者之言。(《医读》)(宜参《积聚》。)
清利诸方 三黄汤,治下焦热结,不得大便方。
大黄(三两) 黄芩(二两) 甘草(一两) 栀子(二七枚)
上四味 咀,以水五升,煮取一升八合,分三服。若大大秘,加芒硝二两。(《千金》)
芎黄丸,治风热壅盛,头昏目赤,大便艰难。
川芎 大黄(锦纹者。用无灰酒一碗。慢火煮令酒尽。焙干。各二两。)
上件为细末,炼蜜为丸,如梧桐子大,每服二十丸,温热水下,食后。(《杨氏》)(《本事》川芎丸,
有皂角,出《痰涎》中。)
《经验后方》解风热,疏积热风壅,消食化气导血,大解壅滞。大黄四两,牵牛子四两半生半熟,为末,
炼蜜丸如桐子大,每服茶下一十丸。如要微动,吃十五丸。冬月中最宜服,并不搜搅人。(《本草》)《十形三
疗》牛黄通膈丸,于本方加木通。《宝鉴》全真丸,金宣宗赐名保安丸,治五脏积热,洗涤肠垢。本方以皂角
水浸,入萝卜切片同熬,投药末丸。(《得效》不用萝卜,名皂角膏,治肾经有热,阴囊赤肿钓痛,大腑秘
涩。)《保命》大黄牵牛散,治相火之气,游走脏腑,大便秘结,本方为散。(按∶《拔萃·洁古家珍》名牛
黄散,治上焦热,脏腑秘结。)《纲目》∶凡用大黄半两至一两,而大便不通利者,加麝少许,调于药中,则大
便必大走也。(出大黄牵牛散下。)
若膏粱浓味积热者,用加味清胃散。(《六要》)(按∶清胃散方附齿间出血中。所谓加味者,考其《齿痛
门》,盖
加大黄、石膏也。)
治大便不通(张选卿屡验)。
朱砂(研如飞面五钱) 真芦荟(研细七钱)
滴好酒少许和丸,每服一钱二分,好酒吞,朝服暮通,暮服朝通。须天晴时修合为妙。(《广笔记》)
《时方歌括》名更衣丸。
润下润燥诸方 散发大便不通方。
生地黄汁(五合) 大黄 甘草(炙各半两)
上三味, 咀,以水三升,煮取一升,下地黄汁,又煮三沸,分二服。(《千金翼》)(按∶此本为治服
石后方,然亦宜燥热秘涩,故《观聚方》既表而出之。)
四顺饮子,治大便不通,面目身热,口舌生疮,上焦冒闷,时欲得冷。此三阳气壅,热并大肠,其脉洪大。
大黄 赤芍药 甘草 当归(等分)
上为粗末,每服五钱,水一盏半,煎至一盏,温服,利为度。(《鸡峰》)(按∶此本出《肘后·小儿》
中,若多温壮热实治诸百病方。)
玉烛散,以四物汤、承气汤、朴硝各等分,水煎去滓,食前服。(《三法六门》)
神功丸,治三焦气壅,心腹痞闷,六腑风热,大便不通,津液内枯,大肠干涩,里急后重,或下鲜血。
大黄(三两) 人参(半两) 麻仁(五两研) 诃子皮(炮取二两)
上杵研为细末,炼蜜为丸,如梧桐子大,每服二十丸,温水下,日三服,以通为度。(《活人》)(按此
本《外台》近效加减麻仁丸,疗积年患气,不能食饮,兼食不消化,风气冷气热气冲上 癖气方。)《选奇后
集》加味神功丸,加木香、枳实、桃仁。
润肠汤,治大便秘涩,连日不通。
府子仁(一盏半,细研,用水浸,滤去皮,取浓汁。) 脂麻(半盏,微炒,研,用水浸,取浓汁。)
桃仁(汤浸,去皮尖,麸炒黄熟,取一两,研如泥。) 荆芥穗(捣末,一两。)
上件药数沸,入盐少许,如煎茶,不得煎过,恣意饮之,以利为度,食前。(《杨氏》)
通幽汤,治大便难,幽门不通,上冲吸门不开,噎塞不便燥秘,气不得下,治在幽门,以辛润之。
炙甘草 红花(以上各一分) 生地黄 熟地黄(以上各五分) 升麻 桃仁泥 当归身(以上各一钱)
上都作一服,水二大盏,煎至一盏去渣,调槟细末五分,稍热食前服之。(《兰室》)又润燥汤,于本方加
大黄(煨)、麻仁,用生甘草,去槟榔。(又名润肠汤。)
麻子苏子粥,紫苏子、大麻子二味各半合,净洗研极细,用水再研取汁一盏,分二次煮粥啜之。此粥不惟产
后可服,大抵老人诸虚人风秘皆得力。尝有一贵人母,年八十四,忽尔腹满头疼,恶心不下食。召医者数人议,
皆供补脾进食、治风清利头目药,数日疾愈甚,全不入食。其家忧惧,悬予辨之。予诊之曰∶药皆误矣。此疾
止是老人风秘,脏腑壅滞,聚于膈中,则腹胀恶心不喜食,又上至于巅,则头痛神不清也。若得脏腑流畅,诸疾
悉去矣。予令作此粥,两啜而气泄,先下结屎如胡椒者十余,后渐得通利,不用药而自愈。(《本事》)(按∶
据《资生经》,此方本出《必用方》。)
赤小豆散,治大便秘。(《鸡峰》)(按∶即赤小豆当归散。)
华佗方云∶有病曰(按∶即日字)食二斗米,至二百日
不大便,亦无所苦,病何以尔,名为何等病也?此为谷瘦也。谷气液升道中去,虽无病,下关不通,不可长久,
治之方。
葛根(五斤) 猪肪(三斤)
凡二物,葛根细锉洗之,以水三斗并煎之,得一斗半去滓,复煎其汁,得七升已,取猪肪切煎之成膏,着
葛根汁中,煎使相得四升所,服二升,二日尽之,下关通,营卫泽,药无所禁。服此药,开六腑,当下。(《医
心》)(按∶《千金》濡脏汤,主大便不通,用生葛根、猪膏、大黄,其意与此相同。)
疏利疏气诸方(和胃方附)治妇人肠胃风结,大便常秘,大麻人丸方。
