有虚证，或不耐劳苦而微劳即发者亦有虚证，当以脉证辨之。凡治虚疝，当察其虚在阴分，或在阳分。若虚中
挟滞者，加以疏导之药，如川楝、茴香、枳实、山楂、栀子之属，酌其宜而佐用之。（《景岳》）
大抵疝之为证，受热则缓纵不收，受寒则牵引作痛，受湿则肿胀累垂，虚者亦然。三者之间，分其孰多孰
少而为施治。在血分者不移，在气分者多动。往往有左丸偏胀而移于右丸者，亦有右丸偏胀而移于左丸者，皆
是气分之病。若积年痛发，不胀大而不能动移者，方是血分之病。屡发屡更其处者，当是厥阴风木为患。肿极
而不甚痛者，当是太阴湿土为患。又上引者，宜用桂枝、吴萸、茴香等辛热治之。下坠者。宜用川楝、黄柏、
苍术、香附苦燥治之。又痛处热而不欲人按者，湿热也。痛处寒而喜人按摩者，寒积也。以此明辨，万无差误
矣。（《医通》）
七疝 七疝者，厥疝、 疝、寒疝、气疝、盘疝、 疝、野狼疝，此名七疝也。厥逆心痛足寒，诸饮食
吐不下，名曰厥疝也。腹中气乍满，心下尽痛，气积如臂，名曰症疝也。寒饮食，即胁下腹中尽痛，名曰寒疝
也。腹中乍满乍减
而痛，名曰气疝也。腹中痛在脐旁，名曰盘疝也。腹中脐下有积聚，名曰 疝也。小腹与阴相引而痛，大便难，
名曰野狼疝也。凡七疝，皆由血气虚弱，饮食寒温不调之所生。（《病源论》）（按∶又有五疝候∶一曰石疝，
二曰血疝，三曰阴疝，四曰妒疝，五曰气疝。而不说其证状，仍不揭出。）
暴心腹厥逆，不得气息，痛达背膂，名曰尸疝。心下坚痛，不可手迫，名曰石疝。脐下坚痛，得寒冷食辄
剧，名曰寒疝。胁下坚痛，大如手，痛时出见，若不痛不见，名曰盘疝。脐下结痛，女人月事不时，名曰血疝。
少腹胀满，引膀胱急痛，名曰脉疝。（《外台》引文仲小器七疝丸主治。）
疝气病者，凡小腹睾丸为肿为痛，止作无时者皆是也。但疝证不一，如《内经》所谓狐疝者，以其出入不
常也。有言 疝者，以其顽肿不仁也。有冲疝者，以其自少腹上冲而痛也。有厥疝者，以结气在阴而气逆为疝
也。有疝瘕者，以少腹冤热而痛，出白，一名曰蛊也。有六经风疝者，如《四时刺逆从论》所言者是也。有小
肠疝者，如《邪气脏腑病形篇》所言者是也。凡此七者，总皆疝之为义。（《景岳》）
七疝之名，《内经》已有冲疝、厥疝、狐疝、 疝、 疝、卒疝、疝瘕之别，而巢氏又立厥、 、寒、气、
盘、 、野狼七名，子和又立寒、水、筋、血、气、狐、 七症，皆与《内经》不同。巢氏怪而不经，已无足论。
即子和之所谓水疝，亦即经之 疝，血疝即经之 疝，气疝即经之厥疝，筋疝即经之疝瘕，子和特更立名目，
以欺世盗名，虽为近代所宗，然学人当以《内经》为主也。（《病机汇论》）（按∶子和七疝，大抵皆 之属，
且、 同字非别证，沈氏此说未为当，姑存之。子和说见次门。）
冲疝 疝者痛也，由阴气积于内，寒气不散，上冲于
心，故使心痛，谓之心疝也。其痛也，或如锥刀所刺，或阴阴而疼，或四肢逆冷，或唇口变青，皆其候也。
（《病源论》）（按∶心疝出《脉要精微论》，而此证即为《骨空论》冲疝，仍标以其称。）
冲疝者，气上冲心下，二便不通，乃寒湿之邪，固结于内，郁积为热，加以客寒触之而发，天台乌药散，
加铁锈水调服，甚则禹攻散加炮姜、枳实、青皮下之。冲疝岁久不除，渐成冲心疝气，证与蛊胀无异，误用攻
伐，胀必转剧，惟辛温健运，庶为合宜，然亦取效良难，至于调理，尤宜详慎。每见食填中脘，浊阴之气上
逆，顷刻告变，业尝见之，此与冲心香港脚不殊也。（《医通》）
疝久成积 诸脏腑受邪，初未能为积聚，邪气留滞不去，乃成积聚。其为病也，或左右胁下如覆杯，
或脐上下如臂，或胃脘间覆大如盘，羸瘦少气，或洒淅寒热，四肢不收，饮食不为肌肤，或累累如桃李，或腹
满呕泄，寒即痛，故云寒疝积聚也。（《病源论》）
凡疝久则成积，盘附脐之上下左右，为 为瘕，作痛不已，或变 癖，或发奔豚。（《证治汇补》）
呕吐 逆气长嘘，中脘停酸，燥闷扰扰，甚而至于呕吐，最为恶候。何则？天一生水，肾实主之。宗
筋聚于阴器，惟借阳明以养之。今脾土不济，肾水上乘，必为酸汁，必为涎饮，荏苒超时，遂成暴吐。医家制
剂之始，皆知肾经恶燥，如苍术、白术、良姜之类，诚不敢发用耳。及其呕吐大作，姜、术辈用之而罔顾。若
犹未也，则吴茱萸、荜茇刚燥等剂又加多焉，虽附子亦用之而救急矣。病势至此，脾土未强，肾水已为之涸，
肾水既涸，脾土又为之焦，往往阴阳不升降，荣卫不流行，大小二便关隔涩闭，而肾汁胃汁皆自
其口出也。如此者大抵不救，临病须当识证，预与病家言之。（《直指》）
久则遂成暴吐，甚则角弓反张，切牙战汗，冷汗流不止者，难治。（《入门》）（宜参后治不可以虚骤补
条《微义》文。）
疫邪夹疝 戴麟郊曰∶疫邪夹疝，其肾囊小腹引痛，全是疝证，当照辨气色神脉舌苔法辨之，一有疫
邪，不必治疝，但治疫而疝自消。若根据常治疝法，用吴萸、桂、附、茴香诸燥品，轻者变为囊痈，重者变为呃
逆哕逆，昏沉而莫救矣。（《瘟疫汇编》）
妇人 疝之为病，不独男子有之，而妇人亦有之。经曰∶有积气在腹中，有厥气，名曰厥疝，女子同法。
又曰∶厥阴所谓 疝，妇人少腹肿也。至若冲疝、疝瘕之属，亦皆男妇之所同病者。然惟睾丸之病，独在男子，
而他则均当详察也，观张子和曰云云（子和说出前疝属肝说），此说诚非谬也。然今人但言男子之疝，而全不
知妇人之疝，殊失之矣。（《景岳》）
戴人且谓妇人亦有疝气，凡血涸不月，少腹有块等症皆是，要不离乎肝经为病。盖肝者藏血主筋，而其气
暴，且善攻冲也。（《金匮翼》）
治宜通宜温 疝气作痛，宜通不宜塞，宜温不宜寒。通谓泻其实，不泻其虚；塞谓补其虚，不补其实。
实者邪气也，虚者正气也。若正气虚极，则先温而后泻；若邪气盛极，则先泻而后补。温者必兼于气，泻者必
兼于寒。寒则入于经而导其邪，温则疏其气，养其正也。（《奇效》）
治不可以虚骤补 顷在徽城日，歙尉宋荀甫，膀胱气作，疼不可忍，医者以刚剂与之，疼愈甚，小
便不通三日
矣，脐下虚胀，心闷。予因候之，见其面赤黑，脉洪大。予曰∶投热药太过，阴阳痞塞，气不得通，为之奈何？
宋尉尚手持四神丹数粒，云医者谓痛不止，更服之。予曰∶若服此定毙，后无悔。渠恳求治。予适有五苓散一
两许，分三服，易其名，用连须葱一茎，茴香一撮，盐一钱，水一盏半，煎七分，令接续三服，中夜下小便如
墨汁者一二升，脐下宽得睡，翌日诊之，脉已平矣，续用 砂丸与之，数日瘥。大抵此疾，因虚得之，不可以虚
而骤用补药。经云∶邪之所凑，其气必虚。留而不去，其病则实。故必先涤所蓄之邪，然后补之，是以诸方多
借巴豆气者，盖谓此也。（《本事》）
小肠气、膀胱奔豚、疝气等疾，皆因肾气虚弱，膀胱久冷，风湿乘之，伤于肾经，气滞不散，小腹刺痛，
肾经偏吊，未可骤服补药，先用疏导发散。（《和剂指南》）
疝病虽始为因虚而得，必邪实迫痛而未下，故当先泻而后补也。至有虚甚迫痛，上为吐逆，或下有遗精者，
此邪实正虚之甚矣，此欲不补可乎。但恐补之则无益，泻之则正气转陷，幸而获生者鲜矣。（《微义》）
