辨恶寒 一、恶寒 辨恶寒应首先明确以下症状： 恶寒：是怕寒冷的感觉，乃恶风之重症，这种怕冷现象虽重衣厚被、向火取暖都不能解除。
恶风：系怕风的感觉，为恶寒的轻症，见风则恶，不见风则不恶，如衣被盖得很严密，即没有这种感觉，稍一露体便觉冷风淅淅。
欲得近衣：是指喜欢多穿些衣服，这是恶风恶寒的具体表现之一。
不欲去衣被：是指不想把衣被去掉，也是恶风寒的具体表现之一。
喜热、喜温暖、欲向火：这都是恶风寒的具体表现。
以上这些症状归纳起来，都是怕冷的现象，在伤寒论中主要有以下两种类型：
(一)太阳病的表寒证：大部分是在发病的开始，恶寒和发热同时并见(初起时或有先恶寒，尚未发热者)，其脉必浮，口必不渴。治宜麻桂等药发汗解肌。
(二)少阴病的阳虚证：除寒邪直中少阴，或太阳少阴兼见的两感证外，绝没有开始即发现的，也绝没有恶寒与发热同时并见的，其脉必沉细。治宜附子回阳。
除此之外，恶寒还可见于新感温病，初起恶寒轻，发热重，或兼口渴等症；新感引动伏邪者，其恶寒，并兼有舌赤口渴等里热证表现。 二、发热恶寒 有以下几种情况： (一)伤寒 1．太阳病：是恶寒重、发热轻的证候，‘有的初起单恶寒，不发热，有的重衣厚被不能少解，必兼头痛、项强、脉浮等，口必不渴。治疗主药冬季多用麻桂，春秋多用荆防，夏季多用香薷。
2．太阳兼少阳病：发热微恶寒，兼肢节烦痛，微呕，心下支结。方如柴胡桂枝汤。
3．太阳兼阳明病：发热恶寒，兼腹满大便不通。方如桂枝加大黄汤、厚朴七物汤。
4．太阳兼少阴病：发热轻，恶寒重，脉必微细。方如麻黄附子细辛汤。
(二)温病
1．温病邪在上焦肺卫：感受温邪，故恶寒轻，发热重，且有口渴、咽于等症。
2．冬温犯肺：这是冬季感受温邪，故恶寒轻，发热重，且有口渴、咽干的症候，因为所伤是肺经，所以必兼鼻塞、流涕、咳嗽等症。
3．湿温，邪在肺卫，清阳被阻：此证只宜用藿香、紫苏、桔梗、杏仁、苡仁等药宣肺达邪，芳香化湿，不宜重用发汗。 三、但发热不恶寒。或反恶热 可见于：
(一)伤寒阳明病。
(二)温病：邪在气分者，舌必自黄，用自虎汤；在营血分者，高热持续不退，舌必绛，用清营汤。
(三)肾热：按之至骨，其热烙手，骨困不任。治宜六味地黄丸。
(四)火不归经：大热口渴，脉洪大无伦，按之微弱。治宜十全大补汤吞八昧丸。
(五)阳郁于脾：治宜升阳散火汤。
(六)血虚：治宜当归补血汤。
四、寒热往来
是指寒已而热，热已而寒，也就是发热之时不恶寒，恶寒之时不发热。可见于：
(一)伤寒少阳病：这是没有定时的寒热证，但必兼口苦、咽干、目眩、舌白、脉浮弦等方为确当，如大小柴胡汤证。 (二)疟疾：这是有定时的寒热证，有连日发、间日发或三日发的不同，一日只发一次，时间或上午或下午，虽略有早迟之差，但大部分总是一定的。 (三)邪伏膜原 1．春温：伏邪外出的主证，寒热如疟，没有定时，但它不同于伤寒少阳病者主要是兼有舌赤、苔垢等湿热相合的症状，如蒿芩清胆汤证是也。
2．伏暑：初起可能与寒热不规则的疟疾相混，但必兼脘闷口渴，午后热甚，入暮尤剧，天明得汗则热证减轻。若暑偏重者以清暑透热为主，若湿偏重者以清暑化湿为主。
咳 嗽
为咳嗽正名
咳嗽是肺脏病变中的一种常见症候，是喉中发出啃啃声音的一种疾病。古人云：有声无痰叫作咳，有痰无声叫作嗽，有痰又有声叫作咳嗽。李老认为，从临床实际观察看，不论写成文字，或是口头问答，往往把咳嗽二字作为通用的名称，而有痰无声的症候，从来没有见过用咳嗽二字表达的。因此，他主张应该从啃啃声音的有无来决定是否属于咳嗽。凡是有这种声音者，无论痰的有无，均可叫作“咳嗽”；没有这种声音，虽喉中痰声辘辘，也不得叫作“咳嗽”。至于其他各种咳嗽的名称，应该根据诊疗价值，把它肯定下来，若是质同名异，即既无诊疗价值，又觉得徒乱人意的重复性名称，该合并的合并，该取消的取消，使每一种名称都有明确固定的标准。如“干咳”、“燥咳”、“气咳”、“秋燥咳嗽”等，均与燥邪侵肺有关，临床表现均以无痰、无血的干咳为其共同特征，故可将上述诸咳合并为“干咳”一种。又如“实咳”、“虚咳”、“寒咳”、“热咳”等名称，过分笼统，应以具体的内伤、外感咳嗽证名取而代之等等。这样不但对于医者在认识和交流方面易于统一起来，而且对于患者也能减少他们不必要的顾虑。事实告诉我们，医者的说法分歧，每致患者不能充分信任，因而延误了治疗，影响了工作。古人说过：“名不正，言不顺，事不成矣。”对于中医学的继承及整理提高，应该首先着眼于名称，即名词术语的规范统一。正是基于这种考虑。
诸咳不同 须当细辨 一、咳嗽的主症及全身症状辨 (一)主症：喉中啃啃有声。
． (二)全身症状 1．咳而倚息不得卧：是指咳嗽气上逆，睡觉时或俯或仰，倚靠得很高，不能正常平卧者。多为外感风寒，或阳虚，水逆，痰饮冲肺所致。
2．咳而声重：是指咳嗽声音大而有力。多为邪盛而正未虚之外感、实证咳嗽。
3．咳而无痰：又叫干咳，多由肺燥阴虚所致。
4．痰不易咳出：是指咳痰粘稠，不易咯出者。多由燥痰或体虚久嗽咳痰无力所致。
5．咳痰稀而多：为湿痰水饮之证，源在脾而不在肺，由脾虚水湿失运所致。
6．咳血：指咳嗽而痰中有血，或纯粹咳血。多由外感或内伤化热、化火，灼伤肺络所致，或见于肺痈、肺痨等病。
7．痰中血丝：又名咯血，多为阴虚火旺，或肺有燥邪，热扰肺络所致。
8．偏睡：指侧卧一边，能左不能右，或能右不能左，或能俯不能仰。是虚劳骨蒸内热的证候，或见于瘀血咳嗽。
9．黄昏咳嗽：为阴虚咳嗽的主症。
10．五更咳嗽：多为食积咳嗽的主症，以小儿食积咳嗽为多见。
11．冬季咳甚，春夏即愈：多为阳虚咳嗽之主症。
12．久嗽：指咳嗽日久不愈。多属内伤虚劳之咳嗽。
13．薪咳：指现得的咳嗽。多属外感。
14．气出或吐痰腥臭：是饮酒伤肺，肺热证之一。
15．咽喉不利：咽喉干燥梗痛，为肺热证之一。
16．口苦干燥：为肺热证之一。
17．面目浮肿：可因风寒侵肺或水饮冲肺所致。若兼见喘嗽肩息，脉浮而大者，多系死证。
18．微受风寒即发喘嗽：多因素体气阴两虚或气血两虚，复感风寒所致。
19．失音：多由久嗽或平素有火，复感风寒，火为寒束，寒中包火所致。
20．频吐痰涎：痰的成因极多，内伤外感，均可导致痰的产生，但以脾虚或湿困为根本原因。
21．身体赢瘦：多由虚劳久嗽所致。
22．咳声清亮：所谓金音清亮。多为偏于火而不兼湿之证。
23．咳而少气：即咳嗽气短，少气懒言。为肺气虚之证。
24．咳声重浊：重浊为土音，若兼痰多不渴，乃湿邪困脾，水饮过甚之证。
25．连声咳嗽：即咳声连连不断，持续时间较长。多见于小儿百日咳，或慢支久咳。
26．胸痛：咳而胸中隐隐作痛。多见于肺痈。
27．鼻燥：多为燥热咳嗽，必兼咽喉干燥等症。
二、识咳六法
对咳嗽病的诊断，首先必须辨清届外感还是内伤。外感咳嗽大部分是新病即新咳，但也有久病复感新邪者；内伤咳嗽大部分是久病，但亦有新病因内伤而引发者。外感方面，必须辨清风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火(热)，特别是风寒、风热、暑热、秋燥、寒湿、湿热等证；内伤方面，必须首先辨清肺脏的虚、实、寒、热，其次必须深究发病的脏腑，搞清楚究竟这种咳嗽是由于肺脏本身引起的，还是由于其他脏腑的疾病涉及到肺脏的。治病必求其本，如果先由肺脏本身引起的，以治肺为主，如果先由其他脏腑所起，则必须以治其他脏腑为主，否则主次不分，本末倒置，难以取效。
在辨识各种具体咳嗽病证时，须从以下6个方面加以鉴别：
1．从发病时间、季节上判断：如黄昏时咳嗽，多为阴虚；五更时咳嗽，多为饮食积滞；伤暑咳嗽，多发生在夏暑时节；秋燥咳嗽，必然发生在秋季等。
2．从咳嗽的声音上判断：如咳嗽声重，咳而有力，多为新病、实证；咳声重浊，即声音虽有力，但混浊而不清亮者，多为脾湿水饮侵肺证；咳声嘶哑，甚或失音者，多为虚证、久病；咳而呀呷有声，即喘息张口，喉中发出的声音，多为痰喘。
3．从痰之有无、多少、稠稀、颜色、易不易咳出判断：如咳而无痰者，为干咳，多为燥热伤津或阴虚所致；痰少稠粘，甚或痰黄，不易咯出者，多为燥热咳嗽；痰涎清稀色白，易于咯出者，多为寒湿或阳虚。
4．从发病的原因和其他疾病的先后顺序上判断：如妊娠期咳嗽，多为子嗽；咳嗽日久不愈，胸部饥时作痛，唇上有白点如粟者，为虫咳等。
5．从年龄的老幼上判断：如百日咳为小儿常见的一种咳嗽；慢支、肺心病之咳嗽，则多为中老年人特别是北方老年人所患的一种疾病等。
6．从兼症的情况判断：如咳嗽兼见恶寒、无汗、鼻塞或流清涕，脉浮紧或浮缓者，为风寒外感；咳嗽兼发热或恶寒头痛，痰黄粘稠而咳痰不爽，口渴咽痛，或有汗或无汗，脉浮而数者，为风热咳嗽；咳而痰多且稀，舌白滑润，不渴，脉弦滑，不喜冷性饮食者，为湿痰或痰饮咳嗽；咳而兼有表寒的恶寒发热、、头痛、脉浮等，同时又兼见里热的口干、口苦、口渴喜冷性饮食等症者，为寒中包火咳嗽；燥咳胸痛，咳吐臭脓，或大量吐血，血中似有脓而腥臭，脉数实者，为肺痈咳嗽；咳血证已愈或未愈期间，兼见倚息不得卧，或侧卧一边者，多为瘀血咳嗽；咳而呕，呕甚则长虫出，为胃咳；咳呕胆汁，为胆咳；咳而遗溺，为膀胱咳；咳而腹满，不欲饮食，为三焦咳；咳而遗矢，为大肠咳；咳而矢气，为小肠咳；咳而两胁下痛，甚则不可以转，转则两胁下满者，为肝咳；咳而右胁下隐痛，引肩背，甚则不可以动，动则咳剧，为脾咳；咳而喘息有音，甚则唾血，为肺咳；咳而心痛，喉中介介如梗状，甚则咽中喉痹，为心咳。