大麻仁(二两另捣如膏) 川大黄(二两锉碎微炒) 槟榔(一两) 木香(一两) 枳壳(一两面炒微黄
去瓤)
上件药捣罗为末,入大麻人同研令匀,以炼蜜和丸,如梧桐子大,每日空心以温水下二十丸。(《圣惠》)
治大肠实热,气盛上壅,胀腹烦闷不通,槟榔散方。
槟榔(一两) 大黄(三分锉碎炒) 甘草(半两炙) 朴硝(半两)
上件药四味,捣罗为散,每服二钱,水一中盏,入生姜少许,蜜一匙头,同煎六分,去滓热服食后。(《济
众》)
百顺丸,治一切阳邪积滞。凡气积、血积、虫积、食积、伤寒、实热、秘结等证,但各为汤引,随宜送下,
无往不利。
川大黄(锦纹者一片) 牙皂角(炒微黄一两六钱)
上为末,用汤浸蒸饼捣丸,绿豆大,每用五分,或一钱,或二、三钱,酌宜用引送下,或用蜜为丸亦可。
(《景岳》)
降气汤(即苏子降气汤),大便秘者,仍用此药下黑
锡丹、养正丹等药。少年气盛,大便秘,上壅,脾胃素壮者,用此药下神功丸、三黄丸。(《易简》)苏子降
气汤,治气滞妨闷,痰盛便秘。(《必读》)(按∶此系本方加沉香。)
宽快汤,治气不升降,大腑秘滞。
香附(杵净二两) 天台乌药(去心) 枳壳(制各一两半) 缩砂(七钱半) 苏子(炒半两) 青木
香(三钱) 甘草(炙七钱半)
上末,每服二钱,陈皮煎汤调下。(《直指》)(按∶此本《选奇后集》宽气汤,今去杏仁,加苏子、木
香。)
四磨汤,治气滞腹急,大便秘涩(方见诸气病)。有热者,加大黄、枳壳,名六磨汤。(《得效》)
皂角丸,治大肠有风,大便秘结,年高之人宜服。
皂角子(炙去子) 枳壳(去穣面炒)
上等分为末,炼蜜丸如梧子大,每服七十丸,空心食前米饮下。(同上)
平胃丸,治病久虚弱,厌厌不能食,而脏腑或秘或溏,此胃气虚弱也。常服,和中消痰去湿,及浓肠胃,
进饮食。
浓朴(一两) 白术(一两二钱) 陈皮(八钱去白) 木香 生半夏(汤洗一两) 槟榔(二钱半)
枳实(五分) 甘草(三钱炙)
上为细末,姜汁浸蒸饼为丸,如桐子大,每服三五十丸,生姜汤或温水下。(《保命》)
温利诸方 苏感丸,治气秘不大便,用紫苏、橘皮煎汤下,或枳壳汤送下。苏合香四分,感应六分,
研和另丸。大凡腹痛而呕,欲利其大便,诸药皆吐,惟苏感丸用姜汁泡汤下最妙。(《直指》)
治大便不通,巴豆丸方。
巴豆(十枚去皮心膜)
上一味,以醋一盏,煮一 久,取出烂研,用饭半匙同研匀细,丸为七十粒,每服三粒,空心煮粟米饮下,
良久呷热茶,汤投即通。(《圣济》)
驱风丸,治大便不通,或年高风秘。
皂角(七定炮 水两碗) 巴豆(四十九粒去壳心膜) 枳壳(一两)
上以皂角 水煮干为度,去巴不用,炒枳壳为细末,入木香半两,蜜丸如梧桐子大,每服三十丸,空心白汤
下。(《朱氏》)又南木香丸,治大便秘结,于本方加槟榔、麻仁。(《袖珍》引《圣惠》,今无考。)
妙应丸,治气虚有冷,大便不通。
金液丹 半硫丸(等分)
上二味皆妙,每服五七十丸,空心米饮下。(《鸡峰》)(按∶《续易简》来复丹下曰∶金液丹乃独体硫
黄,具治虚滑下利,最为有准。而本条亦未尝有通利大肠之说。独《海药记》云∶硫黄主老人风秘。夫老人腑脏
虚寒,血气涩滞,所以大便多秘。硫黄大热,服此可使腑脏温和,气血流行,糟粕亦自然而通,非谓硫黄本性
能利也。)
半硫丸,治年高风秘冷秘,心腹一切 癖冷气,暖元气,止泄泻,进饮食。
硫黄(研细) 半夏(汤洗七次焙干为末)
上等分,以生姜汁同熬炊饼、末,搅匀,杵数百下,丸如梧子大,空心温酒、姜汤下三十丸。(《三因》)
养正丹,若年高之人,大腑寒秘者,尤宜服之。黑锡丹、来复丹亦此类,用亦甚效。(《易简》)
外治诸方 治大便秘塞不通神方。猪羊胆无在(按∶此二字当考),以筒灌三合许,令深入即出矣。出
不尽,须臾更灌。一方加冬葵子汁和之,亦妙。(《千金》)陈藏器
《本草》云∶主大便不通,取猪羊胆,以苇筒着胆,缚一头,内下部,入三寸灌之,入腹立下。(《本草·开
宝》引)(按∶《肘后》土瓜根注筒吹,出《关格》中,当参。盖诸家导法颇伙,愚于《药治通义》中既辨之,
仍不繁载。)痘疮余毒郁热,结滞于大小肠之间,而大便闭结不通,令人口含香油,以小竹筒一筒套入肛门,以
油吹入肛门。过半时许,病者自云∶其油入肠内,如蚯蚓渐渐上行。再过片时许,下黑粪一二升止,困睡而安。
(《正传》)(按∶此即上方之意,殊为便易,仍附之。)
治伤寒后,大便不通,并吃转泻药后,腹股转胀不通利方。
盐(半斤)
上一味熬令色变,用醋浆水二斗,煎五七沸,下盐搅匀,泻入盆中,看冷暖得所,令病患盆中坐,淋浴少腹,
须臾便通。(《圣济》)
调摄法 时复服葵菜、菠菜、猪羊血,自然通利也。《内经》云,以滑养窍是也。(《治病百法》)
(按∶以滑养窍出《周官·疡医》。)
(前文引用了某位医家的言论,《医读》中记载。宜参考《积聚》篇的内容。)
清利诸方
三黄汤,治疗下焦热结导致的大便不通。
