此言用针之法有住痛移疼之功者必先以针左行左转而得九数复以右行右转而得六数此乃阴阳
交贯之道也经脉亦有交贯如太阴肺之列缺交于阳明大肠之路阳明胃之丰隆别走于少阳之迳此
之谓也
岂不闻脏腑病求门海俞募之类俞者五脏六腑之俞也
门海者如章门气海之类俞者五脏六腑之俞也俱在背部二行中募者脏腑之募肺募中府心募巨阙
胃
募中脘肝募期门胆募日月脾募章门肾募京门大肠募天枢小肠募关元但三焦包络膀胱而无募矣
此言五脏六腑之有病必取此门海俞募之穴而刺之最微妙矣
经络滞而求原别交会之道
原者十二经之原也别阳别也交阴交也会八会也夫十二原者胆原丘墟肝原太冲小肠原腕骨心原
神
门胃原冲阳脾原太白大肠原合谷肺原太渊膀胱原京骨肾原太溪三焦原阳池包络原大陵八会者
血会膈俞气会膻中脉会太渊筋会阳陵泉骨会大杼髓会绝骨脏会章门腑会中脘也此言经络血气
凝结不通者必取此原别交会之穴而刺之
更穷四根三结根据标本而刺无不痊
根结者十二经之根结也灵枢经云太阴根于隐白结于大仓也少阴根于涌泉结于廉泉也
厥阴根于大敦结于玉堂也太阳根于至阴结于目也阳明根于厉兑结于钳耳也少阳根于窍阴结于
耳也手太阳根于少泽结于天窗支正也手少阳根于关冲结于天牖外关也手阳明根于商阳结于扶
突偏历也手三阴之经下载不敢强注又云四根者耳根鼻根乳根脚根也三结者胸结肢结便结也此
言能究根结之理根据上文标本之法刺之则疾无不愈也
但用八法五门分主客而刺无不效
八法者奇经八脉也公孙仲脉胃心胸内关阴维下捻同临泣胆经连带脉阳维目锐外关逢后溪督脉
内颈申脉阳跷络亦通列缺肺任行肺系阴跷照海膈喉咙五门者天地配合分于五也甲与己合乙
与庚合与典辛合丁与壬合戊与癸合也主客者公孙主内关客也临泣主外关客也后溪主申脉客列
缺主照海客也此言若用八法必以五门推时取穴先主后客而无不效也详载于后
八脉始终连八会本是纪纲
八脉者即奇经也注见上文八会者气血脉筋骨髓脏腑之八会也亦注见前纪纲者如纲
之有纲也此言奇经八脉起止连及八会本是人身经脉之纲领也
十二经络十二原是一枢要
十二经十五络十二原穴俱注见前此言十二原者乃十二经络出入门户之枢纽也
一日取六十六穴之法方见幽微
六十六穴者即子午流注井荣俞原经合也阳于注腑三十六穴阴于注脏三十穴此成六十六穴具载
后子午流注图中此言经络一日一周于身历行十二经穴当此之时流注之中一穴用之则幽微之
理可见矣
一时取一十二经之原始知要妙
十二经原注见于前此言一时之中当审此日是何经所主当此之时该取本日此经之原始穴而刺之
则流注之法玄妙始可知矣
原夫补泻之法非呼吸而在手指
此言补泻之法非但呼吸而在乎手之指法也法分十四者循门提按弹捻搓盘推内动摇爪切进
退出摄者是也法则如斯巧拙在人之活法备详金针赋内
速效之功要交正而识本经
交正者如大肠与肺为传送之府心与小肠为受盛之官脾与胃为消化之宫肝与胆为清净之位
膀胱合肾阴阳相通表里相应也本经者受病之经如心之病必取小肠之穴兼之余仿少言能识本
经之病又要认交经正经之理则针之功必速矣
交经缪刺左有病而右畔取
缪刺也刺络脉也右痛而刺左左痛而刺右此乃交经缪刺之理也
泻络远针头有病而脚上针