湿痰咳嗽治疗七法
湿痰咳嗽是咳嗽病的一种常见证候。多因饮食生冷过度，伤及脾阳，或素体脾肾阳虚，复感寒湿之邪，使脾失健运，聚湿生痰，上渍于肺，肺失宣降，发为痰湿咳嗽。证候表现以咳嗽、痰多而稀且易丁排出、胸闷、苔腻、脉滑、饮食减少、不喜冷性饮食等为特点。
治疗湿痰咳嗽有以下七种方法：
1．利水：古人谓“积水成饮，饮凝成痰”，痰之本为水也，故利水之治，可消生痰之源。代表方剂如十枣汤、控涎丹等。十枣汤重在水饮停蓄于胸腹，控涎丹则重在水饮停滞于胸膈。
2．燥湿：水湿内停，可凝聚生痰，故燥湿为治痰之上源的根本方法之一。代表方剂如加味二陈汤(二陈汤加杏仁、干姜、细辛、五味子)、六安煎(二陈汤加杏仁、白芥子)等。
3．温阳：水饮为阴邪，得温方可消散，故温阳即温化痰饮，为治湿痰咳嗽之常法。代表方剂如苓桂术甘汤、附子理中汤等。
4．健脾：因脾属土，土能渗湿，又能制水，水湿的布运，全赖脾气的健运，方不致生湿、生痰。故健脾为治湿痰的根本方法。代表方剂如六君子汤、二陈汤等。
5．理气：指理肺气。因肺主一身之气，又肺为水之上源，肺气以清肃下降为顺，气行则水行，湿痰随气而行散，不致阻肺致咳，故理气为运化痰湿的重要方法。代表方剂如参苏饮、通理汤等。
6．散寒：湿痰咳嗽每多内伤、外感合并，如素体有湿痰或水饮，又兼外感寒邪，内外夹攻，使湿痰更甚，此时，解表散寒尤当重要。代表方剂如小青龙汤、杏苏饮等。
7．补肾：因肾藏一身之元阳，肾脏主水，又脾阳之运化有赖于肾阳的温煦，肾气行则脾气运，水自行也，故补肾为治水湿之根本。代表方剂如真武汤、金匮肾气丸等。
附案：
案一翟某，女，45岁。门诊号：58705。
1962年11月13日初诊：咳嗽、胸闷、气短、头痛、口不渴、大便溏1周，舌苔白腻，脉弦滑。此为中阳不振，水湿停聚。治宜温阳(温化痰饮)法。方用加味苓桂术甘汤：
茯苓9克桂枝6克 生白术6克 陈皮7．5克川贝4．5克 什草3克
水煎服。1剂见效，3剂痊愈。
辨恶寒 一、恶寒 辨别恶寒应首先明确以下症状： 恶寒：是指怕寒冷的感觉，是恶风的严重类型，这种怕冷的现象即使穿厚衣盖厚被、靠近火源取暖也不能缓解。
恶风：是指怕风的感觉，是恶寒的轻症，见到风就感到害怕，不见风就不害怕，如果衣服被子盖得很严密，就没有这种感觉，稍微暴露身体就觉得冷风飕飕。
欲得近衣：是指喜欢多穿些衣服，这是恶风恶寒的具体表现之一。
不欲去衣被：是指不想把衣被去掉，也是恶风寒的具体表现之一。
喜热、喜温暖、欲向火：这都是恶风寒的具体表现。
以上这些症状归纳起来，都是怕冷的现象，在《伤寒论》中主要有以下两种类型：
(一)太阳病（Taiyang Disease）的表寒证（Exterior Cold Syndrome）：大部分是在发病的开始，恶寒和发热同时并见（初起时或有先恶寒，尚未发热者），其脉必浮，口必不渴。治宜麻桂等药发汗解肌（Sweating and releasing the muscle layer）。
(二)少阴病（Shaoyin Disease）的阳虚证（Yang Deficiency Syndrome）：除寒邪直中少阴，或太阳少阴兼见的两感证（Lianggan Syndrome）外，绝没有开始即发现的，也绝没有恶寒与发热同时并见的，其脉必沉细。治宜附子回阳（Restore Yang）。
除此之外，恶寒还可见于新感温病（New-onset Warm Disease），初起恶寒轻，发热重，或兼口渴等症；新感引动伏邪者，其恶寒，并兼有舌赤口渴等里热证表现。 二、发热恶寒 有以下几种情况： (一)伤寒（Shanghan/Cold Damage） 1．太阳病：是恶寒重、发热轻的证候，有的初起单恶寒，不发热，有的重衣厚被不能少解，必兼头痛、项强、脉浮等，口必不渴。治疗主药冬季多用麻桂（Mahuang and Guizhi），春秋多用荆防（Jingjie and Fangfeng），夏季多用香薷（Xiangru）。
2．太阳兼少阳病：发热微恶寒，兼肢节烦痛，微呕，心下支结。方如柴胡桂枝汤（Chaihu Guizhi Tang）。
3．太阳兼阳明病：发热恶寒，兼腹满大便不通。方如桂枝加大黄汤（Guizhi Jiadahuang Tang）、厚朴七物汤（Houpo Qi Wu Tang）。
4．太阳兼少阴病：发热轻，恶寒重，脉必微细。方如麻黄附子细辛汤（Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Tang）。
(二)温病（Warm Disease）
1．温病邪在上焦肺卫：感受温邪，故恶寒轻，发热重，且有口渴、咽干等症。
2．冬温犯肺：这是冬季感受温邪，故恶寒轻，发热重，且有口渴、咽干的症候，因为所伤是肺经，所以必兼鼻塞、流涕、咳嗽等症。
3．湿温（Damp-heat Warmth），邪在肺卫，清阳被阻：此证只宜用藿香、紫苏、桔梗、杏仁、苡仁等药宣肺达邪，芳香化湿，不宜重用发汗。 三、但发热不恶寒。或反恶热 可见于：
(一)伤寒阳明病（Yangming Disease of Shanghan）。
(二)温病：邪在气分者，舌必自黄，用白虎汤（Baihu Tang）；在营血分者，高热持续不退，舌必绛，用清营汤（Qingying Tang）。
(三)肾热：按之至骨，其热烙手，骨困不任。治宜六味地黄丸（Liuwei Dihuang Wan）。
(四)火不归经：大热口渴，脉洪大无伦，按之微弱。治宜十全大补汤（Shiquan Dabu Tang）吞八味丸（Bawei Wan）。
(五)阳郁于脾：治宜升阳散火汤（Shengyang Sanhuo Tang）。
(六)血虚：治宜当归补血汤（Danggui Buxue Tang）。
四、寒热往来
是指寒已而热，热已而寒，也就是发热之时不恶寒，恶寒之时不发热。可见于：
(一)伤寒少阳病：这是没有定时的寒热证，但必兼口苦、咽干、目眩、舌白、脉浮弦等方为确当，如大小柴胡汤证（Da/Minor Chaihu Tang Syndromes）。 (二)疟疾（Malaria）：这是有定时的寒热证，有连日发、间日发或三日发的不同，一日只发一次，时间或上午或下午，虽略有早迟之差，但大部分总是一定的。 (三)邪伏膜原 1．春温（Spring Warmth）：伏邪外出的主证，寒热如疟，没有定时，但它不同于伤寒少阳病者主要是兼有舌赤、苔垢等湿热相合的症状，如蒿芩清胆汤证（Haoqin Qingdan Tang Syndrome）是也。
2．伏暑（Latent Summerheat）：初起可能与寒热不规则的疟疾相混，但必兼脘闷口渴，午后热甚，入暮尤剧，天明得汗则热证减轻。若暑偏重者以清暑透热为主，若湿偏重者以清暑化湿为主。
咳 嗽
为咳嗽正名
咳嗽是肺脏病变中的一种常见症候，是喉中发出咳咳声音的一种疾病。古人云：有声无痰叫作咳，有痰无声叫作嗽，有痰又有声叫作咳嗽。李老认为，从临床实际观察看，不论写成文字，或是口头问答，往往把咳嗽二字作为通用的名称，而有痰无声的症候，从来没有见过用咳嗽二字表达的。因此，他主张应该从咳咳声音的有无来决定是否属于咳嗽。凡是有这种声音者，无论痰的有无，均可叫作“咳嗽”；没有这种声音，虽喉中痰声辘辘，也不得叫作“咳嗽”。至于其他各种咳嗽的名称，应该根据诊疗价值，把它肯定下来，若是质同名异，即既无诊疗价值，又觉得徒乱人意的重复性名称，该合并的合并，该取消的取消，使每一种名称都有明确固定的标准。如“干咳”、“燥咳”、“气咳”、“秋燥咳嗽”等，均与燥邪侵肺有关，临床表现均以无痰、无血的干咳为其共同特征，故可将上述诸咳合并为“干咳”一种。又如“实咳”、“虚咳”、“寒咳”、“热咳”等名称，过分笼统，应以具体的内伤、外感咳嗽证名取而代之等等。这样不但对于医者在认识和交流方面易于统一起来，而且对于患者也能减少他们不必要的顾虑。事实告诉我们，医者的说法分歧，每致患者不能充分信任，因而延误了治疗，影响了工作。古人说过：“名不正，言不顺，事不成矣。”对于中医学的继承及整理提高，应该首先着眼于名称，即名词术语的规范统一。正是基于这种考虑。
诸咳不同 须当细辨 一、咳嗽的主症及全身症状辨 (一)主症：喉中咳咳有声。
． (二)全身症状 1．咳而倚息不得卧：是指咳嗽气上逆，睡觉时或俯或仰，倚靠得很高，不能正常平卧者。多为外感风寒，或阳虚，水逆，痰饮冲肺所致。
2．咳而声重：是指咳嗽声音大而有力。多为邪盛而正未虚之外感、实证咳嗽。
3．咳而无痰：又叫干咳，多由肺燥阴虚所致。
4．痰不易咳出：是指咳痰粘稠，不易咯出者。多由燥痰或体虚久嗽咳痰无力所致。
5．咳痰稀而多：为湿痰水饮之证，源在脾而不在肺，由脾虚水湿失运所致。
6．咳血：指咳嗽而痰中有血，或纯粹咳血。多由外感或内伤化热、化火，灼伤肺络所致，或见于肺痈、肺痨等病。
7．痰中血丝：又名咯血，多为阴虚火旺，或肺有燥邪，热扰肺络所致。
8．偏睡：指侧卧一边，能左不能右，或能右不能左，或能俯不能仰。是虚劳骨蒸内热的证候，或见于瘀血咳嗽。
9．黄昏咳嗽：为阴虚咳嗽的主症。
10．五更咳嗽：多为食积咳嗽的主症，以小儿食积咳嗽为多见。
11．冬季咳甚，春夏即愈：多为阳虚咳嗽之主症。