大黄(三两) 黄芩(二两) 甘草(一两) 栀子(十四枚)
以上四味药,切碎,用水五升,煮取一升八合,分三次服用。如果大便极度秘结,加芒硝二两。(出自《千金方》)
芎黄丸,治疗风热壅盛引起的头晕、目赤、大便艰难。
川芎 大黄(选用锦纹者。用无灰酒一碗,慢火煮至酒尽,焙干。各二两。)
以上药物研为细末,炼蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸剂,每次服用二十丸,饭后用温热水送服。(出自《杨氏家藏方》)(《本事方》中的川芎丸含有皂角,详见《痰涎》篇。)
《经验后方》解风热,疏泄积滞风热壅塞,消食化气导血,解除大便秘结壅滞。大黄四两,牵牛子四两半(生熟各半),研为细末,炼蜜制成桐子大小的丸剂,每次服用十丸,茶水下。如果想要轻微通便,服用十五丸。冬季最适宜服用,且不扰动人体正气。(出自《本草纲目》引文)《十形三疗》中的牛黄通膈丸,是在本方基础上加木通。《宝鉴》中的全真丸,由金宣宗赐名保安丸,治疗五脏积热,洗涤肠道垢浊。本方用皂角水浸泡,加入萝卜切片同熬,投入药末制丸。(《得效方》中不用萝卜,名为皂角膏,治疗肾经有热导致的阴囊红肿刺痛、大便秘涩。)《保命集》中的大黄牵牛散,治疗相火之气游走脏腑引起的大便秘结,本方为散剂。(按:《拔萃方·洁古家珍》中名为牛黄散,治疗上焦热盛、脏腑秘结。)《纲目》记载:凡使用大黄半两至一两,而大便仍不通利的,加入少许麝香调入药中,则大便必然通畅排出。(出自大黄牵牛散条下。)
如果是由于膏粱厚味积热所致,使用加味清胃散。(出自《六要》)(按:清胃散方见齿间出血篇。所谓加味,考证其《齿痛门》,是加大黄、石膏。)
治疗大便不通(张选卿屡试有效)。
朱砂(研如飞面五钱) 真芦荟(研细七钱)
滴入好酒少许和丸,每次服用一钱二分,用好酒吞服,早晨服用晚上通便,晚上服用早晨通便。最好在晴天配制。(出自《广笔记》)《时方歌括》中称为更衣丸。
散发大便不通方。
生地黄汁(五合) 大黄 甘草(炙,各半两)
以上三味药,切碎,用水三升,煮取一升,加入地黄汁,再煮三沸,分两次服用。(出自《千金翼方》)(按:此方原本用于治疗服用石药后的副作用,但也适用于燥热秘涩,所以《观聚方》将其列出并加以说明。)
四顺饮子,治疗大便不通,面目身体发热,口舌生疮,上焦闷胀,时常想要冷饮。这是三阳之气壅滞,热邪并入大肠,脉象洪大。
大黄 赤芍药 甘草 当归(等分)
以上药物为粗末,每次服用五钱,水一盏半,煎至一盏,温服,以大便通畅为度。(出自《鸡峰普济方》)(按:此方原本出自《肘后备急方·小儿》篇,若有多温壮热实证,可治疗各种疾病。)
玉烛散,由四物汤、承气汤、朴硝各等分组成,水煎去渣,饭前服用。(出自《三法六门》)
神功丸,治疗三焦气机壅滞,心腹痞闷,六腑风热,大便不通,津液内枯,大肠干涩,里急后重,或下鲜血。
大黄(三两) 人参(半两) 麻仁(五两,研碎) 诃子皮(炮制取二两)
以上药物杵研为细末,炼蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸剂,每次服用二十丸,温水送服,每日三次,以大便通畅为度。(出自《活人书》)(按:此方原本是《外台秘要》近效加减麻仁丸,治疗多年患气病,不能饮食,兼有食物不消化,风气冷气热气冲上及癖气方。)《选奇后集》中的加味神功丸,加入了木香、枳实、桃仁。
润肠汤,治疗大便秘涩,连续多日不通。
柏子仁(一盏半,细研,用水浸泡,滤去皮,取浓汁。) 脂麻(半盏,微炒,研碎,用水浸泡,取浓汁。) 桃仁(汤浸,去皮尖,麸炒黄熟,取一两,研如泥。) 荆芥穗(捣末,一两。)
以上药物煮沸数次,加入少许盐,像煎茶一样,不可煎过头,随意饮用,以大便通畅为度,饭前服用。(出自《杨氏家藏方》)
通幽汤,治疗大便困难,幽门不通,上冲吸门不开,噎塞不便燥秘,气不得下行,治疗重点在幽门,用辛润之法。
炙甘草 红花(以上各一分) 生地黄 熟地黄(以上各五分) 升麻 桃仁泥 当归身(以上各一钱)
以上药物为一服的量,水两大盏,煎至一盏,去渣,调入槟榔细末五分,稍热,饭前服用。(出自《兰室秘藏》)又润燥汤,在本方基础上加大黄(煨)、麻仁,用生甘草,去槟榔。(又名润肠汤。)
麻子苏子粥,紫苏子、大麻子二味各半合,洗净研极细,用水再次研磨取汁一盏,分两次煮粥食用。此粥不仅产后可以服用,大抵老人诸虚之人及风秘皆有效力。曾有一位贵人母亲,八十四岁,忽然腹部胀满头痛,恶心不想进食。召集多位医生商议,都建议服用补脾进食、治风清利头目的药物,数日后病情加重,完全无法进食。家人忧虑恐惧,请我辨析。我诊察后说:药都用错了。此病只是老人风秘,脏腑壅滞,聚于膈中,则腹胀恶心不喜欢进食,又上至于头顶,则头痛神志不清。如果能让脏腑流畅,所有疾病都会去除。我令制作此粥,喝了两碗后气机泄降,先排出如胡椒大小的硬屎十余枚,后来逐渐通畅,不用药而自愈。(出自《本事方》)(按:据《资生经》,此方原本出自《必用方》。)
