入药以野生及未经就接者为贵。
味酸。气平。花开于冬。而实熟于夏。得木之全气。故其味最酸。（濒湖）经云。味过
于酸。
乌梅
味酸涩。气温平。入厥阴肝及脾肺二经血分。主治下气。除烦热满闷。止肢体痛。偏
不仁。去死肌恶肉。青黑痣蚀。恶疮 肉。（此收而能化之故）去痹利筋脉。（能吮肾液以
筋膜）除冷热痢。止休息痢。调中去痰。治疟瘴。止吐逆霍乱。好唾口干。疗久嗽。（能收
肺
阳
一味作汤代茶。治火炎头痛。痢血日久。用盐水梅肉一枚。研烂。合腊茶。入醋服之。一啜
而安。或用乌梅胡黄连灶下土等分。为末。茶调服亦效。盖血得酸则敛。得寒则止。得苦则
涩故也。蚀恶疮 肉。乌梅肉烧存性。研敷疮上。一夜立尽。同黄连白芍滑石甘草莲肉扁豆
葛根升麻红曲橘红作丸。治滞下如神。便血及酒痢。久痢不止。用乌梅三两。烧存性为末。
醋煮米糊和丸。梧子大。每空心米饮服二十丸。日三。尿血。乌梅烧存性。研末。醋糊丸梧
子大。
不通。气
约下行者
而化于阳
化阳即并阳中之阴而化之。
因收得化。是即下气以为固脱。原非止涩之剂也。若为止涩之剂。何以大便不通者纳之
下部。乃反得通哉。
〔论〕世俗类以乌梅为酸收耳。观本经首主下气。次及肢体痛。偏枯不仁。死肌 肉等
证。
津。
液应。）
致其行之
止谓为酸
所为聚精毓
气之全。具
阴原具有阳
溢。可以思
原于津液之化。以肝
者。是其治皆不外于敛
前义概之乎。曰。此味
药矣。今痢之病于热伤
久痢断后。用涩药为君
而绝不根于血也。再如
于血药用矣。然亦未有离于
气不能还其一降一收之元）
为得当。若乌梅者。胥能合
阳中之阴。举阴之滞阴之虚而
阴不化。宜大补元阳化阴以益
使阴清。遂导阳中之阴而使阳化
湿热合则化脓血而烦痛。宜收下
燥湿守中养胃之剂兼之。俾中焦
未易获效也。盖收阴中之阳。则阴
所以调天气地气之枢也。由阴完而
首言下气者。正其调血之功耳。大抵肝
乃能四应。（但有主剂以为合应分应
行不离收者。至本经别录所主治多不及
白梅
又名盐梅霜梅。气味酸咸平。主喉痹。他治与乌梅仿佛一二。而乌梅较良。资用更
痰厥僵仆。牙关紧闭者。取白梅肉指擦牙根。涎出即开。喉痹乳蛾。冰梅丸。用青梅二十
盐十二两。腌五日。取梅汁。入明矾三两。桔梗白芷防风各二两。牙皂三十条。俱为细末。
拌汁和梅。入瓶收之。每用一枚。噙咽津液。凡中风痰厥。牙关不开。用此擦之。尤佳。梅
核膈气。取半青半黄梅子。每个用盐一两。腌一日夜。晒干。又浸又晒。至水尽乃止。用青
钱三个。夹二梅。麻线缚定。通装瓷罐内。封埋地下。百日取出。每用一枚含之。咽汁入喉。
即消。收一年者。治一人。二年者。治二人。其妙绝伦。暑气霍乱。白梅一个。和仁捣碎。
入丝瓜叶一片。或扁豆叶。再捣烂。用新汲水调。灌下即解。
〔论〕乌梅白梅。气味致有不同。乌梅因制以达火气。所以收而能化。白梅同盐汁渍。
则其
同用
风寒初起。疟痢未久者。弗遽用。（士材）
〔修治〕造乌梅法。取青梅篮盛。于突上熏黑。若以稻灰淋汁润湿蒸过。则肥泽不蠹。
造白
入药以野生及未经嫁接的梅子为珍贵。
味道酸。气性平。花朵在冬季开放，而果实则在夏季成熟。它获得了木行的完整气机，所以它的味道最酸。（李时珍《本草纲目》）《神农本草经》说：味道过于酸。
乌梅
味道酸涩。气性温平。进入厥阴肝经以及脾、肺二经的血分。主要治疗下气（引导气机下行），消除烦热满闷，停止肢体疼痛，治疗半身不遂和感觉迟钝（偏枯不仁），去除坏死的肌肉和恶肉，腐蚀青黑色的痣，治疗恶疮赘肉。（这是因为收敛之中蕴含化生的缘故）去除痹症，利养筋脉。（它能汲取肾液以滋养筋膜）消除冷痢和热痢，停止休息痢（久治不愈的痢疾），调理中焦气机并化痰，治疗疟疾瘴气，停止呕吐逆气和霍乱，治疗多唾口干，治愈长期咳嗽。（它能收敛肺气）
单用乌梅煮汤代替茶喝，可以治疗火炎上攻引起的头痛。对于日久便血的情况，取一枚盐水腌制的梅肉，研烂，配合腊茶，加入醋服用，一次饮用即可安宁。或者使用乌梅、胡黄连、灶心土各等份，研成粉末，用茶调服也有效。大概是因为血液遇到酸味则收敛，遇到寒性则停止出血，遇到苦味则固涩的缘故。
腐蚀恶疮赘肉，将乌梅肉烧至存性（保留药物基本性质但炭化），研末敷于疮口上，一夜之间即可脱落干净。与黄连、白芍、滑石、甘草、莲子肉、扁豆、葛根、升麻、红曲、橘红一起制成丸剂，治疗痢疾如神效。对于便血及酒痢，久痢不止的情况，使用乌梅三两，烧至存性研末，用醋煮米糊调和做成丸剂，大小如梧桐子大。每次空腹用米饮送服二十丸，每日三次。尿血的情况，将乌梅烧至存性，研末，用醋糊做成梧桐子大的丸剂。
关于“大便不通，气约下行者”的论述：气化生于阳，化阳即是连同阳中之阴一起化生。因为具有收敛作用所以能化生，这就是通过下气来达到固脱的目的，原本就不是单纯的止涩药剂。如果仅仅是作为止涩药剂，为什么对于大便不通的患者将其纳入下部（直肠），反而能使大便通畅呢？