治不宜寒凉 治此之法，固不可必其为寒，又不可必其为热。但治初受之邪，必当以温经散寒、行气
除湿为主，切不可早用寒凉，致留邪气，则遗害非浅。及其久也，则有始终以寒者，有因寒郁热者，有元阳受
伤而虚陷日甚者，但当察其形气病气，因病制方。若果有热证热脉，显然外见者，方可治以寒凉。如无热证可
据，而竟云大抵疝由湿热，则无者生之，有者甚之矣。此习俗之通弊，有不可不鉴也。（《景岳》）
治当兼用气药 治疝必先治气，故病名亦曰疝气，非无谓也。盖寒有寒气，热有热气，湿有湿气，逆
有逆气，气在阳
分，则有气中之气，气在阴分，则有血中之气。凡气实者必须破气，气虚者必须补气，故治疝者，必于诸证之
中，俱当兼用气药。（《景岳》）
温散方法（兼滋补）温法有二∶外入之寒，温必兼散；内生之寒，温必以补。子和论疝，多从劳内得之，
然并不立补法。愚谓寒从外入者，其病多实；寒从内生者，其病多虚。设不能辨而概与散法，难免虚虚之咎矣。
余采当归羊肉等方，以补子和之未备，且遵仲景之旧法也。（《金匮翼》）
疝因阴邪凑肾，寒气上攻，小腹结块，下坠睾丸，坚紧如石，得暖渐消，得寒愈胀，其气并入前后腰脐各
道筋中，上攻入胃，则大呕大吐，战栗畏寒，此下焦地气上冲，宜以参、附、姜、桂大剂，非寻常郁热比也。
（《汇补》）
《短剧》解急蜀椒汤，主寒疝气，心痛如刺，绕脐腹中尽痛，白汗出，欲绝方。
蜀椒（二百枚汗） 附子（一枚炮） 粳米（半升） 干姜（半两） 半夏（十二枚洗） 大枣（二十枚）
甘草（一两炙）
上七味切，以水七升，煮取三升，澄清热服一升。不瘥，更服一升。数用疗心腹痛，困急欲死，解结逐寒，
上下痛良。忌猪羊肉、饧、海藻、菘菜。《肘后》、《古今录验》、《范汪方》无甘草，余同。（《外台》）
《圣惠》本方加桂心、生姜。
疝气发作，当再于附子建中汤煎时，加蜜一箸头许，名蜜附子汤。（《易简》）（按∶上文曰∶建中汤，
加附子三分，名附子建中汤。）
治寒疝来去，每发绞痛方。牡蛎、甘草、桂各二两，水五升，煮取一升半，再服。（《肘后》）
半夏汤，治心脾痛，及小肠奔豚等痛患。
吴茱萸（去枝并目） 半夏（汤洗切片） 肉桂（去皮等分）
上 咀三钱重，水一大盏半，生姜十片，同煎八分，去滓热服。（《事证方后集》）
吴茱萸加附子汤。
吴茱萸 生姜（各三钱） 人参（一钱） 大枣（二枚） 附子（二钱）
水煎凉服。寒疝腰痛，牵引睾丸，屈而不伸，尺内脉来沉迟者，此方主之。（《医方考》）
生料五积散，膀胱小肠气痛，加茱萸半钱，盐少许。（《易简》）（《得效》更加茴香。）治醉饱后色欲
不节，触伤小腹，致成疝气，其疝自小腹痛连腰胯下，心头吊痛，额上汗出，根据本方加玄胡索。（《济世
全书》）
羌活附子汤，治感寒表证悉具而寒厥疝痛者，宜与此表里兼调。（《医级》）（系羌活、附子、木香、茴
香、干姜加盐煎，详见《哕》门，宜考。）
沉香散，治寒疝，小腹坚满，攻作不定，时发疼痛，肾虚受邪肿胀，及脏寒气弱，脐常痛。
沉香 附子（各一两） 川楝子（一两半）
上为细末，每服一钱半，水一盏半，生姜三片，枣一个，盐少许，煎至七分，空心服。（《鸡峰》）
玄附汤，治七疝，心腹冷痛，肠鸣气走，身寒自汗，大腑滑泄。
玄胡索（炒去皮） 附子（炮去皮脐各一两） 木香（不见火半两）
上 咀，每服四钱，水一盏半，生姜七片，煎至七分，去滓温服，不拘时候。（《济生》）
神应散，治诸疝，心腹绞痛不可忍。
玄胡索 胡椒（等分）
上为末，每服二大钱，酒半盏，水半盏，煎七分，食前
温服。（《三因》）
当归四逆汤，治脐腹冷痛，相引腰胯而痛。（按∶治验曰∶先灸中庭穴。）
当归尾（七分） 附子（炮） 官桂 茴香（炒） 柴胡（各五分） 芍药（四分） 茯苓 玄胡索 川楝子
（各三分酒煮） 泽泻（二分）
上十味 咀，作一服，水二盏半，煎至一盏，去滓温服，空心食前，数服而愈。（《宝鉴》按∶方后曰∶
泽泻咸平，茯苓甘平，去膀胱中留垢。）
沉香桂附丸，退阴助阳，除脏腑积冷，心腹疼痛，及疗七疝，痛引小腹不可忍，腰屈不能伸，喜热熨稍缓
方。（节录）
沉香 附子（炮去皮脐） 川乌（炮去皮脐切作小块） 干姜（炮） 良姜（炒） 茴香（炒） 官桂 吴茱萸
（各一两汤浸去苦）
上为末，醋糊丸，如梧桐子大，每服五十丸至七八十丸，热米饮汤送下，温酒吞下亦得，空心食前，日二
服。忌冷物。（《宝鉴》）
治疝气神方，其病甚至气上冲，如有物筑塞心脏欲死，手足冷者，二三服除根。
硫黄（不拘多少铫中熔化即投水中出毒研细） 荔枝核（为末炒焦黄色） 陈皮
上三味各等分为末，饭
丸如梧桐子大，每服四五丸，酒下，其痛立止。自已觉疼甚不能支持，略用六丸，再不可多也。（《医学集成》）
（参《正传》录）《医统》名硫黄丸。《皆效方》名玉环笑来丹。（《本草纲目》引。）
奔豚丸。
川楝子（煨去肉一两） 茯苓 橘核（盐酒炒各一两五钱） 肉桂
原文中提到的虚证，有的表现为不能耐受劳累，稍微劳作就会发作。治疗虚疝时，应当辨别其虚弱是在阴分还是阳分。如果体内虚弱兼有气滞血瘀等实邪阻滞，应加入疏导通利的药物，如川楝子、小茴香、枳实、山楂、栀子这类药材，根据具体情况斟酌选用。（引自《景岳全书》）
大抵而言，疝气的病症，受热则筋脉松弛不收，受寒则牵引作痛，受湿则肿胀下垂，虚证也是如此。在这三者之间，需分辨哪方面占主导，从而制定治疗方案。病在血分的，疼痛位置固定不移；病在气分的，疼痛位置多变动。往往出现左侧睾丸偏胀并转移至右侧睾丸的情况，也有右侧偏胀转移至左侧的，这些都是气分病变。若是多年反复发作，不肿胀且位置固定不移的，才是血分病变。屡次发作且疼痛部位不断变化的，应当是厥阴风木为患。肿胀极度严重但疼痛不剧烈的，应当是太阴湿土为患。若疼痛向上牵引的，宜用桂枝、吴茱萸、小茴香等辛热药物治疗。若感觉下坠的，宜用川楝子、黄柏、苍术、香附等苦燥药物治疗。另外，疼痛部位发热且不喜欢被人按压的，属于湿热；疼痛部位发凉且喜欢被人按摩的，属于寒积。以此明确辨别，就不会有误诊了。（引自《医宗必读》或相关医通著作）
七疝，指的是厥疝、疝（此处原文缺字，通常指瘕疝或类似）、寒疝、气疝、盘疝、疝（同上）、野狼疝，这称为七疝。厥逆心痛、足部寒冷、饮食难以下咽，称为厥疝。腹中气突然胀满，心下部完全疼痛，气积聚如手臂粗细，称为症疝（或瘕疝）。进食寒凉食物后，胁下及腹中全部疼痛，称为寒疝。腹中时而胀满时而减轻并伴有疼痛，称为气疝。腹部疼痛位于脐旁，称为盘疝。腹中脐下有积聚肿块，称为疝（原文缺字，可能指癥疝或石疝等）。小腹与阴器相互牵引而痛，大便困难，称为野狼疝。以上七种疝气，都是由气血虚弱、饮食寒温不调所引发的。（引自《诸病源候论》）（按语：又有五疝候的说法：一是石疝，二是血疝，三是阴疝，四是妒疝，五是气疝。但未说明具体症状，也未详细列出。）
突发的心腹厥逆，气息不通，疼痛放射至背部脊柱，称为尸疝。心下部坚硬疼痛，不可用手触碰，称为石疝。脐下坚硬疼痛，遇到寒冷食物则加剧，称为寒疝。胁下坚硬疼痛，大小如手掌，疼痛时显现，不痛时隐没，称为盘疝。脐下结聚疼痛，女性月经失调，称为血疝。少腹胀满，牵引膀胱急痛，称为脉疝。（引自《外台秘要》引用文仲小器七疝丸的主治内容）