三阳之经从头下足故言头有病必取足穴而刺之
巨刺与缪刺各异
巨刺者刺经脉也痛在左而右脉病者则巨刺之左痛刺右右痛刺左中其经也缪刺者刺络脉也身形
有痛九候无则缪刺之右痛刺左左痛刺右中其络也经云左盛则右病右盛则左病亦有移易者右痛
未已而左脉先病如此者必巨刺之中其经非络脉也故络病其经与经脉缪处故曰缪刺此刺法之相
同但一中经一中络之异耳
微针与妙刺相通
微针者刺之巧也妙刺者针之妙也言二者之相通
观部分而知经络之虚实
言针入肉分则以天人地三部而进必察其得气则内外虚实易见矣又云察脉之三部则知何经虚何
经实也
视沉浮而辩脏腑之寒温
言下针之后看针气缓急可决脏腑之寒热也
且夫先令针耀而虑针损次藏口内而欲针温
言欲下针之时必先令针光耀看针莫有损坏次将针含于口内令针温暖与荣卫相接无相触犯也
目无外视手如握虎心无内慕如待贵人
此戒用针之士贵乎专心诚意而自重也令目无他视如握虎恐有伤也心无他想如待贵人恐有责也
经云凡刺之道必观其部心无别慕手如擒虎犹待贵人不知日暮着意留心不失其所此之谓也
左手重而多按欲令气散右手轻而徐入不痛之因
言欲下针之时必先以左手大指爪甲于穴上切之则令其气散以右手持针轻轻徐入此乃不痛之因
也
空心恐怯直立侧而多晕
空心者未食之前此言无刺饥人其气血未定则令人恐惧有怕怯之心或直立或侧卧必有眩晕之咎
也
昏目沁掐坐卧平而后昏
此言欲下针之时必令患人勿视所针之处以手爪甲重切其穴或卧或坐而无昏闷之患也
椎于十干十变知孔穴之开阖
十干者甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸也十变者遂日临时之变也备载灵龟八法之中故得时为之开
失时为之阖苟能明此则知孔穴之得失也
谕其五行五脏察日时之旺衰
五行五脏俱注见前此言病于本日时之下得五行生者旺受五行克者衰知心之病得甲乙之日时者
生旺遇壬癸之日时者克衰余皆仿此
伏如横弩应若发机
此言用针之捷效如射之发中也
阴交阳别而定血晕阴跷阴维而下胎衣
阴交穴有二一在脐下一寸一在足内踝上三寸名三阴之交也此言二穴能定妇人之血晕又言照海
内关二穴能下产妇之胎也
痹厥偏枯迎随俾经络接续
痹厥者四肢厥冷麻痹也偏枯者中风半身不遂偏枯也言治此症必须接气通经更以迎随之法使血
脉贯通经络接续也
漏崩带下温补使气血根据归
漏崩带下者女子之疾也言有此症必须温针待暖以补之使荣调和而归根据也
静以久留停针待之
此言下针之后必须静而久停之
必准者取照海治喉中之闭塞端的处用大钟治心内之呆痴照海等穴俱载折量法中故不重录
大抵疼痛实泻痒麻虚补
此言疼痛者热宜泻之以凉痒麻者冷宜补以暖
体重节痛而俞居心下痞满而井十二
俞者十二经中之俞穴井者十二经中之井也
心胀咽痛针太冲而必除脾冷胃疼泻公孙而立愈胸满腹痛刺内关胁痛肋疼针飞虎
太冲等穴俱载后面但飞虎穴即童门穴也又云是支沟穴以手于虎口一飞中指书处是穴也
筋挛骨痛而补魂门体热劳嗽而泻魄户头风痛刺申脉与金门眼痒眼痛泻光明于地五泻阴
止盗汗治小儿骨蒸刺偏历利小便医大人水蛊中风环跳而宜刺虚损天枢而可取地
五者即地五会也
由是午前卯后太阴生而疾温离左酉南月死朔而速冷