〔论〕世俗之人大多认为乌梅只是酸收之药。观察《本经》首先主治下气，其次涉及肢体痛、偏枯不仁、死肌赘肉等症状。津液应当相应。（此处原文有缺漏或错简，意指津液与气的关系）。导致其运行不止是所谓的酸收，而是为了聚精毓气的全貌。阴原本就具有阳，溢出可以思考原于津液的化生，以肝脏为根本。其所治功效都不外乎敛藏。前文意义概括于此吗？回答说：这是味药啊。如今痢疾病因在于热伤，久痢断后，使用涩药为主药，然而绝不根源于血。再如……（此处原文逻辑跳跃较大，似有脱文）。气不能还原其一下降一收敛的元气。这样才算是得当。像乌梅这样的药，都能合阳中之阴，举起阴之滞、阴之虚而……阴不化，宜大补元阳化阴以益……使阴清，于是导引阳中之阴而使阳化。湿热结合则化脓血而烦痛，宜收下燥湿守中养胃之剂兼之，使得中焦……未易获效也。大概收敛阴中之阳，则是阴……所以调节天气地气的枢纽。由阴完善而……首言下气者，正是其调血的功效罢了。大抵肝脏乃能四应。（但有主剂以为合应分应……行不离收者，至于《本经》别录所主治多不及……）
白梅
又名盐梅、霜梅。气味酸咸平。主治喉痹。其他治疗功效与乌梅相似一二，但乌梅效果更好，资源利用更广泛。
对于痰厥僵仆（突然昏倒、肢体僵硬）、牙关紧闭的情况，取白梅肉用手指擦拭牙根，涎水流出即能开口。治疗喉痹乳蛾，可用冰梅丸。制作方法是：取青梅二十个，盐十二两，腌制五日，取出梅汁，加入明矾三两，桔梗、白芷、防风各二两，牙皂三十条，都研成细末。拌入梅汁和匀梅肉，装入瓶中收藏。每次使用一枚，含在口中咽下津液。凡是中风痰厥，牙关不开，用此药擦拭，尤其好。治疗梅核膈气（咽喉异物感），取半青半黄的梅子，每个用盐一两，腌制一天一夜，晒干，又浸又晒，直到水分干尽为止。用三个青钱夹住两个梅子，用麻线绑紧，全部装入瓷罐内，密封埋入地下，一百天后取出。每次使用一枚含在口中，咽下的汁液流入喉咙，症状即刻消除。收藏一年的，可治一个人；收藏两年的，可治两个人，其妙处无与伦比。暑气引起的霍乱，取白梅一个，连同果仁捣碎，加入一片丝瓜叶，或者扁豆叶，再捣烂，用新汲水调匀，灌下即可缓解。
〔论〕乌梅和白梅，气味确实有所不同。乌梅因为经过熏制以达火气，所以具有收敛而能化生的特性。白梅同盐汁浸泡，则……（此处原文截断）。
风寒初起，疟疾痢疾时间不长的情况，不要急于使用。（士材注）
〔修治〕制造乌梅的方法。取青梅用篮子盛放，在灶突上熏黑。如果用稻灰淋出的汁液润湿蒸过，则肉质肥泽且不生虫蛀。制造白梅……（原文在此结束）
Raw materials for medicinal use are prized if they are wild and have not been grafted.
The taste is sour. The nature is neutral. The flowers bloom in winter, while the fruits ripen in summer. It obtains the complete Qi of Wood, hence its taste is the most sour. (Li Shizhen) The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states: "When the taste is excessively sour..."
Wumei (Smoked Plum Fruit)
The taste is sour and astringent. The nature is warm and neutral. It enters the blood aspect of the Jueyin Liver channel, as well as the Spleen and Lung channels. It mainly treats descending Qi (guiding Qi downward), eliminates vexation, heat, fullness, and oppression, stops limb pain, treats hemiplegia and numbness (Pianku Buren), removes necrotic muscle and foul flesh, corrodes dark moles, and treats malignant ulcers with overgrowth. (This is because it possesses the ability to transform through astringency.) It removes Bi syndrome and benefits the sinews and vessels. (It can