疝气病，凡是小腹和睾丸出现肿胀或疼痛，发作没有固定时间的，都属于此类。但是疝证的类型不一，如《内经》所说的狐疝，是因为它出入无常。有一种疝（原文缺字，指㿗疝），是因为顽肿麻木不仁。有冲疝，是因为气从小腹上冲而痛。有厥疝，是因为气结于阴器且气逆形成疝。有疝瘕，是因为少腹冤热而痛，流出白色分泌物，又名蛊。有六经风疝，如《四时刺逆从论》所言。有小肠疝，如《邪气脏腑病形篇》所言。以上七种，总括起来都是疝气的含义。（引自《景岳全书》）
关于七疝的名称，《内经》已有冲疝、厥疝、狐疝、㿗疝、瘕疝、卒疝、疝瘝的区别，而巢元方又创立了厥、㿗、寒、气、盘、瘕、野狼七个名称，张子和又创立了寒、水、筋、血、气、狐、㿗七个症候，都与《内经》不同。巢元方的说法怪异且不经典，已无需多论。即使是张子和所说的水疝，也就是经书中的㿗疝；血疝即经书中的瘕疝；气疝即经书中的厥疝；筋疝即经书中的疝瘕。张子和只是特意更改名目，以欺世盗名，虽然被近代人所尊崇，但学者应当以《内经》为主。（引自《病机汇论》）（按语：张子和的七疝，大体上都属于㿗疝之类，且㿗、瘕同字并非不同证候，沈氏的这种说法并不恰当，姑且保留在此。张子的学说见下一门类。）
冲疝，疝的意思是痛。由于阴气积聚在体内，寒气不散，向上冲犯心脏，所以导致心痛，称为心疝。这种疼痛，有时像锥刀刺入，有时隐隐作痛，有时四肢逆冷，有时嘴唇变青，这些都是其征候。（引自《诸病源候论》）（按语：心疝出自《脉要精微论》，而此证即为《骨空论》中的冲疝，仍以其名称标注。）
冲疝，气向上冲至心下，二便不通，这是寒湿之邪固结于内，郁积化热，再加上客寒触动而发作。可用天台乌药散，加铁锈水调服；病情严重的，用禹功散加炮姜、枳实攻下。冲疝日久不愈，逐渐演变成冲心疝气，症状与蛊胀无异，误用攻伐药物，腹胀必定加重，只有使用辛温健运的方法，才较为适宜，但也很难取得良效。至于调理，尤其需要详慎。常见因饮食停滞中脘，浊阴之气上逆，顷刻间病情恶化，我曾亲眼见过这种情况，这与冲心香港脚并无区别。（引自《医宗必读》或相关医通著作）
疝气日久形成积聚，各种脏腑受邪，起初未必能形成积聚，若邪气留滞不去，才会形成积聚。其发病表现，有的在左右胁下如倒扣的杯子，有的在脐上下如手臂粗细，有的在胃脘间覆盖大盘般大小，身体消瘦、气短，或有忽冷忽热的寒热症状，四肢无力收持，饮食无法转化为肌肉营养，或者腹部有累累如桃李的肿块，或者腹胀呕吐泄泻，遇寒则痛，所以称为寒疝积聚。（引自《诸病源候论》）
凡疝气日久都会形成积聚，盘踞附着在脐的上下左右，形成㿗或瘕，疼痛不止，或转变为癖块，或引发奔豚。（引自《证治汇补》）
呕吐，逆气长叹，中脘停积酸水，燥闷不安，甚至发展到呕吐，是最为凶险的征候。为什么呢？天一生水，肾主司之。宗筋汇聚于阴器，全靠阳明胃气来滋养。如今脾土虚弱不能济助，肾水上乘，必然产生酸汁和涎饮，拖延时间久了，就形成暴吐。医生开方之初，都知道肾经厌恶燥性，如苍术、白术、良姜之类，确实不敢轻易使用。等到呕吐大作时，却使用姜、术等药而不顾后果。如果情况仍未好转，那么吴茱萸、荜茇等刚燥的药物又大量加入，甚至连附子也用来救急。病情发展到这一步，脾土尚未强壮，肾水已经枯竭，肾水既枯，脾土又焦灼，往往导致阴阳不升降，营卫不流通，大小便关隔涩闭，肾汁胃汁都从口中吐出。像这样的情况，大体上难以救治，临病时必须识别证候，预先告知病人家属。（引自《直指方》）
日久遂成暴吐，严重时出现角弓反张，咬牙战栗出汗，冷汗流个不停，属于难治之症。（引自《医学入门》）（宜参考后文“治不可以虚骤补”条目的《微义》文章。）
疫邪夹杂疝气，戴麟郊说：疫邪夹杂疝气，其肾囊和小腹牵引疼痛，完全是疝证的表现，应当按照辨别气色、神志、脉象、舌苔的方法来诊断。一旦发现有疫邪，不必专门治疗疝气，只需治疗疫病，疝气自然消除。如果按照常规治疗疝气的方法，使用吴茱萸、桂枝、附子、茴香等燥热药物，轻者会变为囊痈，重者会变为呃逆、哕逆，昏沉而无法救治。（引自《瘟疫汇编》）
妇人也会得疝气病，不仅男子有，妇人也有。经书说：腹中有积气，有厥气，名为厥疝，女子治疗方法相同。又说：厥阴经所说的㿗疝，妇人的少腹肿胀也是此病。至于冲疝、疝瘕之类，也都是男女共同患有的疾病。然而只有睾丸的疾病，唯独在男子身上，其他情况都应当详细检查。看张子和所说的……（张子和的观点在前文疝属肝说中提到），这种说法确实没有错误。然而现在的人只谈论男子的疝气，完全不知道妇人的疝气，这就大错特错了。（引自《景岳全书》）
戴人还说妇人也有疝气，凡是血枯经闭、少腹有肿块等症状都是，总之离不开肝经病变。因为肝藏血主筋，其气暴躁，且善于攻冲。（引自《金匮翼》）
治疗应当疏通且温煦。疝气作痛，宜通不宜塞，宜温不宜寒。“通”是指泻其实邪，不泻其正气；“塞”是指补其正气，不补其实邪。实者是邪气，虚者是正气。如果正气极度虚弱，则先温补而后泻实；如果邪气极度旺盛，则先泻实而后补虚。温法必须兼顺气，泻法必须兼清热。寒凉则进入经络引导邪气外出，温热则疏利气机，养护正气。（引自《奇效良方》）
治疗不可以因虚而骤然进补。以前在徽城时，歙县尉宋荀甫，膀胱气发作，疼痛难忍，医生给他用刚猛的热药，疼痛更加剧烈，小便不通三天，脐下虚胀，心中烦闷。我观察他，见他面色赤黑，脉象洪大。我说：“投用热药太过，导致阴阳痞塞，气机不得通畅，该怎么办？”宋尉手中还拿着几粒四神丹，说医生说疼痛不止，再服用。我说：“如果服用这个肯定会死，以后不要后悔。”他恳求治疗。我恰好有一两许的五苓散，分成三次服用，改个名字，用带须葱一根，小茴香一撮，盐一钱，水一盏半，煎至七分，让他连续服完三次，半夜排出如墨汁般的小便一二升，脐下宽松得以入睡，第二天诊脉，脉象已平和，随后给他服用砂丸，几天就好了。大体上这种病，是因虚而得，不可以因为虚就骤然使用补药。经书说：邪气聚集的地方，正气必然虚弱。邪气停留不去，病势就会显得实。所以必须先清除蓄积的邪气，然后才能补益，因此许多方剂借用巴豆的辛烈之气，说的就是这个道理。（引自《本事方》）
小肠气、膀胱奔豚、疝气等疾病，都是因为肾气虚弱，膀胱久冷，风湿乘虚而入，损伤肾经，气滞不散，小腹刺痛，肾经气机偏吊，不可骤然服用补药，应当先用疏导发散的方法。（引自《和剂局方指南》）
疝病虽然起始是因为虚而得，但必然有邪实逼迫疼痛且未下行，所以应当先泻后补。至于那些极度虚弱且疼痛逼迫，向上呕吐逆气，或向下遗精的，这是邪实正虚到了极点，这种情况下想不补行吗？但恐怕补益则无益，泻法则正气更陷，侥幸获生的很少。（引自《微义》）