12．久嗽：指咳嗽日久不愈。多属内伤虚劳之咳嗽。
13．新咳：指现得的咳嗽。多属外感。
14．气出或吐痰腥臭：是饮酒伤肺，肺热证之一。
15．咽喉不利：咽喉干燥梗痛，为肺热证之一。
16．口苦干燥：为肺热证之一。
17．面目浮肿：可因风寒侵肺或水饮冲肺所致。若兼见喘嗽肩息，脉浮而大者，多系死证。
18．微受风寒即发喘嗽：多因素体气阴两虚或气血两虚，复感风寒所致。
19．失音：多由久嗽或平素有火，复感风寒，火为寒束，寒中包火所致。
20．频吐痰涎：痰的成因极多，内伤外感，均可导致痰的产生，但以脾虚或湿困为根本原因。
21．身体赢瘦：多由虚劳久嗽所致。
22．咳声清亮：所谓金音清亮。多为偏于火而不兼湿之证。
23．咳而少气：即咳嗽气短，少气懒言。为肺气虚之证。
24．咳声重浊：重浊为土音，若兼痰多不渴，乃湿邪困脾，水饮过甚之证。
25．连声咳嗽：即咳声连连不断，持续时间较长。多见于小儿百日咳，或慢支久咳。
26．胸痛：咳而胸中隐隐作痛。多见于肺痈。
27．鼻燥：多为燥热咳嗽，必兼咽喉干燥等症。
二、识咳六法
对咳嗽病的诊断，首先必须辨清属外感还是内伤。外感咳嗽大部分是新病即新咳，但也有久病复感新邪者；内伤咳嗽大部分是久病，但亦有新病因内伤而引发者。外感方面，必须辨清风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火(热)，特别是风寒、风热、暑热、秋燥、寒湿、湿热等证；内伤方面，必须首先辨清肺脏的虚、实、寒、热，其次必须深究发病的脏腑，搞清楚究竟这种咳嗽是由于肺脏本身引起的，还是由于其他脏腑的疾病涉及到肺脏的。治病必求其本，如果先由肺脏本身引起的，以治肺为主，如果先由其他脏腑所起，则必须以治其他脏腑为主，否则主次不分，本末倒置，难以取效。
在辨识各种具体咳嗽病证时，须从以下6个方面加以鉴别：
1．从发病时间、季节上判断：如黄昏时咳嗽，多为阴虚；五更时咳嗽，多为饮食积滞；伤暑咳嗽，多发生在夏暑时节；秋燥咳嗽，必然发生在秋季等。
2．从咳嗽的声音上判断：如咳嗽声重，咳而有力，多为新病、实证；咳声重浊，即声音虽有力，但混浊而不清亮者，多为脾湿水饮侵肺证；咳声嘶哑，甚或失音者，多为虚证、久病；咳而呀呷有声，即喘息张口，喉中发出的声音，多为痰喘。
3．从痰之有无、多少、稠稀、颜色、易不易咳出判断：如咳而无痰者，为干咳，多为燥热伤津或阴虚所致；痰少稠粘，甚或痰黄，不易咯出者，多为燥热咳嗽；痰涎清稀色白，易于咯出者，多为寒湿或阳虚。
4．从发病的原因和其他疾病的先后顺序上判断：如妊娠期咳嗽，多为子嗽；咳嗽日久不愈，胸部饥时作痛，唇上有白点如粟者，为虫咳等。
5．从年龄的老幼上判断：如百日咳为小儿常见的一种咳嗽；慢支、肺心病之咳嗽，则多为中老年人特别是北方老年人所患的一种疾病等。
6．从兼症的情况判断：如咳嗽兼见恶寒、无汗、鼻塞或流清涕，脉浮紧或浮缓者，为风寒外感；咳嗽兼发热或恶寒头痛，痰黄粘稠而咳痰不爽，口渴咽痛，或有汗或无汗，脉浮而数者，为风热咳嗽；咳而痰多且稀，舌白滑润，不渴，脉弦滑，不喜冷性饮食者，为湿痰或痰饮咳嗽；咳而兼有表寒的恶寒发热、头痛、脉浮等，同时又兼见里热的口干、口苦、口渴喜冷性饮食等症者，为寒中包火咳嗽；燥咳胸痛，咳吐臭脓，或大量吐血，血中似有脓而腥臭，脉数实者，为肺痈咳嗽；咳血证已愈或未愈期间，兼见倚息不得卧，或侧卧一边者，多为瘀血咳嗽；咳而呕，呕甚则长虫出，为胃咳；咳呕胆汁，为胆咳；咳而遗溺，为膀胱咳；咳而腹满，不欲饮食，为三焦咳；咳而遗矢，为大肠咳；咳而矢气，为小肠咳；咳而两胁下痛，甚则不可以转，转则两胁下满者，为肝咳；咳而右胁下隐痛，引肩背，甚则不可以动，动则咳剧，为脾咳；咳而喘息有音，甚则唾血，为肺咳；咳而心痛，喉中介介如梗状，甚则咽中喉痹，为心咳。
湿痰咳嗽治疗七法
湿痰咳嗽是咳嗽病的一种常见证候。多因饮食生冷过度，伤及脾阳，或素体脾肾阳虚，复感寒湿之邪，使脾失健运，聚湿生痰，上渍于肺，肺失宣降，发为痰湿咳嗽。证候表现以咳嗽、痰多而稀且易排出、胸闷、苔腻、脉滑、饮食减少、不喜冷性饮食等为特点。
治疗湿痰咳嗽有以下七种方法：
1．利水：古人谓“积水成饮，饮凝成痰”，痰之本为水也，故利水之治，可消生痰之源。代表方剂如十枣汤（Shizao Tang）、控涎丹（Kongxian Dan）等。十枣汤重在水饮停蓄于胸腹，控涎丹则重在水饮停滞于胸膈。
2．燥湿：水湿内停，可凝聚生痰，故燥湿为治痰之上源的根本方法之一。代表方剂如加味二陈汤（Erchen Tang with modifications）、六安煎（Liuan Jian）等。
3．温阳：水饮为阴邪，得温方可消散，故温阳即温化痰饮，为治湿痰咳嗽之常法。代表方剂如苓桂术甘汤（Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang）、附子理中汤（Fuzi Lizhong Tang）等。
4．健脾：因脾属土，土能渗湿，又能制水，水湿的布运，全赖脾气的健运，方不致生湿、生痰。故健脾为治湿痰的根本方法。代表方剂如六君子汤（Liujunzi Tang）、二陈汤（Erchen Tang）等。
5．理气：指理肺气。因肺主一身之气，又肺为水之上源，肺气以清肃下降为顺，气行则水行，湿痰随气而行散，不致阻肺致咳，故理气为运化痰湿的重要方法。代表方剂如参苏饮（Shensu Yin）、通理汤（Tongli Tang）等。
6．散寒：湿痰咳嗽每多内伤、外感合并，如素体有湿痰或水饮，又兼外感寒邪，内外夹攻，使湿痰更甚，此时，解表散寒尤当重要。代表方剂如小青龙汤（Xiao Qinglong Tang）、杏苏饮（Xingsu Yin）等。
7．补肾：因肾藏一身之元阳，肾脏主水，又脾阳之运化有赖于肾阳的温煦，肾气行则脾气运，水自行也，故补肾为治水湿之根本。代表方剂如真武汤（Zhenwu Tang）、金匮肾气丸（Jinkui Shenqi Wan）等。
附案：
案一翟某，女，45岁。门诊号：58705。
1962年11月13日初诊：咳嗽、胸闷、气短、头痛、口不渴、大便溏1周，舌苔白腻，脉弦滑。此为中阳不振，水湿停聚。治宜温阳（温化痰饮）法。方用加味苓桂术甘汤：
茯苓9克桂枝6克 生白术6克 陈皮7．5克川贝4．5克 甘草3克
水煎服。1剂见效，3剂痊愈。
Differentiating Aversion to Cold I. Aversion to Cold To differentiate aversion to cold, the following symptoms must first be clarified: Aversion to cold (Aversion to cold): Refers to the sensation of fearing cold; it is a severe form of aversion to wind. This sensation of cold cannot be relieved even by wearing thick clothes, covering with heavy quilts, or seeking warmth from a fire. Aversion to wind (Aversion to wind): Refers to the sensation of fearing wind; it is a mild form of aversion to cold. One feels afraid when exposed to wind, but not when shielded from it. If covered tightly with clothes and quilts, this sensation does not occur; however, slight exposure of the body causes one to feel the chill of the wind. Desire for more clothing (Desire for more clothing): Refers to the preference for wearing additional layers of clothing; this is one of the specific manifestations of aversion to wind and cold. Reluctance to remove clothing or bedding (Reluctance to remove clothing or bedding): Refers to the unwillingness to take off clothes or blankets; this is also one of the specific manifestations of aversion to wind and cold. Preference for heat, warmth, and seeking fire: These are all