产西北者胜入药以纯白色为良。
白马阴茎
气味甘咸平。 主治伤中绝脉。益丈夫阴气。强肾志生子。长肌肉。 五畜以马为金。
十二辰午为马。谓阴始生于午。六阳之化。太阴之属也。是主手太阴肺足太阴脾。藏真濡于
脾。脾藏肌肉之气也。故长肌肉而肥健。藏真高于肺。以行营卫阴阳也。故主伤中绝脉而益
气。若强志有子。为水脏事。水以金为母。土为制。制则化生耳。（之颐） 阴干。同肉苁
蓉等分为末。蜜丸梧子大。每空心酒下四十丸。日再。
白马胫骨
气味甘寒。 过存性。降阴火。中气不足者。用之可代芩连。
悬蹄（赤白马俱用）
气味甘平。疗肠痈。下瘀血。杀虫。烧灰。入盐少许。掺走马疳蚀甚良。
附方 肠痈腹痛。其证两耳叶甲错。腹痛。或绕脐有疮如粟。下脓血。用马蹄灰和鸡子
白涂。即拔毒瓦斯出。损伤瘀血在腹。用白马蹄烧烟尽。研末。酒服方寸匕。日三夜一。血化
为
白马通
马屎曰通。水研。绞汁服。烧灰。温酒或水服。 气味微温。 止渴。止吐血下血鼻衄。
金疮出血。妇人崩中。 火养一切药。 治吐血不止。柏叶汤。用柏叶干姜各二两。艾三把。
以水五升。取马通汁一升合煮。取一升。分温再服。（凡吐血不已。则气血皆虚。虚则生寒。
柏叶禀兑金之气而生。可制肝木。木主升。金主降。升降相配。夫妇之道合。则血得归藏于
肝矣。故用以为君。干姜性热。守而不走。艾叶之温。入内走络而不炎于上。使阴阳之气反
归于里。以补其虚寒。用以为佐。马通主降火。消停血。引领而行为使。）
〔论〕 十二辰马居午。顾五畜不以属火而属金。（六阳之极而生阴。取其进气也。凡
用以疗疾。须识此义。）属火者。其畜羊。盖即羊之无瞳人。则禀于火气居多而水气少也。
以是推马之无胆。（非无胆之形质。谅少胆气耳。与犬无胃同义。）因其火极化土。土盛而金
之生气旺矣。金旺而木之生气微。故首出之甲木无气。然有肝者。乙木生于午也。然则素问
以火归羊。以金归马。诚为察物之精欤。
产于西北地区的马入药效果更佳，以纯白色者为上品。
白马阴茎
气味：甘、咸，平性。
主治：治疗内伤导致的脉绝（脉搏微弱或中断）。补益男子的阴气，增强肾志以利于生育，促进肌肉生长。在五畜中，马属金。在十二地支中，午对应马，意为阴气开始生于午时，这是六阳之气的转化，属于太阴的范畴。因此，它主要关联手太阴肺经和足太阴脾经。脾脏将真精濡养于脾，脾主藏肌肉之气，所以能长肌肉使身体肥壮健壮。脾脏的真精高于肺，用以运行营卫阴阳之气，所以能治疗内伤导致的脉绝并补益正气。至于增强意志和生育能力，则是肾脏（水脏）的功能。水以金为母，土来制约，经过制约才能化生。（出自之颐的观点）
用法：阴干。与肉苁蓉等分研成末，用蜂蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次空腹用酒送服四十丸，每日两次。
白马胫骨
气味：甘，寒性。
主治：存性（煅烧至保留药性），降泄阴火。对于中气不足者，可用其代替黄芩、黄连。
悬蹄（赤马白马均可使用）
气味：甘，平性。
主治：治疗肠痈，排出瘀血，杀虫。烧成灰后，加入少许盐，撒敷于走马疳（一种严重的口腔溃烂病）患处，疗效极佳。
附方
肠痈腹痛：症状表现为两耳叶皮肤粗糙如鳞甲交错，腹痛，或者脐周有像粟米大小的疮疡，下脓血。用马蹄灰混合鸡蛋清涂抹，即可拔出毒瓦斯。
损伤瘀血在腹部：用白马蹄烧至烟尽，研成粉末，用酒送服一方寸匕的量，白天三次，夜间一次。血液化为……（原文此处似有缺漏，依文意推测为“血化为水”或类似表述，但严格按原文翻译则止于此）
白马通
马屎称为“通”。用水研磨，绞取汁液服用；或烧成灰，用温酒或水送服。
气味：微温。
主治：止渴，止吐血、便血、鼻衄，金创出血，妇人崩中（大量阴道出血）。
马通可用于养护所有药物。
治疗吐血不止的柏叶汤：使用侧柏叶、干姜各二两，艾叶三把。加水五升，取得马通汁一升混合煎煮，最终取汁一升，分两次温服。（凡吐血不止，则气血皆虚，虚则生寒。侧柏叶禀受兑金之气而生，可制约肝木。木主升发，金主肃降，升降相配，如同夫妇之道和谐，则血液得以归藏于肝脏，故用侧柏叶为君药。干姜性热，守而不走；艾叶性温，入内走络而不炎于上，使阴阳之气反归于里，以补其虚寒，故用为佐药。马通主要作用是降火、消除停积之血，引领诸药发挥作用，故为使药。）
〔论述〕
十二地支中，马位居午位。然而五畜中马不属火而属金。（六阳之极而生阴，取其进气之意。凡是用来治疗疾病，必须明白这个道理。）属火的畜类是羊，大概是因为羊没有瞳孔，所以禀受的火气居多而水气少。由此推断马没有胆。（并非指没有胆的物理形态，而是估计胆气很少罢了，这与狗没有胃的道理相同。）因为火极转化为土，土气旺盛，金的生气也就旺盛了。金旺则木的生气微弱，所以初生的甲木无气。然而马有肝，因为乙木生于午时。那么《素问》中将火归属于羊，将金归属于马，确实是观察事物非常精妙啊。
Horses produced in the northwest are superior for medicinal use, with pure white ones being the best.