治疗不宜用寒凉药物。治疗此法，固然不能认定一定是寒，也不能认定一定是热。但在治疗初受之邪时，必须以温经散寒、行气除湿为主，切不可过早使用寒凉药物，以免留滞邪气，那样留下的危害就不浅了。等到日久，有的始终以寒为主，有的因寒郁而化热，有的元阳受伤而虚陷日益严重，只应当观察其形体、气机和病气，因病制方。如果确实有热证热脉，明显外在表现的，才可以以寒凉药物治疗。如果没有热证依据，却竟然大抵认为疝由湿热引起，那就是无中生有，使原本无病的加重，原本有的更甚。这是习俗的通病，不可不借鉴。（引自《景岳全书》）
治疗应当兼用理气药。治疗疝气必先治气，所以病名也叫疝气，不是没有道理的。寒有寒气，热有热气，湿有湿气，逆有逆气，气在阳分，就有气中之气；气在阴分，就有血中之气。凡是气实的必须破气，气虚的必须补气，所以治疗疝气，必须在各种证候中，都兼用理气药物。（引自《景岳全书》）
温散方法（兼滋补）。温法有两种：外入的寒，温必兼散；内生的寒，温必以补。张子和论述疝气，多认为是劳损内伤所致，但并不设立补法。我认为寒从外入的，病多属实；寒从内生的，病多属虚。如果不能辨别而一概给予散法，难免犯“虚虚”（使虚者更虚）的错误。我采集当归羊肉汤等方剂，以补充张子和学说的不足，并且遵循张仲景的旧法。（引自《金匮翼》）
疝气因阴邪凑集肾脏，寒气上攻，小腹结块，下坠睾丸，坚硬如石，遇暖逐渐消退，遇寒更加肿胀，气并入前后腰脐各道筋中，上攻入胃，则大呕大吐，战栗畏寒，这是下焦地气上冲，应当用人参、附子、干姜、肉桂的大剂量方剂，这不是寻常的郁热可比拟的。（引自《证治汇补》）
《短剧》解急蜀椒汤，主治寒疝气，心痛如刺，绕脐腹中尽痛，出白汗，几乎断气。
蜀椒（二百枚，去汗/炒去油） 附子（一枚，炮） 粳米（半升） 干姜（半两） 半夏（十二枚，洗） 大枣（二十枚） 甘草（一两，炙）
以上七味切碎，用水七升，煮取三升，澄清后热服一升。若不愈，再服一升。多次使用可治疗心腹痛，困急欲死，解结逐寒，对上下疼痛效果良好。忌食猪羊肉、饴糖、海藻、菘菜（白菜）。《肘后方》、《古今录验》、《范汪方》无甘草，其余相同。（引自《外台秘要》）
疝气发作时，应在煎煮附子建中汤时，加蜜一箸头许，名为蜜附子汤。（引自《易简方》）（按语：上文说：建中汤，加附子三分，名为附子建中汤。）
治疗寒疝来去不定，每次发作绞痛的方法。牡蛎、甘草、桂枝各二两，水五升，煮取一升半，分两次服用。（引自《肘后方》）
半夏汤，治疗心脾痛，以及小肠奔豚等疼痛疾患。
吴茱萸（去枝并目） 半夏（汤洗切片） 肉桂（去皮，等分）
以上锉碎成三钱重，用水一大盏半，生姜十片，同煎至八分，去渣热服。（引自《事证方后集》）
吴茱萸加附子汤。
吴茱萸 生姜（各三钱） 人参（一钱） 大枣（二枚） 附子（二钱）
水煎，凉服。治疗寒疝腰痛，牵引睾丸，屈曲不能伸展，尺脉沉迟者，此方主治。（引自《医方考》）
生料五积散，治疗膀胱小肠气痛，加吴茱萸半钱，少许盐。（引自《易简方》）（《得效方》再加小茴香。）治疗醉饱后房事不节，触伤小腹，致成疝气，其疝自小腹痛连腰胯下，心头吊痛，额上汗出，根据本方加玄胡索。（引自《济世全书》）
羌活附子汤，治疗感受寒邪表证悉具而寒厥疝痛者，宜与此方表里兼调。（引自《医级》）（系羌活、附子、木香、小茴香、干姜加盐煎，详见《哕》门，宜考证。）
沉香散，治疗寒疝，小腹坚满，攻痛不定，时发疼痛，肾虚受邪肿胀，及脏寒气弱，脐常痛。
沉香 附子（各一两） 川楝子（一两半）
以上为细末，每服一钱半，水一盏半，生姜三片，枣一个，少许盐，煎至七分，空腹服用。（引自《鸡峰普济方》）
玄附汤，治疗七疝，心腹冷痛，肠鸣气走，身寒自汗，大便滑泄。
玄胡索（炒去皮） 附子（炮去皮脐，各一两） 木香（不见火，半两）
以上锉碎，每服四钱，水一盏半，生姜七片，煎至七分，去渣温服，不拘时候。（引自《济生方》）
神应散，治疗诸疝，心腹绞痛不可忍受。
玄胡索 胡椒（等分）
以上为末，每服两大钱，酒半盏，水半盏，煎至七分，食前温服。（引自《三因极一病证方论》）
当归四逆汤，治疗脐腹冷痛，牵引腰胯而痛。（按语：治验曰：先灸中庭穴。）
当归尾（七分） 附子（炮） 官桂 小茴香（炒） 柴胡（各五分） 芍药（四分） 茯苓 玄胡索 川楝子（各三分，酒煮） 泽泻（二分）
以上十味锉碎，作一服，水二盏半，煎至一盏，去渣温服，空腹食前，数次服用而愈。（引自《卫生宝鉴》按语：方后曰：泽泻咸平，茯苓甘平，去除膀胱中留垢。）
沉香桂附丸，退阴助阳，除脏腑积冷，心腹疼痛，及治疗七疝，痛引小腹不可忍受，腰屈不能伸，喜热熨稍缓解的方法。（节录）
沉香 附子（炮去皮脐） 川乌（炮去皮脐切作小块） 干姜（炮） 良姜（炒） 小茴香（炒） 官桂 吴茱萸（各一两，汤浸去苦味）
以上为末，醋糊丸，如梧桐子大，每服五十丸至七八十丸，热米饮汤送下，温酒吞下亦可，空腹食前，每日二次。忌冷物。（引自《卫生宝鉴》）
治疗疝气神方，其病严重时气上冲，如有物筑塞心脏欲死，手足冷者，二三服可除根。
硫黄（不拘多少，在锅中熔化即投入水中去毒，研细） 荔枝核（为末，炒焦黄色） 陈皮
以上三味各等分为末，饭丸如梧桐子大，每服四五丸，酒下，疼痛立即停止。即使自觉疼痛甚重不能支持，略用六丸即可，再不可多服。（引自《医学集成》）（参《正传》录）《医统》名为硫黄丸。《皆效方》名为玉环笑来丹。（引自《本草纲目》）
The text mentions deficiency syndromes, some of which manifest as an inability to tolerate exertion, with symptoms triggered by slight labor. When treating deficiency-type hernia (Shan), one must distinguish whether the deficiency lies in the Yin aspect or the Yang aspect. If there is weakness accompanied by stagnation (Qi and blood stasis), soothing and draining herbs should be added, such as those in the category of Chuanlianzi (Toosendan Fruit), Huixiang (Fennel/Foeniculum Vulgare Fruit), Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange), Shanzha (Hawthorn Fruit), and Zhizi (Gardenia Fruit), selected according to suitability. (From *Jingyue Quanshu*)