specific manifestations of aversion to wind and cold. Summarizing these symptoms, they all represent sensations of fearing cold. In the *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage), there are mainly two types: (1) Exterior Cold Syndrome of Taiyang Disease: Most cases occur at the onset of illness, where aversion to cold and fever appear simultaneously (initially, there may be aversion to cold without fever). The pulse is necessarily floating, and the mouth is necessarily not thirsty. Treatment should employ sweating agents such as Mahuang and Guizhi to release the exterior and muscle layer. (2) Yang Deficiency Syndrome of Shaoyin Disease: Except for direct invasion of Shaoyin by cold pathogens, or simultaneous involvement of Taiyang and Shaoyin (Lianggan Syndrome), it never appears at the very beginning, nor does it present with simultaneous aversion to cold and fever. The pulse is necessarily deep and fine. Treatment should employ Fuzi to restore Yang. Besides these, aversion to cold can also be seen in new-onset Warm Diseases. Initially, aversion to cold is mild while fever is severe, possibly accompanied by thirst, etc. In cases where a new pathogen triggers latent pathogens, the aversion to cold is accompanied by interior heat signs such as a red tongue and thirst. II. Fever with Aversion to Cold There are several situations: (I) Shanghan (Cold Damage) 1. Taiyang Disease: This syndrome is characterized by severe aversion to cold and mild fever. Some initially present with only aversion to cold and no fever; others cannot find relief even with thick clothing and heavy quilts. It must be accompanied by headache, stiffness of the neck, floating pulse, etc., and the mouth is necessarily not thirsty. The main medicinal herbs used in winter are Mahuang and Guizhi; in spring and autumn, Jingjie and Fangfeng are commonly used; in summer, Xiangru is frequently used. 2. Taiyang combined with Shaoyin Disease: Mild fever with slight aversion to cold, accompanied by irritability and pain in the limbs and joints, slight vomiting, and subcostal fullness/stuffiness. Formulas include Chaihu Guizhi Tang. 3. Taiyang combined with Yangming Disease: Fever and aversion to cold, accompanied by abdominal fullness and constipation. Formulas include Guizhi Jiadahuang Tang and Houpo Qi Wu Tang. 4. Taiyang combined with Shaoyin Disease: Mild fever, severe aversion to cold, with a pulse that is necessarily slightly deep and fine. Formula: Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Tang. (II) Warm Diseases 1. Warm Pathogen affecting the Upper Jiao Lung Wei: Contracting warm pathogens leads to mild aversion to cold and severe fever, along with symptoms like thirst and dry throat. 2. Winter Warmth invading the Lung: Contracting warm pathogens in winter results in mild aversion to cold and severe fever, along with thirst and dry throat. Since the Lung Meridian is injured, it must be accompanied by nasal congestion, runny nose, cough, etc. 3. Damp-heat Warmth, pathogen in Lung Wei obstructing Clear Yang: This syndrome should only be treated with herbs like Huoxiang, Zisu, Jiegeng, Xingren, and Yiren to ventilate the Lung and expel pathogens, using aromatic damp-resolving methods. Heavy sweating should be avoided. III. Only Fever without Aversion to Cold, or Conversely, Aversion to Heat This can be seen in: (1) Yangming Disease of Shanghan. (2) Warm Diseases: When the pathogen is in the Qi Level, the tongue will naturally be yellow; use Baihu Tang. When in the Ying and Blood Levels, high fever persists without abating, and the tongue is crimson; use Qingying Tang. (3) Kidney Heat: Pressing down to the bone reveals heat that burns the hand, with bone fatigue and inability to bear weight. Treatment: Liuwei Dihuang Wan. (4) Fire failing to return to its meridian: Severe heat and thirst, pulse is