生于石间向阳处。故名。叶似枇杷。叶之小者。其背无毛。光而不皱。凌冬不凋。
有二叶为花苞。二月开时如椿花。甚细碎。花罢渐生新叶。湖南北江西二浙甚多。（宗 ）
味辛苦。气平。有小毒。可升可降。阴中阳也。入足厥阴少阴经。五加皮为之使。恶小
蓟。主益肾气内伤阴衰。疗脚弱五脏邪气。除热。利筋骨皮毛。杀虫。逐诸风。浸酒饮。治
头风。女子久服。令思男。能强肾治风痹。肾弱为要药。（濒湖）石南得火金之气。观其用
当是金胜火微。止应有小毒。少阴属水。得金气之浓者。能生水。故养肾气。又肾肝在下而
主筋骨。得所养则内伤阴衰自起。筋骨皮毛自利。脚弱自健也。（仲淳）同巴戟苁蓉锁阳鹿
茸山萸枸杞。治肾经虚寒。精滑精冷。同白蒺藜桑叶首乌巴戟仙灵脾五加皮菟丝子威灵仙虎
骨。治肝肾为风寒湿所乘。以致痹弱不能行动。小儿通睛。因误跌或打着头脑受惊。肝系受
风。瞳仁不正。观东则见西。观西则见东。用石南散吹鼻通顶。石南一两。藜芦三分。瓜丁
五七个。为末。每吹少许入鼻。一日三度。内服牛黄平肝药。
〔论〕 石南叶凌冬不凋。具足水中之阳。观其花于春。而叶即随发。是本水中元气以
畅春木生化之用者。其味辛。是木媾于金而元气得以上达也。本经所云益肾气。盖益肾中阴
气。（惟益阴气。故能疗五脏邪气。除热又逐诸风。）女子久服思男者。乃阴气盛则趋阳以化
也。夫阴气盛而趋阳以化。则出地之风化得其正而风眚平。（阴气不足。则阳无以化而为风。
阳
之微。先于治风。在中风证多用之。亦以疗热痹。若不知本于肾气具足而趋所生。只等于辛
散之风剂。则失之远矣。
〔修治〕 三四月采叶。阴干用。
生长在岩石间向阳的地方。因此得名。叶子形状像枇杷叶。较小的叶片，背面没有绒毛，表面光滑且不皱缩。经历寒冬也不凋谢。
有两个叶片包裹着花苞。二月开花时像香椿花一样，非常细碎。花谢后逐渐长出新的叶子。湖南、湖北、江西以及浙江等地非常多。（李时珍引宗奭语）
味道辛苦。药性平。有小毒。作用趋势可升可降。属于阴中寓阳之品。归入足厥阴肝经和足少阴肾经。五加皮是它的引经药。忌与小蓟同用。主治补益肾气及内伤导致的阴气衰弱。治疗脚部软弱无力及五脏邪气。清除热邪。通利筋骨皮毛。杀虫。驱除各种风邪。浸泡酒饮用，治疗头风。女子长期服用，能使其产生生育男婴的愿望（指增强生殖机能）。能够强健肾脏，治疗风痹。对于肾虚是重要的药物。（李时珍引濒湖语）石南叶禀受火和金的气化特性。观察其药效，应当是金气胜而火气微。所以只应有小毒。足少阴肾属水，得到浓重的金气，能够滋生肾水。所以能滋养肾气。又因为肾和肝位于下焦，主管筋骨。得到滋养则内伤阴衰自然恢复，筋骨皮毛自然通利，脚弱自然健壮。（陈实功引仲淳语）与巴戟天、肉苁蓉、锁阳、鹿茸、山茱萸、枸杞子同用，治疗肾经虚寒，精液滑泄、精冷。与白蒺藜、桑叶、何首乌、巴戟天、淫羊藿、五加皮、菟丝子、威灵仙、虎骨同用，治疗肝肾被风寒湿邪侵袭，导致痹症软弱不能行动。小儿通睛（斜视），是因为误跌或头部受击受惊，肝系受风，瞳仁不正。看西边却见东边，看东边却见西边。使用石南散吹鼻至头顶部位。石南叶一两，藜芦三分，瓜丁五七个。研为末。每次吹少许入鼻。一日三次。内服牛黄平肝药。
〔论述〕 石南叶经历寒冬不凋谢，具备水中的阳气。观察它在春季开花，而叶子随即发出，这是凭借水中的元气来畅达春季木气的生化作用。它的味道辛，是木气与金气交媾，使得元气能够上达。《本经》所说的益肾气，其实是补益肾中的阴气。（正因为补益阴气，所以能治疗五脏邪气，清除热邪，并驱除各种风邪。）女子长期服用想生男孩的，是因为阴气旺盛从而趋向于阳以化生。（阴气充足，则出地之风化得其正而风病平息。）如果阴气不足，则阳气无法化生而为风邪。阳气的微弱，首先体现在治疗风证上。在中风证候中多用此药，也用于治疗热痹。如果不知道它根本在于肾气充足而趋向于所生发的功能，仅仅把它等同于辛散的风剂，那就差得远了。
〔炮制〕 三四月采集叶子，阴干后使用。
Grows in rocky crevices in sunny locations. Hence the name. The leaves resemble those of *Eriobotrya japonica* (Loquat). The smaller leaves have no hairs on their abaxial surface, are smooth and non-pleated. They do not wither even through winter.