赤小豆散,治疗大便秘结。(出自《鸡峰普济方》)(按:即赤小豆当归散。)
华佗方说:有一种病叫“日食二斗米”,到了二百天不大便,也没有其他痛苦,这是什么病?这叫做谷瘦。谷气津液上升通道受阻,虽然看似无病,但下关不通,不可长久,治疗方如下。
葛根(五斤) 猪脂肪(三斤)
以上两味药,葛根细锉洗净,用水三斗一起煎煮,得一斗半,去渣,再煎其汁,得到七升后,取猪脂肪切块煎成膏,放入葛根汁中,煎至混合成四升左右,每次服用二升,两天服完,下关通畅,营卫滋润,服药期间没有禁忌。服用此药,开通六腑,应当排便。(出自《医心方》)(按:《千金方》中的濡脏汤,主治大便不通,使用生葛根、猪膏、大黄,其用意与此相同。)
疏利疏气诸方(附和胃方)
治疗妇人肠胃风结,大便常秘,大麻仁丸方。
大麻仁(二两,另捣如膏) 川大黄(二两,锉碎微炒) 槟榔(一两) 木香(一两) 枳壳(一两,面炒微黄去瓤)
以上药物捣罗为末,加入大麻仁同研令均匀,以炼蜜和丸,如梧桐子大小,每天空腹用温水送服二十丸。(出自《太平圣惠方》)
治疗大肠实热,气盛上壅,腹胀烦闷不通,槟榔散方。
槟榔(一两) 大黄(三分,锉碎炒) 甘草(半两,炙) 朴硝(半两)
以上四味药,捣罗为散,每次服用二钱,水一中盏,加入生姜少许,蜜一匙头,同煎至六分,去渣热服,饭后服用。(出自《济众方》)
百顺丸,治疗一切阳邪积滞。凡是气积、血积、虫积、食积、伤寒、实热、秘结等证,只需分别作为汤引,随宜送下,无往不利。
川大黄(锦纹者一片) 牙皂角(炒微黄一两六钱)
以上为末,用汤浸蒸饼捣丸,绿豆大小,每次用五分,或一钱,或二、三钱,酌情用引送下,或用蜜为丸也可以。(出自《景岳全书》)
降气汤(即苏子降气汤),大便秘者,仍用此药配合黑锡丹、养正丹等药服用。少年气盛,大便秘,上壅,脾胃素壮者,用此药配合神功丸、三黄丸服用。(出自《易简方》)苏子降气汤,治疗气滞妨闷,痰盛便秘。(出自《医学入门必读》)(按:此系本方加沉香。)
宽快汤,治疗气不升降,大腑秘滞。
香附(杵净二两) 天台乌药(去心) 枳壳(制,各一两半) 缩砂(七钱半) 苏子(炒半两) 青木香(三钱) 甘草(炙七钱半)
以上为末,每次服用二钱,陈皮煎汤调下。(出自《直指方》)(按:此原本出自《选奇后集》宽气汤,今去掉杏仁,加入苏子、木香。)
四磨汤,治疗气滞腹急,大便秘涩(方见诸气病篇)。有热者,加大黄、枳壳,名为六磨汤。(出自《得效方》)
皂角丸,治疗大肠有风,大便秘结,年高之人适宜服用。
皂角子(炙去子) 枳壳(去穣面炒)
以上等分为末,炼蜜丸如梧子大小,每次服用七十丸,空腹饭前米饮送下。(同上)
平胃丸,治疗病久虚弱,食欲不振,而脏腑或秘或溏,这是胃气虚弱所致。常服,可和中消痰去湿,及厚肠胃,增进饮食。
浓朴(一两) 白术(一两二钱) 陈皮(八钱,去白) 木香 生半夏(汤洗一两) 槟榔(二钱半) 枳实(五分) 甘草(三钱,炙)
以上为细末,姜汁浸蒸饼为丸,如桐子大小,每次服用三五十丸,生姜汤或温水送下。(出自《保命集》)
温利诸方
苏感丸,治疗气秘不大便,用紫苏、橘皮煎汤送下,或枳壳汤送下。苏合香四分,感应六分,研和另丸。大凡腹痛而呕,欲利其大便,诸药皆吐,惟苏感丸用姜汁泡汤下最妙。(出自《直指方》)
治疗大便不通,巴豆丸方。
巴豆(十枚,去皮心膜)
以上一味药,用醋一盏,煮很久,取出烂研,用饭半匙同研匀细,丸为七十粒,每次服用三粒,空腹煮粟米饮送下,良久呷热茶,汤投即通。(出自《圣济总录》)
驱风丸,治疗大便不通,或年高风秘。
皂角(七定炮,水两碗) 巴豆(四十九粒,去壳心膜) 枳壳(一两)
以上以皂角水煮干为度,去巴豆不用,炒枳壳为细末,入木香半两,蜜丸如梧桐子大小,每次服用三十丸,空腹白汤送下。(出自《朱氏集验方》)又南木香丸,治疗大便秘结,在本方基础上加槟榔、麻仁。(出自《袖珍方》引《圣惠方》,今无考。)
妙应丸,治疗气虚有冷,大便不通。
金液丹 半硫丸(等分)
以上二味皆妙,每次服用五七十丸,空腹米饮送下。(出自《鸡峰普济方》)(按:《续易简方》来复丹条下说:金液丹乃独体硫黄,具治虚滑下利,最为有准。而本条亦未尝有通利大肠之说。独《海药记》云:硫黄主老人风秘。夫老人腑脏虚寒,血气涩滞,所以大便多秘。硫黄大热,服此可使腑脏温和,气血流行,糟粕亦自然而通,非谓硫黄本性能利也。)
半硫丸,治疗年高风秘冷秘,心腹一切癖冷气,暖元气,止泄泻,进饮食。
硫黄(研细) 半夏(汤洗七次焙干为末)
以上等分,以生姜汁同熬炊饼、末,搅匀,杵数百下,丸如梧子大小,空腹温酒、姜汤送下三十丸。(出自《三因极一病证方论》)
