尽剂。
蜘蛛品亦多，皆有毒。经不言用是何种，今人多用人家檐角、篱头、陋巷之间，空中
作圆网，大腹、深灰色者。遗尿着人作疮癣。
其中一种最大，京师名为马大头者是。身绿色。雌者，腰间一遭碧色。用则当用雄者
。陶隐居以谓青色大眼。一类之中，元无青者，眼一类皆大。此物生化于水中，故多飞水上
。唐杜甫云∶“点水蜻蜓款款飞。”
谓之为草，则缪矣。经言“肉解结气”，《注》中更辨不定。此物在处有，附生水中
石上，作丝茧如钗股，长寸许，以蔽其身，色如泥，蚕在其中。此所以谓之石蚕也。今方家
用者绝稀。此亦水中虫耳，山河中多。
蛙体色青，腹部细小，嘴部尖细，后腿较长，因此善于跳跃。叫声洪大的称为“蛙”，叫声细小的称为“蛤”。《礼记·月令》中所说的“雀鸟进入大水化为蛤”指的就是这种生物。唐代韩愈的诗句：“一夜青蛙啼到晓”描述的正是此物。食用蛙肉，药性平和，能解除疲劳和热邪。
（蛙）对补益肺虚引起的劳嗽有功效，可治疗久咳不愈。若肺中积聚虚热，日久形成疮疡，则咳嗽时排出脓血，早晚不止，喉中气塞，胸膈噎痛。取蛤蚧、阿胶、生犀角、鹿角胶、羚羊角各一两，除阿胶外，其余药材均捣碎成屑，然后加入阿胶，分为四份服用。每次服用时，用河水三升，在银器或石器中以慢火煎煮至半升，滤去药渣，睡前趁微温细细啜饮。剩下的药渣，待药液服完后，再次捶打，合并作为一剂，加水三升，煎煮至一升，按前述方法服用。如果病人身体极度虚弱，不耐受大量饮水，应减少水量。张刑部之子张子皋病重，由枢密使况氏将此方送给他，病情随即痊愈。
（石蚕）栖息于洞穴之中，也能在水中生存。将石蚕一两烧制保留药性，配合三个肉豆蔻仁，共同研为细末，用米汤调服二钱，可治疗气痔。若脓血症状严重者，加地榆皮一两烧制后入药。见效即止，不必服完全部药剂。
蜘蛛的品种很多，都有毒。本草经籍未说明具体使用哪种，如今人们多使用屋檐角、篱笆头、陋巷之间，在空中结圆形网，腹部较大、深灰色的种类。其尿液沾到人身上会引发疮癣。
其中一种体型最大，京城称之为“马大头”的是这种。身体呈绿色。雌性腰部有一圈碧色。药用时应选用雄性。陶弘景认为青色且眼睛大的是此类。但在这一类中，原本没有青色的，眼睛都很大。这种生物在水中化生，所以多在飞越水面之上。唐代杜甫诗句云：“点水蜻蜓款款飞。”
称其为草，是错误的。本草经言其能“解结气”，《注》中对此辨析不清。这种生物到处都有，附着生长在水中的石头上，吐丝结茧如发钗股状，长约一寸左右，用来遮蔽身体，颜色像泥土，蚕在其中。这就是之所以称之为“石蚕”的原因。如今医家使用它的非常稀少。这也是水中的昆虫，山河中很多。
The frog is green in color, has a slender abdomen, a pointed mouth, and long hind legs; therefore, it is good at leaping. When its call is loud, it is called "wa" (frog); when its call is small, it is called "ge" (toad). This refers to what is mentioned in the *Yueling* (Monthly Ordinances) as "sparrows entering large waters transforming into clams." The poem by Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty, "A night of frogs crying until dawn," describes this creature. Consuming it has a neutral nature and can relieve fatigue and heat.
It is effective in tonifying lung deficiency and laborious cough, treating chronic cough that does not heal. If empty heat accumulates in the lungs for a long time, it forms sores; thus, coughing produces pus and blood, continuing day and night, with qi obstruction in the throat and chest and diaphragm pain. Take one tael each of Gejie (Gekko Gecko), Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin), Sheng Xijiao (Raw Rhinoceros Horn - note: use substitutes in modern practice), Lujiaojiao (Deer Antler Glue), and Lingyangjiao (Antelope Horn). Except for the glues, all are crushed into powder. Then add the glues, and divide into four doses. For each dose, use three sheng of river water, slowly boil in a silver or earthenware vessel until half a sheng remains, filter out the dregs, and sip slowly while slightly warm before going to bed. After the liquid is consumed, pound the dregs again, combine them into one dose, add three sheng of water, boil until one sheng remains, and take as before. If the patient is extremely deficient and dislikes drinking water, reduce the amount of water. Zhang Zigao, son of Minister of Justice Zhang, was critically ill; receiving this prescription from Kuang, the Director of Secretariat, he recovered.
[Shi Can] Lives in caves and can also survive in water. Burn one tael of Shi Can (Stone Silkworm) to retain its properties, combine with three kernels of Roudoukou (Nutmeg), grind together into powder, and mix with rice drink to take two qian. It treats Qi hemorrhoids. If pus and blood are severe, add one tael of Yupi (Bark of Pomegranate or similar astringent bark, context implies specific medicinal bark) burned into the mixture. Stop when the disease is cured; there is no need to finish the entire dose.
There are many varieties of spiders, all of which are toxic. The classic texts do not specify which kind to use. Nowadays, people mostly use those found under eaves, on fence tops, or in alleys, which spin round webs in the air, have large abdomens, and are dark gray. Their urine landing on humans causes sores and ringworm.
Among them, the largest one is known in the capital as "Ma Datou" (Horse Head). Its body is green. Females have a ring of jade-green color around their waist. When used medicinally, males should be selected. Tao Hongjing stated that they are green with large eyes. However, among this type, there are originally no green ones; all have large eyes. This creature originates from water, hence it often flies over the water surface. Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty wrote, "Dragonflies skimming the water fly leisurely."
Calling it a herb is incorrect. The classic states it "dissolves knotted qi," but the annotations fail to clarify this. This creature is found everywhere, attached to stones in water, spinning silk cocoons like hairpins, about an inch long, covering its body. Its color resembles mud, and silkworms are inside. This is why it is called "Shi Can" (Stone Silkworm). It is rarely used by physicians today. It is also an aquatic insect, common in mountains and rivers.