有两种。一种茎紫气香而味甘。叶可作羹者。为真菊。一种茎青肥大。作蒿艾气。其味
苦辛惨烈不堪食者。为苦薏。（以味似莲子心得名）非真菊也。叶正相似。惟以甘苦别之。（
贞白）惟单瓣花小而黄。叶小而薄。色深绿。九月应候而开者为是。邓州白菊。单瓣者亦入
药。余皆不用。（宗 ）
花
味甘。气香。性平。可升可降。阳中有阴。主肝气不足。白术地骨皮桑白皮为之使。
治诸风头眩肿痛。目欲脱。泪出。（本经）一切游风。能令消散。补阴利血脉。（权）除胸中
烦热。利五脉。调四肢。（别录）养目血。去翳膜。（洁古）黄菊属土与金。有水与火。大能
补阴血。故养目。（丹溪）菊春生夏茂。秋花冬实。备受四气。饱经霜露。叶枯不落。花槁
不零。其用祛除风热。益肝补阴。皆由得金水之精英尤多。能益金水二脏故也。补水所以制
火。益金所以平木。木平则风息。火降则热除矣。（濒湖）黄者入金水阴分。白者入金水阳
分。红者行妇人血分。神而明之。皆可入药。（又）菊花独禀金精。专制风木。故为去风之
要药。（仲淳）同地黄当归枸杞蒺藜五味山萸黄柏羚羊角羊肝。治肝肾俱虚目痛。加木贼谷
精柴胡决明子。可去外翳。同黄连甘草元参桔梗连翘生地柴胡川芎羌活荆芥决明子童便。治
风热目痛。君川芎细辛 本当归生熟地天麦冬白芍甘草童便。治血虚头痛。亦主眩晕。其因
痰而作者。无痰药不效。黄而小者。童便浸一宿。晒干为末服。能生精。与枸杞子相对蜜丸。
久服终身无目疾。兼不中风及生疔疽。眼目昏花。用甘菊花一斤。红椒去目六两。为末。用
新地黄汁和丸
〔论〕甘菊秉金精而兼水化。金水相涵。益阴之上品也。何以独为风木之对待。盖风木
固欲尽之阴。而乐趋乎阳者也。有金水相涵者。育其将尽之阴。而静其相求之阳。故不独平
肝。且能益肝之不足。其疗头目风热。除胸中烦热。利五脉。调四肢。总归于利血脉一语。
而血脉之所以利。直由金水相涵。以致其用耳。夫心主脉。脉为血府。金水相涵以致其用。
则是肺阴下降入心。而合于肾脉之至肺者。所谓毛脉合精也。火合于水而血生。血生而脉利。
又何四肢之不能调乎。然则对待风木一语。正以风脏血脏。实司周身之经络。而经络固内外
之合也。得兹味大畅风升之用。而不病于风眚。则所益岂其微哉。（祛头风明目特其首及。
非谓益阴之功。概止此也。）至入药定以甘者。盖益气益血之味。不能离于甘。离于甘则为
阴阳偏至之气。但可以疗偏至之疾耳。
〔辨治〕 小而气恶者为野菊。味苦茎青者。大伤胃气。谨戒弗用。正月采根。三月采
叶。五月采茎。九月采花。十一月采实。皆阴干用。
菊有两种。一种茎呈紫色，气味芳香且味道甘甜，叶子可以做汤羹食用，这是真正的菊花。另一种茎呈青色且肥大，有蒿草和艾草的气味，味道苦涩辛辣、惨烈得无法食用，这是苦薏（因为味道像莲子心而得名），并非真正的菊花。它们的叶子形状非常相似，只能通过甘味和苦味来区分。（贞白）只有单瓣花朵小且颜色黄，叶子小而薄，颜色深绿，在九月按时令开花的才是正宗的。邓州产的白菊，即使是单瓣的也可以入药，其余品种都不使用。（宗 ）
花
味道甘甜，气味芳香，性质平和，作用趋势既可上升也可下降，属于阳中蕴阴。主要治疗肝气不足，以白术、地骨皮、桑白皮作为引经药。治疗各种头部风邪引起的眩晕、肿痛，眼睛感觉要脱出，流泪。（《本经》）对于一切游走性的风邪，能使之风散。补益阴分，通利血脉。（权）清除胸中的烦热，通利五脏经脉，调和四肢。（《别录》）滋养目血，去除眼翳。（洁古）黄菊属性属土与金，兼具水与火的特性，大能补益阴血，所以能滋养眼睛。（丹溪）菊花春天生长，夏天茂盛，秋天开花，冬天结实，充分承受了四季之气，饱经霜露。叶子枯萎也不掉落，花朵干枯也不凋零。它的作用在于祛除风热，益肝补阴，这都是因为它获得了金水和水的精华特别多，能够补益肺（金）和肾（水）两脏的缘故。补水是为了制约火，益金是为了平抑木，木气平和则风息，火气下降则热除。（濒湖）黄色的菊花进入金水和水的阴分，白色的菊花进入金水和水的阳分，红色的菊花行于妇女的血分。神妙而明达地运用，都可以入药。（又）菊花独自禀受金的精微，专门克制风木，所以是祛风的要药。（仲淳）配合地黄、当归、枸杞、蒺藜、五味子、山茱萸、黄柏、羚羊角、羊肝，治疗肝肾俱虚引起的眼痛；加入木贼、谷精草、柴胡、决明子，可以去除外翳；配合黄连、甘草、玄参、桔梗、连翘、生地、柴胡、川芎、羌活、荆芥、决明子、童便，治疗风热引起的眼痛；以川芎、细辛、藁本、当归、生熟地黄、天冬、麦冬、白芍、甘草、童便为君药，治疗血虚头痛，也主治眩晕。如果是因痰湿引起的，没有化痰药就不见效。黄色且小的菊花，用童便浸泡一夜，晒干研末服用，能生精气。与枸杞子相对，炼蜜为丸，长期服用终身无眼疾，同时也不易患中风及疔疽。眼睛昏花，用甘菊花一斤，红椒去蒂六两，研为末，用新鲜地黄汁和丸。
〔论〕甘菊禀受金的精微并兼有水的气化，金水相互涵养，是补益阴分的上品。为什么唯独它是风木的对治药物？大概风木本性想要耗尽阴气，而乐于趋向阳气。有金水相互涵养者，能培育将尽的阴气，并使相求的阳气安静。所以不仅平抑肝气，而且能补益肝气的不足。它治疗头目风热，清除胸中烦热，通利五脏经脉，调和四肢，总归于一句话：利血脉。而血脉之所以能通利，直接是因为金水相互涵养，从而发挥其作用。心主脉，脉是血的府库。金水相互涵养以致发挥作用，就是肺阴下降进入心脏，并与到达肺部的肾脉相合，这就是所谓的“毛脉合精”。火与水相合而生血，血生成而脉络通利，那四肢又怎能不调和呢？然而，“对待风木”这一说法，正是因为风脏和血脏实际上主管全身的经络，而经络本来就是内外相合的。得到这种味道，能畅达风升发的作用，而不遭受风灾的危害，那么所受益处难道微小吗？（治疗头风明目只是首先提到的功效，并不是说补益阴功仅仅止于此。）至于入药一定选用甘味的，大概是益气益血的滋味，不能离开甘味。离开甘味就成为阴阳偏至之气，只能治疗偏至的疾病罢了。
〔辨治〕 花朵小且气味恶臭的是野菊，味道苦、茎青色的，会严重损伤胃气，务必谨慎禁止使用。正月采集根，三月采集叶，五月采集茎，九月采集花，十一月采集果实，都要阴干后使用。
There are two types of Chrysanthemum. One type has purple stems, a fragrant aroma, and a sweet taste; its leaves can be used to make soup. This is the true Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemi Flos). The other type has green, thick, and large stems, smells like Artemisia and Mugwort, and has a bitter, pungent, and harsh taste that makes it inedible. This is Ku Yi (Bitter Costus Root), named because its taste resembles the heart of a lotus seed, and it is not the true Chrysanthemum. Their leaves look very similar and are distinguished only by their sweet versus bitter tastes. (Zhenbai) Only those with single petals, small yellow flowers, small and thin leaves, deep green color, and blooming in September according to the seasonal rhythm are considered authentic. White Chrysanthemum from Dengzhou, even if single-petaled, can be used medicinally; others are not used. (Zong)