此以月生死为期午前卯后者辰巳二时也当此之时太阴月之生也是故月廓空无泻宜疾温之离左
酉南者未申二时也当此时分太阴月之死也是故月廓盈无补宜速冷之将一月而比一日也经云月
生一日一 二日二 至十五日十五 十六日十四 十七日十三 渐退至三十日一 也月望巳
前谓之生月望巳后谓之死午前谓之生午后谓之死也
推扪弹弩留吸母而坚长
循者用针之后以手上下循之使血气往来而已扪者出针之后以手扪闭其穴使气不泄也弹弩者
以手轻弹而补虚也留吸母者虚则补其母须待热之至后留吸而坚长也
爪下伸疾呼子而嘘短
爪下者切而下针也伸提者施针轻浮豆许曰提疾呼子者实则泻其子务待寒至之后去之速而嘘且
短矣
动退空歇迎夺石而泻凉
动退以针摇动而退如气不行将针伸提而已空歇撒手而停针迎以针逆而迎夺即泻其子也如心之
病必泻脾胃之子此言欲泻必施此法也
推内进搓随济而补暖
推内进者用针推内而入也搓者犹如搓线之状慢慢转针勿令太紧随以针顺而随之济则济其母也
如心之病必补肝胆之母此言欲补必用此法也
慎之大凡危疾色脉不顺而莫针
慎之者戒之也此言有危笃之疾必观其形色更察其脉若相反者莫与用针恐劳而无功反获罪也
寒热风阴饥饱醉劳而切忌
此言无针大寒大热大风大阴雨大饥大饱大醉大劳凡此之类决不可用针实大忌也
望不补而晦不泻弦不夺而朔不济
望每月十五日也晦每月三十日也弦有上下弦上弦或初七或十七下弦或二十二或二十三也朔
每月初一日也凡值此二不可用针施法也暴忌之疾岂可拘于此哉
精其心而穷其法无灸艾而坏其干
此言灸也勉医者宜专心究其穴法无着误于着艾之功庶免干犯于禁忌而坏人之皮肉也
正其理而求其原勉投针而失其位
此言针也勉学人要明其针道之理察病之原则用针不失其所也
避灸处而和四肢四十有九禁刺处而除六 二十有二
禁灸之穴四十五吏和四肢之井共四十九也禁针之穴二千二外除六腑之俞也俱载于前
抑又闻高年抱疾未瘥李氏刺巨阙而复苏太子暴死为厥越
人针维会而复醒一井曲池甄权刺臂痛而复射悬钟环跳华佗刺 足而立行秋大针腰俞而鬼免沉
王纂针交俞而妖精立出取肝俞与命门使瞽士视秋毫之末刺少阳与交别俾聋夫听夏蚋之声
此引先师用针有此立效之功以砺学人用心之诚耳且夫去圣逾远此道渐坠或不得意而散其学或
愆其能而犯禁忌愚庸智浅难契于玄言至道渊深得之者有几偶述斯言不敢示诸明达者焉庶几乎
童蒙之心启
此先师叹圣贤之古远针道之渐衰理法幽深难造其极复以谦逊之言以结之吁窦太师乃万世之师
穷道契玄尚且谦言以示后学世之徒知一二而自矜自伐者岂不愧哉
这里论述的是用针具有止痛移痛功效的方法:必须先以针向左行、左转而得到“九”这个阳数,再以针向右行、右转而得到“六”这个阴数。这是阴阳交贯的道理。经脉也有交贯的情况,例如太阴肺经的列缺穴交于阳明大肠经的路径,阳明胃经的丰隆穴别走于少阳经的路径,说的就是这种情况。
难道没听说过脏腑有病要取“门海俞募”这类穴位吗?“俞”是五脏六腑的背俞穴。“门海”如章门、气海之类。“俞”是五脏六腑的俞穴,都位于背部第二行中。“募”是脏腑的募穴:肺募在中府,心募在巨阙,胃募在中脘,肝募为期门,胆募为日月,脾募为章门,肾募为京门,大肠募为天枢,小肠募为关元。只有三焦、心包络和膀胱没有募穴。这里说的是五脏六腑如果有病,必须取这些“门海俞募”的穴位进行针刺,最为微妙。