Generally speaking, regarding the syndrome of Hernia (Shan): when affected by heat, the sinews relax and fail to retract; when affected by cold, it causes pulling pain; when affected by dampness, it causes swelling and hanging down. Deficiency syndromes are similar. Among these three factors, treatment should be prescribed based on which factor predominates. Diseases in the Blood aspect have fixed pain locations, while diseases in the Qi aspect have mobile pain locations. It is common for the left testicle to swell and shift to the right, or for the right to shift to the left; these are all diseases of the Qi aspect. If the condition has persisted for years with recurrent attacks, without swelling and with a fixed location, it is a disease of the Blood aspect. Recurrent attacks with changing pain locations suggest pathology related to Jueyin Wind-Wood. Extreme swelling with mild pain suggests pathology related to Taiyin Damp-Earth. If pain radiates upward, treat with acrid-hot herbs like Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit), and Huixiang (Fennel). If there is a sensation of bearing down, treat with bitter-drying herbs like Chuanlianzi (Toosendan Fruit), Huangbai (Phellodendron Bark), Cangzhu (Atractylodes Rhizome), and Xiangfu (Cyperus Rhizome). Furthermore, if the painful area is hot and dislikes pressure, it is Damp-Heat; if the painful area is cold and welcomes massage, it is Cold Accumulation. By distinguishing clearly in this manner, errors will be avoided. (From *Yitong*)
The Seven Hernias refer to Jue Shan, [Missing Character] Shan, Han Shan (Cold Hernia), Qi Shan (Qi Hernia), Pan Shan (Plate Hernia), [Missing Character] Shan, and Yelang Shan (Wild Wolf Hernia). This is called the Seven Hernias. Jue Ni (Rebellious Cold) causing heart pain, cold feet, and inability to swallow food/drink is named Jue Shan. Sudden abdominal fullness, complete pain in the epigastrium, and Qi accumulation the size of an arm is named Zheng Shan (or Jia Shan). Pain throughout the hypochondrium and abdomen after consuming cold food/drinks is named Han Shan. Abdominal pain that comes and goes with fluctuating fullness is named Qi Shan. Abdominal pain located beside the umbilicus is named Pan Shan. An accumulation below the umbilicus is named [Missing Character] Shan. Pain radiating between the lower abdomen and the genitalia, accompanied by difficult defecation, is named Yelang Shan. All seven types of hernia arise from Qi and Blood deficiency and irregular diet regarding temperature. (From *Bingyuan Lun*) (Note: There is also a theory of Five Hernias: Shi Shan (Stone Hernia), Xue Shan (Blood Hernia), Yin Shan, Du Shan, and Qi Shan. However, symptoms are not described.)