Flower
Taste: Sweet. Aroma: Fragrant. Nature: Neutral. Action: Can ascend and descend; contains Yin within Yang. Main indications: Liver Qi deficiency. Guiding herbs: Atractylodis Rhizoma (Baizhu), Lycii Cortex (Digupi), and Morus Alba Bark (Sangbaipi). Treats various wind-induced dizziness, swelling, and pain in the head, sensation of eyes protruding, and tearing. (Shennong Bencao Jing) Disperses all wandering wind pathogens. Nourishes Yin and benefits blood vessels. (Quan) Clears irritability and heat in the chest. Benefits the five meridians and harmonizes the four limbs. (Xinxiu Bencao) Nourishes eye blood and removes corneal opacities. (Jiegu) Yellow Chrysanthemum belongs to Earth and Metal, possessing Water and Fire properties. It greatly tonifies Yin and Blood, thus nourishing the eyes. (Danxi) Chrysanthemum grows in Spring, flourishes in Summer, flowers in Autumn, and fruits in Winter. It fully absorbs the Qi of the Four Seasons and endures frost and dew. Its leaves wither but do not fall, and its flowers dry but do not drop. Its functions of dispelling wind-heat and benefiting the Liver and nourishing Yin stem from its abundant acquisition of the essence of Metal and Water, thereby benefiting the Lung (Metal) and Kidney (Water) organs. Supplementing Water controls Fire; benefiting Metal pacifies Wood. When Wood is pacified, wind ceases; when Fire descends, heat is eliminated. (Bencao Gangmu) Yellow varieties enter the Yin aspect of Metal and Water; white varieties enter the Yang aspect; red varieties circulate in the blood aspect of women. Applied with divine understanding, all can be used medicinally. (Again) Chrysanthemum alone inherits the essence of Metal and specifically controls Wind-Wood, making it an essential herb for dispelling wind. (Zhongchun) Combined with Rehmanniae Radix (Dihuang), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Lycii Fructus (Gouqi), Tribuli Fructus (Jili), Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), Corni Fructus (Shanzhuyu), Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai), Antelopis Cornu (Lingyangjiao), and Hep Sus Scrofae (Yanggan), it treats eye pain due to dual deficiency of Liver and Kidney. Adding Equiseti Herba (Muzei), Sparganii Rhizoma (Gujingcao), Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu), and Cassiae Semen (Juemingzi) can remove external opacities. Combined with Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Scrophulariae Radix (Yuanshen), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng), Forsythiae Fructus (Lianqiao), Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (Shengdi), Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu), Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong), Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo), Schizonepetae Herba (Jingjie), Cassiae Semen (Juemingzi), and Urina Pueri (Tongbian), it treats eye