absorb Kidney fluids to nourish the sinews.) It eliminates cold and hot dysentery, stops chronic/recurrent dysentery, regulates the Middle Jiao and resolves phlegm, treats malaria and miasma, stops vomiting, regurgitation, and cholera-like symptoms, treats excessive salivation and dry mouth, and cures chronic cough. (It can astringe Lung Yang.)
Decocting Wumei alone as tea substitutes can treat headaches caused by flaming-up Fire. For long-standing bloody stool, take one plum meat preserved in salt water, mash it thoroughly, combine it with cured tea, add vinegar, and ingest; relief is achieved after a single dose. Alternatively, equal parts of Wumei, Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), and Zaohu Tu (Furnace Soil) are ground into powder and taken with tea; this is also effective. This is likely because blood converges when encountering sourness, stops bleeding when encountering cold, and becomes astringent when encountering bitterness.
To corrode malignant ulcers and overgrowth, burn Wumei meat until carbonized but retaining its properties (Cun Xing), grind into powder, and apply to the ulcer; it falls off completely within one night. Combined with Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Huashi (Talcum), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Lianrou (Nelumbinis Semen), Bidou (Dolichoris Semen), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Hongqu (Red Yeast Rice), and Juhong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Rubrum) to make pills, it treats dysentery with miraculous efficacy. For hematochezia and alcohol-induced dysentery, or persistent dysentery that does not cease, use three liang of Wumei, burn until carbonized, grind into powder, mix with rice paste boiled in vinegar to form pills the size of wutong seeds. Take twenty pills on an empty stomach with rice water, three times daily. For hematuria, burn Wumei until carbonized, grind into powder, and form pills the size of wutong seeds using rice paste mixed with vinegar.