Sudden Jue Ni (reversal) of the heart and abdomen, inability to breathe, pain reaching the back and spine is named Shi Shan (Corpse Hernia). Hard and painful epigastrium that cannot be touched is named Shi Shan (Stone Hernia). Hard and painful lower abdomen that worsens with cold food is named Han Shan (Cold Hernia). Hard and painful hypochondrium, the size of a hand, appearing only during pain, is named Pan Shan (Plate Hernia). Knotting pain below the umbilicus with irregular menstruation in women is named Xue Shan (Blood Hernia). Lower abdominal fullness pulling into urgent bladder pain is named Mai Shan (Pulse Hernia). (From *Waitai* citing Wen Zhong's Xiaoqi Qishen Wan indications)
Disease of Hernia Qi (Shan Qi) includes any case where the lower abdomen and testicles swell or hurt, with intermittent onset and no fixed timing. However, hernia syndromes vary. As stated in *Neijing*, Huxian (Fox Hernia) is so named because its protrusion is irregular. [Missing Character] Shan is so named because of hard swelling and numbness. Chong Shan (Rushing Hernia) is so named because Qi rushes up from the lower abdomen causing pain. Jue Shan is so named because Qi knots in the Yin region and rebels to form hernia. Shanjia (Hernia Mass) is so named because of stifling heat and pain in the lower abdomen with white discharge, also called Gu. Liu Jing Fengshan (Six Meridian Wind Hernia) refers to what is said in *Sishi Cini Cong Lun*. Xiaochang Shan (Small Intestine Hernia) refers to what is said in *Xieqi Zangfu Bingxing Pian*. These seven collectively define the meaning of Hernia. (From *Jingyue Quanshu*)
Regarding the names of the Seven Hernias, *Neijing* already distinguished Chong, Jue, Hu, [Missing Character], [Missing Character], Zu, and Shanjia. Chao Shi (Chao Yuanfang) established Jue, [Missing Character], Han, Qi, Pan, [Missing Character], and Yelang. Zhang Hezi established Han, Shui, Jin, Xue, Qi, Hu, and [Missing Character]. All differ from *Neijing*. Chao’s theories are strange and unorthodox and need not be discussed. Even Zhang Hezi’s Shui Shan is essentially Jing’s [Missing Character] Shan; Xue Shan is Jing’s Shanjia; Qi Shan is Jing’s Jue Shan; Jin Shan is Jing’s Shanjia. Zhang merely changed names to deceive the world. Although revered in modern times, scholars should prioritize *Neijing*. (From *Bingji Huilun*) (Note: Zhang Hezi’s seven hernias largely belong to [Missing Character] type. Also, [Missing Character] and [Missing Character] are the same character, not different syndromes; Shen’s view here is inappropriate, but preserved for reference. See next section for Zhang’s theory.)
Chong Shan means pain. It occurs when Yin Qi accumulates internally, Cold Qi does not disperse, and rushes upward to the Heart, causing heart pain, hence called Xin Shan (Heart Hernia). The pain may feel like needle pricking, dull ache, cold extremities, or blue lips. These are its signs. (From *Bingyuan Lun*) (Note: Xin Shan appears in *Maiyao Jingwei Lun*, but this syndrome corresponds to Chong Shan in *Gukong Lun*; labeled accordingly.)