养正丹,若年高之人,大腑寒秘者,尤其适宜服用。黑锡丹、来复丹亦此类,用亦甚效。(出自《易简方》)
外治诸方
治疗大便秘塞不通神方。猪羊胆无论哪种,用筒灌入三合许,令深入肛门即出矣。若排不尽,须臾更灌。一方加冬葵子汁和之,亦妙。(出自《千金方》)陈藏器《本草》云:主大便不通,取猪羊胆,以苇筒着胆,缚一头,内下部,入三寸灌之,入腹立下。(出自《本草·开宝本草》引)(按:《肘后备急方》土瓜根注筒吹,出自《关格》篇,当参看。盖诸家导法颇伙,愚于《药治通义》中既辨之,仍不繁载。)痘疮余毒郁热,结滞于大小肠之间,而大便闭结不通,令人口含香油,以小竹筒一筒套入肛门,以油吹入肛门。过半时许,病者自云:其油入肠内,如蚯蚓渐渐上行。再过片时许,下黑粪一二升止,困睡而安。(出自《正传》)(按:此即上方之意,殊为便易,仍附之。)
治疗伤寒后,大便不通,并吃转泻药后,腹股转胀不通利方。
盐(半斤)
以上一味药熬令色变,用醋浆水二斗,煎五七沸,下盐搅匀,泻入盆中,看冷暖得所,令病患盆中坐,淋浴少腹,须臾便通。(出自《圣济总录》)
调摄法
时常服用葵菜、菠菜、猪羊血,自然通利也。《内经》云,以滑养窍是也。(出自《治病百法》)(按:以滑养窍出自《周官·疡医》。)
(Quoting a physician's statement. Recorded in *Yidu*. Refer to the section on "Accumulation and Mass" for details.)
Formulas for Clearing and Purging Heat
**Sanhuang Tang (Three-Yellow Decoction)**: Treats constipation due to heat accumulation in the lower jiao.
* Radix Rhhei Palmatae (Dahuang, 3 liang)
* Radix Scutellariae (Huangqin, 2 liang)
* Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao, 1 liang)
* Fructus Gardeniae (Zhizi, 14 fruits)
Chop the four ingredients. Boil in 5 sheng of water until reduced to 1.8 sheng. Divide into three doses. If constipation is severe, add Natrii Sulfas (Mangxiao, 2 liang). (From *Qianjin Fang*)
**Xionghuang Wan**: Treats dizziness, red eyes, and difficult defecation caused by abundant wind-heat obstruction.
* Rhizoma Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong)
* Radix Rhhei Palmatae (Dahuang): Select those with "brocade patterns". Simmer in one bowl of pure wine over slow fire until the wine is evaporated, then dry. Use 2 liang each.
Grind into fine powder. Mix with refined honey to make pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 20 pills per dose with warm water after meals. (From *Yangshi Jiacang Fang*) (*Benshi Fang*'s Xiongxiong Wan contains Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina (Zaojiao), see the section on Phlegm-Saliva.)
**Jingyan Houfang Formula**: Resolves wind-heat, disperses accumulated wind-heat obstruction, promotes digestion, moves qi and blood, and relieves severe constipation.