Regarding "constipation where Qi is constrained and tends to descend": Qi transformation arises from Yang; transforming Yang involves transforming the Yin within Yang together. Because it has astringent properties, it can transform; thus, descending Qi serves to secure against collapse, and it is originally not merely an astringent agent. If it were solely an astringent agent, why would administering it to the lower part (rectum) for patients with constipation result in bowel movement?
[Discussion] The common people generally regard Wumei merely as an acid-astringent herb. Observing that the *Bencao Jing* first mentions treating descending Qi, followed by limb pain, hemiplegia with numbness, necrotic muscle, and other conditions... [Text contains gaps/missing characters regarding Jin-Ye relationship]. Leading to its movement, it is not merely called astringent, but aims to gather essence and nurture Qi's completeness. Yin originally possesses Yang; overflow allows one to contemplate its origin in the transformation of body fluids, rooted in the Liver. Its treatments all revolve around astringency. Does the previous meaning cover this? The answer is: This is a flavor-drug interaction. Currently, dysentery disease stems from heat injury; for chronic dysentery at the end stage, using astringents as the chief drug... yet it does not root in Blood. Furthermore... [Text logic jumps, possibly missing lines]. Qi cannot return to its original state of descending and astringing. Only then is it appropriate. Herbs like Wumei can combine with the Yin within Yang, lifting Yin stagnation and Yin deficiency... If Yin does not transform, one should greatly tonify Yuan Yang to transform Yin and benefit... making Yin clear, thereby guiding the Yin within Yang to allow Yang to transform. Damp-heat combining leads to pus and blood formation with vexation and pain; one should use astringent, damp-drying, middle-jiao stabilizing, and stomach-nourishing agents combined, so that the Middle Jiao... is not easily effective. Generally, astringing the Yang within Yin means Yin... serves as the pivot regulating Heaven and Earth Qi. From Yin perfection... First mentioning descending Qi is precisely its function of regulating Blood. Broadly speaking, the Liver can respond in four directions... [Text cuts off regarding Bencao Jing and Bie Lu indications].
Baimei (Salted Plum / Frost Plum)
Also known as Yanmei and Shuangmei. The taste is sour and salty; the nature is neutral. It treats Hou Bi (sore throat/globus hystericus). Other therapeutic effects are similar to Wumei, but Wumei is superior and more widely utilized.
For Tan Jue Jiang Pu (phlegm-jue causing sudden collapse and stiffness) and locked jaw, take Baimei meat and rub it against the gum roots with a finger; once saliva flows, the jaw opens. To treat Hou Bi and Ru E (tonsillitis), use Bingmei Wan. Preparation: Take twenty green plums and twelve liang of salt, pickle for five days, extract the plum juice, add three liang of Mingfan (Alumen), two liang each of Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), and Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), and thirty strips of Yazao (Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina). Grind all into fine powder. Mix with juice and plum meat, store in a jar. Use one pill each time, holding it in the mouth to swallow saliva. For wind-stroke phlegm-jue with locked jaw, rubbing this is especially good. To treat Meihe Geqi (globus sensation/phlegm-ball), take half-green, half-yellow plums. Use one liang of salt per plum, pickle for one day and night, sun-dry, then soak and dry again until the water is exhausted. Sandwich two plums between three green coins, tie tightly with hemp thread, place in a porcelain jar, seal, and bury underground for one hundred days before retrieving. Hold one pill in the mouth each time; swallowing the juice into the throat causes immediate resolution. One year aged treats one person; two years aged treats two people; its wonder is unparalleled. For summer-heat cholera, take one Baimei, crush it including the kernel, add one loofah leaf or lablab bean leaf, crush again, mix with fresh drawn water, and administer orally for immediate relief.
[Discussion] Wumei and Baimei indeed differ in taste and nature. Wumei, due to being smoked to reach fire Qi, possesses the characteristic of astringing while transforming. Baimei soaked in salt juice... [Text ends abruptly].
In cases of initial wind-cold or recent onset of malaria/dysentery, do not use hastily. (Note by Shi Cai)
[Processing] Method for preparing Wumei: Take green plums in baskets, smoke them black over the stove flue. If steamed after moistening with leachate from rice ash, the flesh will be plump, glossy, and resistant to insect damage. Method for preparing Baimei... [Text ends]