Chong Shan involves Qi rushing to the epigastrium, obstruction of urination and defecation. This is due to Cold-Damp pathogens consolidating internally, stagnating and generating Heat, triggered by external Cold. Tiantai Wuyao San (Tiantai Cyperus Powder) mixed with Iron Rust Water can be used. For severe cases, Yugong San (Yu Gong Powder) with Paojiang (Prepared Ginger) and Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange) can be used to purge. Chronic Chong Shan may evolve into Chongxin Shan Qi, resembling Gu Zhang (Distension). Misusing purgatives will worsen distension. Only acrid-warm methods to strengthen transport are appropriate, though efficacy is difficult. Careful regulation is needed. Often, food stagnation in the Middle Jiao causes Turbid Yin to rebel upward, leading to sudden deterioration. This is similar to Chongxin Hongkong Foot (Gout/Jia Ji). (From *Yitong*)
Accumulation from Long-standing Hernia: Pathogens affecting organs do not immediately form accumulations. If pathogens linger, they form accumulations. Symptoms include masses under the ribs like inverted cups, masses near the umbilicus like arms, large masses in the epigastrium, emaciation, shortness of breath, alternating chills and fever, limb weakness, poor appetite conversion to muscle, or masses like peaches/plums, abdominal fullness, vomiting, diarrhea, and cold-induced pain. Hence, it is called Han Shan Ji Zhu. (From *Bingyuan Lun*)
Long-standing hernia eventually forms accumulations, attaching around the umbilicus, becoming [Missing Character] or Jia, causing persistent pain, transforming into Pi (masses), or triggering Ben Tun (Running Piglet). (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
Vomiting: Rebellious Qi, long sighs, acid retention in the epigastrium, dry irritability, progressing to vomiting, is a dire sign. Why? Heaven generates Water, governed by the Kidney. Sinews gather at the genitalia, relying on Yangming Stomach for nourishment. Now, Spleen Earth fails to assist, Kidney Water ascends, producing acid juices and phlegm-fluids. Over time, this becomes violent vomiting. Physicians know Kidney channel dislikes dryness, avoiding herbs like Cangzhu, Baizhu, Liangjiang initially. But when vomiting is severe, they use Jiang (Ginger) and Zhu (Atractylodes) recklessly. If unresolved, they add more acrid-dry herbs like Wuzhuyu and Bibo, even Fuzi for emergency. At this stage, Spleen Earth is weak, Kidney Water is exhausted. With Kidney Water gone, Spleen Earth scorches. Yin and Yang fail to ascend/descend, Ying and Wei fail to circulate. Bowel/bladder obstruction occurs, and Kidney/Stomach fluids vomit out. Such cases are generally incurable. Recognize the syndrome and warn the family. (From *Zhizhi Fang*)
If prolonged, it leads to violent vomiting. Severe cases show opisthotonos, teeth grinding, shivering sweat, and continuous cold sweat—difficult to treat. (From *Rumen*) (Refer to "Do Not Tonify Sudden Deficiency" section in *Wei Yi*).
Epidemic Pathogen Complicated with Hernia: Dai Linjiao states that epidemic pathogens complicating hernia present with scrotal and lower abdominal pulling pain, fully presenting as hernia syndrome. Diagnose via complexion, spirit, pulse, tongue coating. If epidemic pathogen is present, do not treat hernia specifically; treat the epidemic, and hernia will resolve. Using standard hernia treatments with acrid-hot herbs like Wuzhuyu, Guizhi, Fuzi, Huixiang may cause scrotal abscess in mild cases or hiccups/retching and coma in severe cases. (From *Wenyi Huibian*)
Women also suffer from Hernia. Classics state: Accumulated Qi in abdomen with rebellious Qi is Jue Shan, treated similarly in women. Also, Jueyin [Missing Character] Shan manifests as lower abdominal swelling in women. Chong Shan and Shanjia affect both genders. However, testicular disease is unique to men; other aspects require careful examination. Zhang Hezi’s view is correct. Modern neglect of female hernia is a mistake. (From *Jingyue Quanshu*)
Dairen also stated women have Hernia Qi, including blood depletion amenorrhea and lower abdominal masses, all related to Liver channel. Liver stores blood and governs sinews, its Qi is volatile and attacking. (From *Jinkui Yi*)
Treatment should involve dredging and warming. Hernia pain requires dredging, not blocking; warming, not cooling. Dredging drains excess, not deficiency. Blocking tonifies deficiency, not excess. Excess is pathogen; deficiency is healthy Qi. If healthy Qi is extremely deficient, warm first then drain. If pathogen is extremely excessive, drain first then tonify. Warming must accompany Qi movement; draining must accompany clearing Heat. Cooling enters meridians to guide out pathogens; warming disperses Qi and nourishes healthy Qi. (From *Qixiao Liangfang*)
Do Not Tonify Sudden Deficiency: In Huicheng, Song Xunfu, County Magistrate, suffered Bladder Qi attack with unbearable pain. Doctors gave harsh hot medicines, worsening pain and causing three days of urinary retention, lower abdominal distension, and chest oppression. His face was dark red, pulse surging. I said: "Excessive hot medicine caused Yin-Yang blockage and Qi stagnation." He held Sizhen Dan, saying doctors advised taking it for pain. I warned: "Taking this will kill you." He begged for treatment. I had Wuling San, divided into three doses, renamed, decocted with Scallion Stem, Huixiang, Salt. After three doses, he passed black urine, relief followed. Next day, pulse normalized. Continued with Shasha Wan, cured in days. This disease arises from deficiency; do not tonify suddenly. Classics say: Where pathogen gathers, Qi is deficient. Linger, it becomes excess. Must cleanse accumulated pathogen before tonifying. Hence, formulas use Radix Crotonis (Badou) acridity for this purpose. (From *Benshi Fang*)
Small Intestine Qi, Bladder Ben Tun, Hernia Qi all stem from Kidney Qi deficiency, chronic Bladder cold, Wind-Damp invasion damaging Kidney channel, Qi stagnation, stabbing lower abdominal pain, Kidney channel pulling. Do not tonify suddenly; first dredge and disperse. (From *Heji Zhinan*)
Although hernia starts from deficiency, it presents with pathogenic excess forcing pain without downward release, so drain first, then tonify. In cases of extreme deficiency with forced pain, upper vomiting, or lower spermatorrhea, pathogen is excess and healthy Qi is deficient. Is it possible not to tonify? But tonification may be useless, and draining may collapse healthy Qi. Survival is rare. (From *Wei Yi*)
Treatment Should Avoid Cold-Cooling: Do not assume it is always Cold or always Heat. Initially, treat new pathogens with warming meridians, dispelling cold, moving Qi, and drying dampness. Do not use cold-cooling early, lest pathogens remain. Later, some remain cold, some transform cold into heat, some suffer Yuan Yang injury with progressive deficiency. Observe body, Qi, and disease nature to prescribe. Only if clear Heat signs/pulses exist, use cold-cooling. Assuming all hernia is Damp-Heat is a common error. (From *Jingyue Quanshu*)
Treatment Must Combine Qi-Moving Herbs: Treating hernia requires treating Qi, hence the name Shan Qi. Cold has Cold Qi, Heat has Heat Qi, Damp has Damp Qi, Rebellion has Rebellious Qi. Qi in Yang aspect is Qi within Qi; Qi in Yin aspect is Qi within Blood. Excess Qi requires breaking Qi; Deficient Qi requires tonifying Qi. Thus, treat hernia by combining Qi-moving herbs in all syndromes. (From *Jingyue Quanshu*)
Warming and Dispersing Methods (Including Tonification): Two types of warming: External Cold requires warming with dispersing; Internal Cold requires warming with tonifying. Zhang Hezi attributed hernia mostly to internal labor/injury but did not establish tonification methods. I argue: External Cold is usually Excess; Internal Cold is usually Deficiency. Indiscriminate dispersing harms the deficient. I collected Danggui Yangrou Tang etc. to supplement Zhang, following Zhang Zhongjing’s methods. (From *Jinkui Yi*)
Hernia caused by Yin pathogens gathering in Kidney, Cold Qi attacking upward, lower abdominal mass, descending testicles, hard as stone, resolving with warmth, worsening with cold. Qi merges into tendons of lower back/womb/navel, attacking Stomach causing violent vomiting, shivering, aversion to cold. This is Lower Jiao Earth Qi rushing up. Use large doses of Renshen, Fuzi, Jiang, Guizhi. Not comparable to ordinary stagnant heat. (From *Huibu*)
*Duanju* Jieji Shujiao Tang treats Han Shan Qi, stabbing heart pain, periumbilical pain, profuse sweating, near death.