surging and large beyond measure, but weak upon pressure. Treatment: Swallow Bawei Wan with Shiquan Dabu Tang. (5) Yang stagnation in the Spleen: Treatment: Shengyang Sanhuo Tang. (6) Blood Deficiency: Treatment: Danggui Buxue Tang. IV. Alternating Chills and Fever This refers to chills followed by fever, and fever followed by chills; that is, no aversion to cold during fever, and no fever during aversion to cold. This can be seen in: (1) Shaoyin Disease of Shanghan: This is an irregular alternating chills and fever syndrome, but it must be accompanied by bitter taste, dry throat, dizziness, white tongue coating, and floating-wiry pulse to be accurate, such as in Da Chaihu Tang or Xiao Chaihu Tang syndromes. (2) Malaria: This is a regular alternating chills and fever syndrome, occurring daily, every other day, or every third day. It occurs once a day, either in the morning or afternoon. Although there may be slight variations in timing, it is generally fixed. (3) Pathogen Latent in Mo Yuan (Membrane Source) 1. Spring Warmth: The main sign of latent pathogens emerging is chills and fever resembling malaria, without fixed timing. However, it differs from Shaoyin Disease of Shanghan mainly by being accompanied by signs of damp-heat combination such as a red tongue and greasy coating, as seen in Haoqin Qingdan Tang syndrome. 2. Latent Summerheat: Initially, it may be confused with irregular chills and fever malaria, but it must be accompanied by epigastric stuffiness and thirst, worse heat in the afternoon, especially severe at nightfall, and reduced heat after sweating at dawn. If summerheat predominates, clear summerheat and vent heat is the main approach; if dampness predominates, clear summerheat and resolve dampness is the main approach. Cough Naming Cough Correctly Cough is a common symptom in lung pathology, a disease characterized by a "ke-ke" sound from the throat. Ancients said: Sound without phlegm is called "Ke"; phlegm without sound is called "Sou"; both phlegm and sound together is called "Kesou". Elder Li believed that based on clinical observation, whether written or spoken, the term "Kesou" is often used generically. He has never seen the symptom of phlegm without sound expressed as "Kesou". Therefore, he advocates determining whether it belongs to "cough" based on the presence or absence of the "ke-ke" sound. Anyone with this sound, regardless of phlegm, can be called "cough"; without this sound, even with rattling phlegm sounds in the throat, it should not be called "cough". As for other names for coughs, they should be standardized based on diagnostic value. Names that are synonymous yet different, lacking diagnostic value and causing confusion, should be merged or abolished, ensuring each name has a clear, fixed standard. For example, "Dry Cough," "Dryness Cough," "Qi Cough," "Autumn Dryness Cough," etc., are all related to dryness pathogen invading the lung, sharing the common feature of dry cough without phlegm or blood. Thus, these can be merged into "Dry Cough." Similarly, terms like "Excess Cough," "Deficiency Cough," "Cold Cough," "Heat Cough" are too vague and should be replaced by specific internal injury or external contraction cough diagnoses. This unifies understanding and communication among physicians and reduces unnecessary anxiety for patients. Facts show that divergent opinions among physicians often lead to patient distrust, delaying treatment and affecting work. The ancients said: "If names are not correct, language is not in accordance with truth; if language is not in accordance with truth, affairs cannot be accomplished." In inheriting and improving Traditional Chinese Medicine, we should first focus on the standardization of terminology. Based on this consideration... Differentiating Various Coughs Requires Careful Distinction I. Differentiating Main Symptoms and Systemic Symptoms of Cough (1) Main Symptom: "Ke-ke" sound in the throat. (2) Systemic Symptoms 1. Cough with orthopnea (unable to lie flat): Refers to cough with rebellious Qi, sleeping propped up high, unable to lie flat normally. Mostly caused by external contraction of Wind-Cold, Yang deficiency, Water Counterflow, or Phlegm-Fluid rushing to the Lung. 2. Cough with heavy voice: Refers to loud and powerful coughing sounds. Mostly indicates Excess pattern cough due to strong pathogen and unstrengthened healthy Qi (external contraction, excess pattern). 