* Radix Rhhei Palmatae (Dahuang, 4 liang)
* Semen Kochiae (Qianniuzi, 4.5 liang, half raw, half processed)
Grind into powder. Mix with refined honey to make pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 10 pills with tea water per dose. To induce mild purgation, take 15 pills. Most suitable for winter use; it does not disturb the body's righteous qi. (Cited from *Bencao Gangmu*) **Niuhuang Tongge Wan** in *Shixing Sanliao* adds Caulis Akebiae (Mutong) to this formula. **Quanzhen Wan** (also known as Bao'an Wan, named by Emperor Xuanzong of Jin) in *Baojian* treats heat accumulation in the five zang organs and cleans intestinal filth. This formula uses Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina (Zaojiao) soaked in water, boiled with sliced radish, mixed with herb powder to make pills. (*Defang* version omits radish, named Zaojiao Gao, treats heat in the Kidney meridian causing red, swollen, and painful scrotum with constipation.) **Dahuang Qianni San** in *Baoming Ji* treats wandering pathogenic fire qi causing constipation; this formula is prepared as a powder. (Note: Named Niuhuang San in *Bacui Fang*, treats upper jiao heat and organ constipation.) *Gangmu* records: When using 0.5 to 1 liang of Dahuang without relief, add a small amount of Moschus (Shexiang) to the medicine, which will ensure bowel movement. (Under Dahuang Qianni San)
For heat accumulation from rich foods, use **Jiawei Qingwei San**. (From *Liuyao*) (Note: Qingwei San is found under bleeding gums. The "modified" version adds Dahuang and Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), verified from the Toothache section.)
**Treatment for Constipation** (Repeatedly effective by Zhang Xuanqing).
* Cinnabar (Zhusha, ground like flour, 5 qian)
* Aloe Vera (Luhui, finely ground, 7 qian)
Add a little good wine to form pills. Take 1.2 qian per dose swallowed with good wine. Morning dose leads to evening evacuation; evening dose leads to morning evacuation. Best compounded on sunny days. (From *Guang Biji*) Named **Gengyi Wan** in *Shifang Gekuo*.
Formulas for Moistening and Purging Dryness
**Formula for Dispersing Exterior and Relieving Constipation**.
* Juice of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata (Shengdihuang Zhi, 5 he)
* Radix Rhhei Palmatae (Dahuang)
* Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Zhigancao, 0.5 liang each)
Chop the three ingredients. Boil in 3 sheng of water until reduced to 1 sheng. Add Rehmannia juice, boil three more times. Divide into two doses. (From *Qianjin Yifang*) (Note: Originally for treating side effects of mineral drugs, but also suitable for dry-heat constipation, hence listed in *Guanju Fang*.)
**Sishun Yinzi**: Treats constipation, fever of face/eyes/body, mouth/tongue sores, upper jiao oppression, desire for cold drinks. This is yang qi obstruction with heat merging into the Large Intestine, pulse is flooding and large.
* Radix Rhhei Palmatae (Dahuang)
* Radix Paeoniae Rubra (Chishaoyao)
* Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao)
* Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui) (Equal parts)
Make coarse powder. Take 5 qian per dose with 1.5 cups of water, decoct to 1 cup. Take warm. Stop when bowels move. (From *Jifeng Puji Fang*) (Note: Originally from *Zhouhou Beiji Fang · Pediatrics*, applicable for various diseases with excess heat.)
**Yuzhu San**: Equal parts of Siwu Tang, Chengqi Tang, and Mirabilite (Puxiao). Decoct in water, remove dregs, take before meals. (From *Sanfa Liumen*)
**Shengong Wan**: Treats triple-jiao qi obstruction, epigastric fullness, six fu organs' wind-heat, constipation, internal fluid depletion, dry Large Intestine, tenesmus, or fresh blood in stool.
* Radix Rhhei Palmatae (Dahuang, 3 liang)
* Radix Ginseng (Renshen, 0.5 liang)
* Semen Cannabis (Maren, 5 liang, crushed)
* Pericarpium Terminaliae Chebulae (Hezipi, roasted, 2 liang)
Grind to fine powder. Mix with refined honey to make paulownia seed-sized pills. Take 20 pills with warm water, three times daily. Stop when bowels move. (From *Huo Ren Shu*) (Note: Based on modified Maren Wan from *Waitai Mi Yao*, treating chronic qi disease, anorexia, indigestion, and rising wind/cold/heat qi.) **Jiawei Shengong Wan** in *Xuanqi Houji* adds Costus Root (Muxiang), Immature Bitter Orange (Zhishi), and Peach Kernel (Taoren).
**Runchang Tang**: Treats severe constipation lasting several days.
* Semen Platycladi (Baiziren, 1.5 cups, finely ground, soaked in water, skin removed, thick juice extracted)
* Sesame (Zhima, 0.5 cup, lightly stir-fried, ground, soaked in water, thick juice extracted)
* Peach Kernel (Taoren, soaked in hot water, skin and tip removed, stir-fried with bran until yellow, 1 liang, ground to paste)
* Schizonepeta Spike (Jingjisui, pounded to powder, 1 liang)
Boil these ingredients briefly. Add a little salt. Prepare like tea. Do not over-boil. Drink freely until bowels move. Take before meals. (From *Yangshi Jiacang Fang*)
**Tongyou Tang**: Treats difficult defecation, pyloric obstruction, failure of Huxmen opening, dysphagia, dry constipation, qi failing to descend. Treatment focuses on the pylorus using acrid-moistening methods.
* Prepared Licorice Root (Zhigancao, 1 fen)
* Safflower (Honghua, 1 fen)
* Raw Rehmannia Root (Shengdihuang, 5 fen)
* Cooked Rehmannia Root (Shudihuang, 5 fen)
* Cimicifuga Rhizome (Shengma, 1 qian)
* Peach Kernel Paste (Taoren ni, 1 qian)
* Angelica Sinensis Body (Danggui shen, 1 qian)
One dose. Boil in 2 large cups of water until reduced to 1 cup. Strain. Mix with 0.5 fen of Areca Seed (Binglang) powder. Take slightly warm before meals. (From *Lanshi Micang*) **Runzao Tang** adds baked Dahuang and Maren, uses raw Gancao, removes Binglang. (Also named Runchang Tang.)