pain due to wind-heat. Using Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong), Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin), Libanotidis Rhizoma (Ben), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Rehmanniae Radix (Sheng/Shu Di), Ophiopogonis Tuber (Tianmai), Liriopes Tuber (Maidong), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), and Urina Pueri (Tongbian) as sovereign herbs treats headache due to blood deficiency and also vertigo. If caused by phlegm, efficacy is lacking without phlegm-resolving herbs. Small yellow Chrysanthemum soaked in Urina Pueri (Tongbian) overnight, dried, and powdered can generate essence. Combined with Lycii Fructus (Gouqi) and honey pills, long-term use prevents eye diseases, stroke, and carbuncles. For blurred vision, mix one jin of Ganju (Sweet Chrysanthemum) with six liang of Red Pepper (Hongjiao) removed of seeds, powder them, and form pills with fresh juice of Rehmanniae Radix (Xindihuang).
[Discussion] Ganju (Sweet Chrysanthemum) inherits the essence of Metal and combines with Water transformation. Metal and Water mutually nourish each other, making it a superior herb for tonifying Yin. Why is it uniquely the counteragent to Wind-Wood? Wind-Wood naturally desires to exhaust Yin and tends toward Yang. Those with mutual nourishment of Metal and Water nurture the nearly exhausted Yin and calm the seeking Yang. Thus, it not only pacifies the Liver but also supplements Liver Qi deficiency. Its treatment of wind-heat in the head and eyes, clearing chest irritability, benefiting the five meridians, and harmonizing the four limbs all归结 to "benefiting blood vessels." The reason blood vessels benefit is directly due to the mutual nourishment of Metal and Water. The Heart governs vessels, and vessels are the mansion of blood. Mutual nourishment of Metal and Water leads to function: Lung Yin descends into the Heart and merges with the Kidney meridian reaching the Lung, known as "merging of Hair and Pulse essence." Fire merging with Water generates blood; blood generation leads to smooth vessels, thereby harmonizing the four limbs. Therefore, "counteracting Wind-Wood" refers to the fact that the Wind organ and Blood organ actually manage the meridians throughout the body, which are the union of interior and exterior. Obtaining this flavor allows the ascending use of wind to flow freely without suffering wind disasters; the benefits are significant. (Treating head wind and brightening eyes is merely mentioned first, not implying that the Yin-nourishing merit stops there.) Regarding the selection of sweet-tasting varieties for medicine: flavors that benefit Qi and Blood cannot depart from sweetness. Departing from sweetness results in Qi of extreme Yin or Yang, which can only treat diseases of extreme deviation.
[Differentiation and Treatment] Wild Chrysanthemum (Yeju) has small flowers and a foul odor. Varieties with bitter taste and green stems severely damage Stomach Qi and must be strictly avoided. Collect roots in January, leaves in March, stems in May, flowers in September, and fruits in November. All should be dried in shade before use.