3. Cough without phlegm: Also called Dry Cough, mostly caused by Lung Dryness and Yin Deficiency. 4. Difficult to expectorate phlegm: Refers to sticky phlegm that is hard to cough out. Mostly caused by Dry Phlegm or weakness from chronic cough leading to ineffective expectoration. 5. Thin and abundant phlegm: Indicates Damp-Phlegm and Phlegm-Fluid syndrome, originating in the Spleen, not the Lung, caused by Spleen deficiency failing to transport water-dampness. 6. Hemoptysis: Refers to coughing up blood in phlegm or pure hemoptysis. Mostly caused by external contraction or internal injury transforming into heat/fire, damaging Lung collaterals, or seen in Lung Abscess and Tuberculosis. 7. Blood streaks in phlegm: Also known as hemoptysis, mostly caused by Yin Deficiency with Fire Hyperactivity, or Dryness pathogen in the Lung disturbing Lung collaterals. 8. Sleeping on one side: Refers to lying on one side, able to lie left but not right, or vice versa, or prone but not supine. This is a sign of Consumptive Disease with Bone-steaming Internal Heat, or seen in Blood Stasis Cough. 9. Evening Cough: The main symptom of Yin Deficiency Cough. 10. Dawn Cough: Mostly the main symptom of Food Stagnation Cough, common in children with food stagnation. 11. Worse cough in winter, healing in spring/summer: Mostly the main symptom of Yang Deficiency Cough. 12. Chronic Cough: Refers to cough lasting long without healing. Mostly belongs to Internal Injury Consumptive Cough. 13. New Cough: Refers to recently acquired cough. Mostly belongs to External Contraction. 14. Breath or sputum smells fishy/foul: One of the Lung Heat syndromes caused by alcohol injuring the Lung. 15. Throat discomfort: Dryness and obstruction/pain in the throat, one of the Lung Heat syndromes. 16. Bitter and dry mouth: One of the Lung Heat syndromes. 17. Facial and eye edema: Can be caused by Wind-Cold invading the Lung or Phlegm-Fluid rushing to the Lung. If accompanied by wheezing cough, shoulder breathing, and floating-large pulse, it is mostly a fatal sign. 18. Wheezing cough triggered by slight Wind-Cold: Mostly due to underlying Qi and Yin deficiency or Qi and Blood deficiency, compounded by Wind-Cold contraction. 19. Aphonia: Mostly caused by chronic cough or underlying Fire, compounded by Wind-Cold, where Fire is constrained by Cold (Fire enclosed within Cold). 20. Frequent spitting of saliva/phlegm: There are many causes of phlegm; both internal injuries and external contractions can produce phlegm, but Spleen deficiency or Dampness encumberment is the root cause. 21. Emaciation: Mostly caused by chronic cough from Consumptive Disease. 22. Clear and bright cough sound: So-called "Metal sound clear and bright." Mostly indicates a Heat pattern without Dampness. 23. Cough with shortness of breath: Cough with short breath, reluctance to speak. Indicates Lung Qi Deficiency. 24. Heavy and turbid cough sound: Turbidity is Earth sound. If accompanied by much phlegm and no thirst, it indicates Dampness encumbering the Spleen and excessive Phlegm-Fluid. 25. Continuous coughing: Coughing continuously for a prolonged period. Common in pediatric Pertussis or chronic bronchitis cough. 26. Chest pain: Dull pain in the chest during cough. Common in Lung Abscess. 