**Mazi Suzi Zhou (Hemp and Perilla Porridge)**: Half a he each of Perilla Seed (Zisuzi) and Hemp Seed (Damaizi). Wash clean, grind extremely fine. Grind again with water to extract 1 cup of juice. Cook into porridge and eat in two portions. Suitable for postpartum women, elderly with deficiency, and wind-induced constipation. Case: An 84-year-old noblewoman suffered abdominal distension, headache, nausea, and anorexia. Physicians prescribed spleen-tonifying and wind-clearing herbs, worsening her condition. I diagnosed wind constipation with organ obstruction. Prescribed this porridge. After two bowls, gas passed, hard feces resembling peppercorns were expelled, followed by gradual relief without further medication. (From *Benshi Fang*) (Note: According to *Zisheng Jing*, originally from *Bi Yong Fang*.)
**Chixiaodou San**: Treats severe constipation. (From *Jifeng Puji Fang*) (Note: Same as Chixiaodou Danggui San.)
**Hua Tuo's Formula**: Describes a condition where one eats two dou of rice daily but has no bowel movement for 200 days without other discomfort. This is called "Grain Emaciation." Grain qi fluids fail to descend. Although seemingly healthy, the lower gate is blocked. Treatment:
* Kudzu Root (Gegen, 5 jin)
* Pig Fat (Zhufang, 3 jin)
Finely chop Gegen, wash, and decoct in 3 dou of water until reduced to 1.5 dou. Strain. Re-decoct the liquid to 7 sheng. Fry pig fat until it becomes ointment. Mix into Gegen liquid, decoct until mixture reaches about 4 sheng. Take 2 sheng per dose, finish within two days. This opens the lower gate, nourishes Ying and Wei, and induces defecation. No dietary restrictions during treatment. (From *Ishinpo*) (Note: Similar intent to *Qianjin Fang*'s Ruzang Tang using Gegen, pig grease, and Dahuang.)
Formulas for Regulating Qi and Promoting Movement (Including Stomach-Harmonizing Formulas)
**Dama Ren Wan**: For women with wind-binding in intestines/stomach and chronic constipation.
* Hemp Seed (Dama ren, 2 liang, pounded to paste separately)
* Rhubarb (Chuan Dahuang, 2 liang, chopped and lightly stir-fried)
* Areca Seed (Binglang, 1 liang)
* Costus Root (Muxiang, 1 liang)
* Immature Bitter Orange (Zhiqiao, 1 liang, stir-fried with flour until light yellow, pith removed)
Grind to powder, mix with hemp paste. Honey-pill paulownia seed-sized. Take 20 pills with warm water on empty stomach daily. (From *Taiping Shenghui Fang*)
**Binglang San**: For excess heat in Large Intestine, excessive qi rising, abdominal distension and oppression.
* Areca Seed (Binglang, 1 liang)
* Rhubarb (Dahuang, 3 fen, chopped and fried)
* Licorice (Gancao, 0.5 liang, roasted)
* Mirabilite (Puxiao, 0.5 liang)
Grind to powder. Take 2 qian per dose with 1 cup of water, add little ginger and a spoonful of honey. Decoct to 0.6 cup. Strain and take hot after meals. (From *Jizhong Fang*)
**Baishun Wan**: Treats all yang pathogen accumulations (qi, blood, parasite, food, cold damage, excess heat, constipation). Take with appropriate decoctions based on the syndrome.
* Rhubarb (Chuan Dahuang, brocade pattern piece)
* Gleditsia Spine (Ya Zaojiao, stir-fried light yellow, 1.6 liang)
Grind to powder. Soak steamed bread dough in water, pound into pills the size of mung beans. Take 0.5 qian, 1 qian, or 2-3 qian depending on need, with appropriate guiding decoction. Can also be honey-pilled. (From *Jingyue Quanshu*)
**Jiangqi Tang** (Same as Suzi Jiangqi Tang): For constipation, combine with Heixi Dan or Yangzheng Dan. For young people with strong qi, constipation, and robust spleen/stomach, combine with Shengong Wan or Sanhuang Wan. (From *Yijian Fang*) **Suzi Jiangqi Tang** treats qi stagnation oppression, phlegm abundance, and constipation. (From *Yixue Rudu*) (Note: This is the base formula plus Agarwood Chenxiang.)
**Kuaikuai Tang**: Treats qi failing to ascend/descend and large intestine stagnation.
* Cyperus Rhizome (Xiangfu, pounded clean, 2 liang)
* Tiantai Litsea Fruit (Tiantai Weyu, heart removed)
* Immature Bitter Orange (Zhiqiao, processed, 1.5 liang each)
* Amomum Fruit (Suosha, 0.75 liang)
* Perilla Seed (Zisuzi, stir-fried, 0.5 liang)
* Aquilaria Wood (Qingmuxiang, 3 qian)
* Licorice (Zhigancao, roasted, 0.75 liang)
Powder. Take 2 qian per dose with Tangerine Peel (Chenpi) decoction. (From *Zhizhi Fang*) (Note: From *Xuanqi Houji* Kuanqi Tang, removed Apricot Kernel, added Zisuzi and Muxiang.)
**Simotu Tang**: Treats qi stagnation with abdominal urgency and constipation. (See Qi Diseases section.) For heat cases, add Dahuang and Zhiquiao, named **Liumo Tang**. (From *Defang Fang*)
**Zaojiao Wan**: For wind in Large Intestine and constipation, suitable for the elderly.
* Gleditsia Seed (Zaojiao zi, roasted, pod removed)
* Immature Bitter Orange (Zhiquiao, pith removed, stir-fried with flour)
Equal parts powder. Honey-pill paulownia seed-sized. Take 70 pills with rice water on empty stomach before meals. (Same source)
**Pingwei Wan**: For chronic illness weakness, poor appetite, alternating constipation/diarrhea due to weak stomach qi. Regular use harmonizes middle, resolves phlegm-dampness, thickens intestines/stomach, and improves appetite.