Shujiao (200 pods), Fuzi (1 prepared), Jingmi (0.5 sheng), Ganjiang (0.5 liang), Banxia (12 washed), Dazao (20), Gancao (1 roasted).
Cut seven ingredients, boil in 7 sheng water to 3 sheng. Strain, take 1 sheng hot. Repeat if necessary. Treats heart/abdominal pain, critical distress, resolves knots, expels cold. Avoid pork/mutton, malt, seaweed, cabbage. (*Waitai* cites *Zhouhou*, *Gujin Luyan*, *Fanwang Fang* omit Gancao).
*Shenghui Fang* adds Guixin and Shengjiang to this formula.
For Hernia Qi attacks, add honey to Fuzi Jianzhong Tang decoction, named Mifu Zi Tang. (From *Yijian*) (Note: Above says Jianzhong Tang + Fuzi = Fuzi Jianzhong Tang).
Formula for Han Shan coming and going, colicky pain: Musli, Gancao, Guizhi (2 liang each). Boil in 5 sheng water to 1.5 sheng. Take twice. (*Zhouhou*)
Banxia Tang treats Heart/Spleen pain and Small Intestine Ben Tun.
Wuzhuyu (de-stemmed/de-eyed), Banxia (boiled/sliced), Rougui (bark removed, equal parts).
Grind to 3 qian dose. Decoct in 1.5 cup water with 10 ginger slices to 0.8 portion. Strain, take hot. (*Shizheng Fang Houji*)
Wuzhuyu Plus Fuzi Tang.
Wuzhuyu, Shengjiang (3 qian each), Renshen (1 qian), Dazao (2), Fuzi (2 qian).
Decoct, take cool. Treats Han Shan lumbar pain radiating to testicles, flexed legs, deep-slow Chi pulse. (*Yifang Kao*)
Shengliao Wuji San for Bladder/Small Intestine Qi pain: Add Wuzhuyu (0.5 qian), salt. (*Yijian*) (*Defu* adds Huixiang). For post-meal/excess sexual activity injuring lower abdomen causing hernia radiating to waist/hips, heart-hanging pain, forehead sweat: Add Yanhusuo to base formula. (*Jishi Quanshu*)
Qianghuo Fuzi Tang for exterior cold signs with cold-jue hernia pain, harmonizing interior/exterior. (*Yiji*) (Contains Qianghuo, Fuzi, Muxiang, Huixiang, Ganjiang, salt. See *Yue* section).
Chenxiang San for Han Shan, hard/full lower abdomen, wandering pain, Kidney deficiency with swelling, organ cold/weakness, constant umbilical pain.
Chenxiang, Fuzi (1 liang each), Chuanlianzi (1.5 liang).
Powder. Take 1.5 qian with 1.5 cup water, 3 ginger slices, 1 jujube, salt. Decoct to 0.7 portion. Take fasting. (*Jifeng*)
Xuanfu Tang for Seven Hernias, cold pain in heart/abdomen, borborygmus, cold sweating, loose stools.
Yanhusuo (stir-fried/skin removed), Fuzi (prepared/skin/umbilicus removed, 1 liang each), Muxiang (0.5 liang).
Grind. Take 4 qian with 1.5 cup water, 7 ginger slices. Decoct to 0.7 portion. Strain, take warm. (*Jisheng*)
Shenyingsan for various hernias, unbearable heart/abdominal colic.
Yanhusuo, Hujiao (equal parts).
Powder. Take 2 daqian with 0.5 cup wine, 0.5 cup water. Decoct to 0.7 portion. Take warm before meals. (*Sanyin*)
Danggui Sini Tang for cold pain in umbilicus/abdomen radiating to waist/hips. (Note: Pre-treatment: Moxibustion on Zhongting point).
Dangguiwei (0.7 fen), Fuzi (prepared), Guanyi Gui, Huixiang (stir-fried), Chaihu (0.5 fen each), Shaoyao (0.4 fen), Fuling, Yanhusuo, Chuanlianzi (0.3 fen each, wine-boiled), Zexie (0.2 fen).
Ten ingredients. One dose, 2.5 cups water, decoct to 1 cup. Strain, take warm fasting. Cure after several doses. (*Weisheng Baojian*) Note: Zexie salty/neutral, Fuling sweet/neutral, remove bladder turbidity.
Chenxiang GuiFu Wan: Retract Yin, assist Yang, remove organ cold, heart/abdominal pain, Seven Hernias, unbearable lower abdominal pain radiating, flexed waist, relieved by heat.
Chenxiang, Fuzi (prepared), Chuanwu (prepared/cut), Ganjiang (prepared), Liangjiang (stir-fried), Huixiang (stir-fried), Guanyi Gui, Wuzhuyu (soaked in hot water to remove bitterness, 1 liang each).
Powder, vinegar paste pills (wutong seed size). Take 50-80 pills with hot rice water or warm wine. Fasting, twice daily. Avoid cold. (*Weisheng Baojian*)
Divine Formula for Hernia Qi: Severe Qi rushing up, feeling of obstruction in heart, cold limbs. Root cure in 2-3 doses.
Liu Huang (melted, quenched in water to detoxify, powdered), Lizhihe (powdered/stir-fried yellow), Chenpi.
Equal parts powder. Rice pills (wutong seed size). Take 4-5 pills with wine. Pain stops immediately. Max 6 pills even if severe pain. (*Yixue Jicheng*) (Also known as Liu Huang Wan in *Yitong*, Yuhuan Xiaolai Dan in *Jie Xiao Fang*).
Ben Tun Wan.
Chuanlianzi (roasted/flesh removed, 1 liang), Fuling, Juhe (salt/wine stir-fried, 1.5 liang each), Rougui