27. Dry nose: Mostly Dry-Heat Cough, must be accompanied by dry throat, etc. II. Six Methods for Identifying Cough In diagnosing cough diseases, one must first distinguish between External Contraction and Internal Injury. External contraction coughs are mostly new diseases/new coughs, but some chronic patients contract new pathogens; Internal injury coughs are mostly chronic, but some new diseases are triggered by internal injury. Regarding external contraction, one must distinguish Wind, Cold, Summerheat, Dampness, Dryness, and Fire (Heat), especially Wind-Cold, Wind-Heat, Summerheat-Heat, Autumn Dryness, Cold-Damp, and Damp-Heat. Regarding internal injury, one must first distinguish Lung Deficiency, Excess, Cold, and Heat, then investigate which organs are involved to determine if the cough originates from the Lung itself or other organs affecting the Lung. Treating disease requires addressing the root. If originating from the Lung, treat the Lung primarily; if originating from other organs, treat those organs primarily. Otherwise,主次不分 (failure to distinguish primary and secondary), treating symptoms over root, makes efficacy difficult. When identifying specific cough syndromes, differentiation must be made from the following 6 aspects: 1. From onset time and season: e.g., evening cough is mostly Yin Deficiency; dawn cough is mostly Food Stagnation; Summerheat cough occurs in summer; Autumn Dryness cough occurs in autumn. 2. From cough sound: e.g., heavy and powerful cough is mostly new disease/excess pattern; heavy and turbid sound (powerful but unclear) is mostly Spleen Dampness/Water-Fluid invading Lung; hoarse or aphonic cough is mostly deficiency/chronic disease; cough with "ya-xia" sound (wheezing with open mouth) is mostly Phlegm-Wheezing. 3. From presence/absence, amount, thickness, color, and ease of expectoration: e.g., cough without phlegm is Dry Cough, mostly Dry-Heat injuring fluids or Yin Deficiency; small amount of thick/sticky or yellow phlegm, hard to expectorate, is mostly Dry-Heat Cough; clear, thin, white phlegm, easy to expectorate, is mostly Cold-Damp or Yang Deficiency. 4. From cause and sequence of other diseases: e.g., cough during pregnancy is mostly Zi Sou (Pregnancy Cough); chronic cough with intermittent chest pain and millet-like white spots on lips is Worm Cough. 5. From age: e.g., Pertussis is common in children; chronic bronchitis and cor pulmonale cough are mostly middle-aged and elderly, especially northern elderly. 6. From accompanying symptoms: e.g., cough with aversion to cold, no sweat, nasal congestion/clear discharge, floating-tight or floating-slow pulse is Wind-Cold External Contraction; cough with fever or aversion to cold/headache, yellow sticky phlegm, difficult expectoration, thirst, sore throat, with or without sweat, floating-rapid pulse is Wind-Heat Cough; cough with much thin phlegm, white slippery tongue coating, no thirst, wiry-slippery pulse, dislike cold food is Damp-Phlegm or Phlegm-Fluid Cough; cough with exterior cold signs (aversion to cold, fever, headache, floating pulse) plus interior heat signs (dry mouth, bitter taste, thirst for cold drinks) is Cold Enclosing Fire Cough; dry cough with chest pain, coughing foul pus or massive hemoptysis with pus-like bloody smell, rapid-excess pulse is Lung Abscess Cough; during remission or persistence of hemoptysis, with orthopnea or side-sleeping, mostly Blood Stasis Cough; cough with vomiting, severe vomiting expelling roundworms is Stomach Cough; cough with bile vomiting is Gallbladder Cough; cough with urinary incontinence is Bladder Cough; cough with abdominal fullness and loss of appetite is Triple Burner Cough; cough with fecal incontinence is Large Intestine Cough; cough with flatus is Small Intestine Cough; cough with bilateral hypochondriac pain, inability to turn, fullness upon turning is Liver