* Magnolia Bark (Nanpu, 1 liang)
* Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu, 1.2 liang)
* Tangerine Peel (Chenpi, 0.8 liang, white pith removed)
* Costus Root (Muxiang)
* Pinellia Tuber (Sheng Banxia, washed in water, 1 liang)
* Areca Seed (Binglang, 0.25 liang)
* Immature Bitter Orange (Zhishi, 0.05 liang)
* Licorice (Zhigancao, roasted, 0.3 liang)
Fine powder. Steamed bread dough soaked in Ginger Juice (Jiangzhi). Pill paulownia seed-sized. Take 30-50 pills with Ginger Soup or warm water. (From *Baoming Ji*)
Warming and Purging Formulas
**Sugan Wan**: For qi-type constipation. Take with Perilla/Tangerine Peel decoction or Zhiquiao decoction. Suhe Xiang (Styrax) 4 fen, Yinggan 6 fen, mix and pill separately. For abdominal pain with vomiting and desire to purge, if other herbs cause vomiting, Sugan Wan taken with Ginger Juice decoction is best. (From *Zhizhi Fang*)
**Badou Wan**: For constipation.
* Croton Seed (Badou, 10 seeds, peel and membrane removed)
Soak in 1 cup vinegar, boil until soft. Pound into paste. Mix with half a spoonful of rice to form 70 pills. Take 3 pills on empty stomach with Millet Decoction. Wait a while, drink hot tea. Bowels will open. (From *Shengji Zonglu*)
**Qufeng Wan**: For constipation or elderly wind-constipation.
* Gleditsia Spine (Zaojiao, 7 units, roasted, boiled in 2 bowls water)
* Croton Seed (Badou, 49 seeds, shell/membrane removed)
* Immature Bitter Orange (Zhiquiao, 1 liang)
Boil Zaojiao in water until dry. Remove Badou. Stir-fry Zhiquiao to powder. Add Muxiang (0.5 liang). Honey-pill paulownia seed-sized. Take 30 pills with plain water on empty stomach. (From *Zhushi Jiyian Fang*) **Nanmuxiang Wan** adds Binglang and Maren. (From *Xiuzhen Fang* citing *Shenghui Fang*, currently unverified.)
**Miaoying Wan**: For qi deficiency with cold causing constipation.
* Jinye Dan
* Banshu Wan (Equal parts)
Take 50-70 pills on empty stomach with rice water. (From *Jifeng Puji Fang*) (Note: *Xu Yijian Fang* states Jinye Dan is pure Sulfur, used for deficiency-cold diarrhea. It doesn't explicitly state it purges the Large Intestine. *Haiyao Ji* says Sulfur treats elderly wind-constipation. Elderly have deficient-cold organs and stagnant qi/blood, leading to constipation. Sulfur is hot; it warms organs, promotes qi/blood flow, allowing natural passage of waste, rather than having a direct laxative nature.)
**Banshu Wan**: For elderly wind/cold constipation, abdominal masses/cold qi, warming primal qi, stopping diarrhea, improving appetite.
* Sulfur (Huangshi, finely ground)
* Pinellia Tuber (Banxia, washed 7 times in water, dried, powdered)
Equal parts. Cook with Ginger Juice and steamed bread dough/powder. Pound hundreds of times. Pill paulownia seed-sized. Take 30 pills with warm wine or Ginger Soup on empty stomach. (From *Sanyuan Jiyi Bingzheng Fanlun*)
**Yangzheng Dan**: Especially suitable for elderly with cold-type constipation. Heixi Dan and Laifu Dan are similar and effective. (From *Yijian Fang*)
External Treatments
**Divine Formula for Severe Constipation**: Pig or Sheep Gallbladder. Insert a tube into the gallbladder, insert ~3 he into the anus, then remove. If not fully evacuated, repeat after a moment. Adding Winter Melon Seed (Dongkuizi) juice is also effective. (From *Qianjin Fang*) Chen Zangqi's *Bencao* states: For constipation, attach a reed tube to the gallbladder, insert 3 cun into the anus, and irrigate. Evacuation follows quickly. (Cited from *Kaibao Bencao*) (Note: *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* mentions using Trichosanthes root juice blown via tube, see Guan Ge section. Various enema methods exist; discussed in *Yaozhi Tongyi*, not repeated here.) For residual toxin heat from smallpox/chickenpox causing constipation, have patient hold sesame oil in mouth. Insert small bamboo tube into anus and blow oil in. After half an hour, patient feels oil moving up like an earthworm. After another short while, 1-2 sheng of black stool is passed, followed by restful sleep. (From *Zhengchuan*) (Note: Similar to above, very convenient, included here.)
**Formula for Post-Febrile Disease Constipation or Abdominal Distension after Purgatives**.
* Salt (Yan, 0.5 jin)
Heat salt until color changes. Decoct in 2 dou of Vinegar Water (Cujiangshui) for 5-7 boils. Pour salt solution into a basin. Adjust temperature comfortably. Patient sits in basin, bathing the lower abdomen. Bowels will open shortly. (From *Shengji Zonglu*)
Regulation Methods
Frequently consume Malva (Kuicai), Spinach (Bo cai), and Pig/Sheep Blood. Natural lubrication occurs. *Neijing* states: "Nourish orifices with slippery substances." (From *Zhibai Baifa*) (Note: "Nourish orifices with slippery substances" originates from *Zhouli · Yangyi*.)