Two leaves form a flower bud. When blooming in the second lunar month, they resemble flowers of *Toona sinensis* (Chinese Toon), being very fine and fragmented. After flowering, new leaves gradually emerge. It is abundant in Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang provinces. (Zong)
Taste: pungent and bitter. Nature: neutral. Slightly toxic. Its action can ascend or descend. It belongs to Yin containing Yang. Enters the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian and Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. *Acanthopanacis Cortex* (Wujia Pi) acts as its guiding herb. It is incompatible with *Cirsii Herba* (Xiaoji). It primarily tonifies Kidney Qi and treats internal injuries leading to decline of Yin. It treats weakness of the legs and evil Qi in the five Zang organs. It clears heat, benefits tendons, bones, skin, and hair, kills parasites, and expels various Wind pathogens. Soaked in wine and drunk, it treats Head Wind. For women, long-term consumption enhances reproductive vitality (desire for male offspring). It strengthens the Kidneys and treats Bi syndrome (wind-damp obstruction). It is a key herb for Kidney deficiency. (Binhu) Shinan Ye receives the Qi of Fire and Metal. Observing its effects, it appears that Metal Qi prevails while Fire Qi is weak. Thus, it should only be slightly toxic. The Foot Shaoyin corresponds to Water; receiving concentrated Metal Qi generates Water. Therefore, it nourishes Kidney Qi. Furthermore, the Kidneys and Liver reside in the lower jiao and govern tendons and bones. When nourished, internal Yin injury recovers naturally, tendons, bones, skin, and hair become unobstructed, and leg weakness improves. (Zhongchun) Combined with *Morindae Officinalis Radix* (Bajitian), *Cibotii Rhizoma* (Rongrong), *Yangsuosuo* (Suoyang), *Cervi Cornu Degelatinatum* (Lurong), *Corni Fructus* (Shanzhuyu), and *Lycii Fructus* (Gouqi), it treats Kidney Meridian deficiency-cold, seminal emission, and cold semen. Combined with *Tribuli Fructus* (Bajili), *Mori Folium* (Sangye), *Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata* (Shouwu), *Morinda Officinalis Radix* (Bajitian), *Epimedii Folium* (Xianlingpi), *Acanthopanacis Cortex* (Wujia Pi), *Cuscutae Semen* (Tusizi), *Saposhnikoviae Radix* (Weilingxian), and *Tigris Ossis* (Hugu), it treats Bi syndrome and weakness preventing movement caused by Wind-Cold-Damp invading the Liver and Kidneys. For infant strabismus ("tongjing") caused by accidental falls or head trauma with fright, where the Liver system is affected by Wind causing misalignment of the pupil (looking west sees east, looking east sees west), use Shinan San blown into the nose up to the vertex. Shinan Ye 1 liang, *Veratrum nigrum* Root (Lilu) 3 fen, *Trichosanthes kirilowii* Root (Guading) 5-7 pieces. Grind into powder. Blow a small amount into the nose each time. Three times daily. Internally administer Niuhuang Pinggan medicines.
[Discussion] Shinan Ye does not wither in winter, possessing the Yang within Water. Observing its flowering in spring with simultaneous leaf emergence, this demonstrates using the primordial Qi of Water to facilitate the growth and transformation functions of Spring Wood. Its pungent taste indicates Wood interacting with Metal, allowing primordial Qi to ascend. The "benefiting Kidney Qi" mentioned in the *Ben Jing* refers to benefiting the Yin Qi within the Kidney. (By benefiting Yin Qi, it treats evil Qi in the five Zang organs, clears heat, and expels various Winds.) The desire for male offspring in women taking it long-term arises because abundant Yin Qi tends toward Yang for transformation. When Yin Qi is abundant and transforms toward Yang, the wind generated from the earth follows the correct pattern, and wind-pathologies subside. If Yin Qi is insufficient, Yang cannot transform and becomes Wind. The subtlety of Yang is first manifested in treating Wind syndromes. It is frequently used in stroke syndromes and also for treating Heat-Bi. If one fails to recognize that its root lies in sufficient Kidney Qi tending toward generation, and merely equates it with pungent-dispersing Wind-expelling agents, one would be far off the mark.
[Processing] Harvest leaves in the third and fourth lunar months. Dry in the shade for use.