Cough; cough with right hypochondriac dull pain radiating to shoulder/back, inability to move, worsening upon movement is Spleen Cough; cough with wheezing sound, even spitting blood is Lung Cough; cough with heart pain, feeling of foreign body in throat, severe throat obstruction is Heart Cough. Seven Methods for Treating Damp-Phlegm Cough Damp-Phlegm Cough is a common syndrome of cough diseases. It is mostly caused by excessive consumption of raw/cold foods injuring Spleen Yang, or underlying Spleen-Kidney Yang deficiency compounded by Cold-Damp pathogens, causing Spleen failure to transport, accumulation of dampness generating phlegm, flooding upward to the Lung, Lung failure to diffuse and descend, resulting in Phlegm-Damp Cough. Symptoms include cough, abundant thin phlegm easy to expectorate, chest stuffiness, greasy coating, slippery pulse, decreased appetite, dislike for cold food. Seven treatment methods for Damp-Phlegm Cough: 1. Promote Urination: Ancients said, "Accumulated water becomes fluid, condensed fluid becomes phlegm." The root of phlegm is water. Thus, promoting urination eliminates the source of phlegm. Representative formulas: Shizao Tang, Kongxian Dan. Shizao Tang focuses on water-fluid retention in chest/abdomen; Kongxian Dan focuses on water-fluid stagnation in chest/diaphragm. 2. Dry Dampness: Internal retention of water-dampness condenses to form phlegm. Thus, drying dampness is a fundamental method for treating phlegm. Representative formulas: Modified Erchen Tang (Erchen Tang plus Xingren, Ganjiang, Xixin, Wuweizi), Liuan Jian (Erchen Tang plus Xingren, Baijiezǐ). 3. Warm Yang: Water-fluid is a Yin pathogen, dissipating only with warmth. Thus, warming Yang warms and transforms phlegm-fluid, a common method for Damp-Phlegm Cough. Representative formulas: Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang, Fuzi Lizhong Tang. 4. Strengthen Spleen: Spleen belongs to Earth; Earth drains dampness and controls water. Water-damp distribution relies on robust Spleen Qi to prevent dampness/phlegm generation. Thus, strengthening Spleen is the fundamental method for Damp-Phlegm. Representative formulas: Liujunzi Tang, Erchen Tang. 5. Regulate Qi: Refers to regulating Lung Qi. Lung governs Qi in the body and is the upper source of water. Lung Qi descends clearly and purely; when Qi moves, water moves. Damp-phlegm disperses with Qi movement, preventing Lung obstruction and cough. Thus, regulating Qi is important for transporting damp-phlegm. Representative formulas: Shensu Yin, Tongli Tang. 6. Dispel Cold: Damp-Phlegm cough often combines internal injury and external contraction. If underlying damp-phlegm/water-fluid exists with external Cold contraction, internal and external attack worsens damp-phlegm. At this time, releasing exterior and dispelling cold is crucial. Representative formulas: Xiao Qinglong Tang, Xingsu Yin. 7. Tonify Kidney: Kidney stores primal Yang and governs water. Spleen Yang transformation relies on Kidney Yang warming. When Kidney Qi moves, Spleen Qi transports, and water flows. Thus, tonifying Kidney is fundamental for treating water-dampness. Representative formulas: Zhenwu Tang, Jinkui Shenqi Wan. Appendix Cases Case 1 Patient Zhai, Female, 45 years old. Outpatient No.: 58705. Initial visit Nov 13, 1962: Cough, chest stuffiness, shortness of breath, headache, no thirst, loose stools for 1 week. Tongue coating white and greasy, pulse wiry and slippery. This is Middle Yang failing to rise, water-dampness stagnation. Treatment: Warm Yang (warm and transform phlegm-fluid) method. Formula: Modified Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang: Poria 9g, Cinnamon Twig 6g, Raw Atractylodes Macrocephala 6g, Tangerine Peel 7.5g, Fritillaria Cirrhosa 4.5g, Licorice 3g. Decoct in water and drink. Effective after 1 dose, cured after 3 doses.