Penis of White Horse (Baima Yinqing)
Taste and Nature: Sweet, salty, neutral.
Indications: Treats internal injury leading to pulse cessation (weak or absent pulse). Tonifies the yin qi of men, strengthens kidney will to facilitate procreation, and promotes muscle growth. Among the five domestic animals, the horse belongs to Metal. In the twelve Earthly Branches, Wu corresponds to the horse, signifying that yin begins to generate at Wu; this is the transformation of the six yang qi and belongs to the Taiyin category. Therefore, it primarily governs the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian. The spleen stores true essence to moisten itself; since the spleen governs the qi of muscles, it promotes muscle growth and robustness. The true essence of the spleen is higher than that of the lung, facilitating the circulation of Ying (Nutrient) and Wei (Defensive) qi and balancing yin and yang; thus, it treats internal injury with pulse cessation and benefits qi. Regarding strengthening will and fertility, these are functions of the Kidney (Water organ). Water regards Metal as its mother, and Earth acts as a controller; only through control can transformation occur. (Viewpoint from Zhi Yi.)
Usage: Dried in the shade. Ground into powder in equal parts with Cistanche Deserticola (Rou Cong Rong), mixed with honey to form pills the size of a Chinese quince seed. Take 40 pills on an empty stomach with wine, twice daily.
Tibia of White Horse (Baima Jinggu)
Taste and Nature: Sweet, cold.
Indications: Calcined to retain its medicinal property (Cun Xing); descends deficient fire. For those with insufficient middle qi, it can substitute Scutellariae Radix (Huang Qin) and Phellodendri Cortex (Huang Lian).
Suspended Hoof (Xuantí) (Use both red and white horses)
Taste and Nature: Sweet, neutral.
Indications: Treats intestinal abscess (Chang Yong), expels blood stasis, and kills parasites. Burn to ash, mix with a small amount of salt, and apply topically to severe cases of "Running Horse Gangrene" (Zou Ma Gan, a severe oral ulceration); highly effective.
Supplementary Prescriptions
Intestinal Abscess with Abdominal Pain: Symptoms include rough, scaly skin on the earlobes, abdominal pain, or sores like millet grains around the umbilicus, discharging pus and blood. Apply hoof ash of a horse mixed with egg white to draw out toxic vapors.
Blood Stasis from Trauma in the Abdomen: Burn the hoof of a white horse until no smoke remains, grind into powder, and take one Fang Cun Bi (approx. 3-5 grams) with wine, three times during the day and once at night. Blood transforms into... [Text appears incomplete here].
White Horse Dung (Baima Tong)
Horse dung is referred to as "Tong". Grind with water, squeeze out the juice for oral administration; or burn to ash and take with warm wine or water.
Taste and Nature: Slightly warm.
Indications: Relieves thirst, stops hematemesis (vomiting blood), hematochezia (blood in stool), epistaxis (nosebleed), bleeding from metal wounds, and metrorrhagia (profuse uterine bleeding) in women.
Horse dung is used to process all medicines.
Ba Ye Tang (Cinnamomi Ramulus Decoction variant / specifically using Coptis/Phellodendron context implied by commentary but text says Bo Ye Tang): For persistent hematemesis. Use Folium Broussonetiae Papyriferae (Bo Ye) and Rhizoma Zingiberis Preparatum (Gan Jiang) each 2 liang, and Folium Artemisiae Argyi (Ai Ye) 3 bundles. Add 5 sheng of water, extract 1 sheng of Horse Dung Juice, combine and decoct to obtain 1 sheng. Divide into two doses, taken warm. (Commentary: Persistent hematemesis leads to deficiency of both qi and blood, resulting in cold. Folium Broussonetiae Papyriferae inherits the qi of Dui Metal, which can restrain Liver Wood. Wood governs ascending, Metal governs descending; their coordination resembles the harmony between husband and wife, allowing blood to return to storage in the Liver; hence, it is used as the Sovereign herb. Rhizoma Zingiberis Preparatum is hot and stabilizing without dispersing; Folium Artemisiae Argyi is warm, entering the interior and collaterals without flaring upward, returning yin and yang qi to the interior to tonify deficiency-cold; hence, used as the Minister herb. Horse Dung primarily descends fire and eliminates stagnant blood, guiding other herbs; hence, used as the Envoy herb.)
[Discussion]
In the twelve Earthly Branches, the Horse occupies the Wu position. However, among the five domestic animals, the Horse does not belong to Fire but to Metal. (This is because extreme Yang generates Yin, taking advantage of the incoming qi. One must understand this principle when using them for treating diseases.) The animal belonging to Fire is the Sheep, likely because sheep lack pupils, indicating they inherit more Fire qi and less Water qi. By analogy, the Horse lacks Gallbladder Qi (not necessarily the physical organ, but the functional qi is scarce, similar to the dog lacking Stomach Qi). Because Fire extreme transforms into Earth, Earth qi becomes prosperous, causing the generating qi of Metal to flourish. When Metal is prosperous, the generating qi of Wood becomes weak, so the initial Jia Wood lacks qi. However, the Horse has a Liver, because Yi Wood is born at Wu. Thus, the *Su Wen* (Classic of Difficult Issues/Huangdi Neijing) assigning Fire to the Sheep and Metal to the Horse is indeed a profound observation of things.