经络阻滞就要寻求原穴、别络、交会穴的道理。“原”是十二经的原穴。“别”是阳经的别络。“交”是阴经的交会。“会”是八会穴。所谓十二原穴:胆原丘墟,肝原太冲,小肠原腕骨,心原神门,胃原冲阳,脾原太白,大肠原合谷,肺原太渊,膀胱原京骨,肾原太溪,三焦原阳池,心包络原大陵。八会穴是:血会膈俞,气会膻中,脉会太渊,筋会阳陵泉,骨会大杼,髓会绝骨,脏会章门,腑会中脘。这里说的是经络气血凝结不通时,必须取这些原穴、别络、交会穴进行针刺。
进一步探究四根三结,根据标本理论进行针刺,没有不痊愈的。“根结”是十二经的根结。《灵枢经》说:太阴经根于隐白,结于太仓;少阴经根于涌泉,结于廉泉;厥阴经根于大敦,结于玉堂;太阳经根于至阴,结于目;阳明经根于厉兑,结于钳耳;少阳经根于窍阴,结于耳。手太阳经根于少泽,结于天窗、支正;手少阳经根于关冲,结于天牖、外关;手阳明经根于商阳,结于扶突、偏历。手三阴经的下文不敢强行注解。又说“四根”是指耳根、鼻根、乳根、脚根;“三结”是指胸结、肢结、便结。这里说的是如果能穷究根结的道理,依据上文的标本之法进行针刺,那么疾病没有不愈的。
但使用八法五门,分主客而刺,没有不有效的。“八法”指的是奇经八脉。公孙通冲脉,主治胃心胸;内关通阴维脉,下捻同治;临泣通带脉,主治胆经连带脉、阳维脉及目锐眦;外关通阳维脉,主治后溪督脉及颈部;申脉通阳跷脉,亦相通;列缺通任脉,主治肺系;照海通阴跷脉,主治膈喉咙。这五种配穴(五门)是天地配合分于五行:甲与己合,乙与庚合,丙与辛合,丁与壬合,戊与癸合。主客关系是:公孙为主,内关为客;临泣为主,外关为客;后溪为主,申脉为客;列缺为主,照海为客。这里说的是如果使用八法,必须以五门推演时辰取穴,先主后客,就没有不有效的。详细记载在后面。
八脉始终连接八会,本是人体经脉的纲领。“八脉”即奇经八脉,注释见上文。“八会”是气血脉筋骨髓脏腑的八个会穴,也注见于前。“纪纲”就像网的总绳一样。这里说的是奇经八脉起止连及八会,本是人身经脉的纲领。
十二经络和十二原穴是一个枢纽。“十二经”、“十五络”、“十二原穴”俱注见于前。这里说的是十二原穴乃是十二经络出入门户的枢纽。
一日取六十六穴的方法,方能见到幽微之理。“六十六穴”即子午流注中的井、荥、俞、原、经、合穴。阳日注腑三十六穴,阴日注脏三十穴,共成六十六穴,具载于后文子午流注图中。这里说的是经络一日周身运行一周,历行十二经穴,当此时机,在流注之中取一穴施用,则幽微之理可见。
一时取一十二经之原穴,始知要领妙处。十二经原穴注见于前。这里说的是在一时之中,应当审察此日是何经所主,当此时机,该取本日此经的原穴进行针刺,则流注之法玄妙始可知矣。
原来补泻之法,不在于呼吸,而在于手指的操作。这里说的是补泻之法不仅在于呼吸,更在于手法的运用。手法分为十四种:循、门、提、按、弹、捻、搓、盘、推、内、动摇、爪、切、进、出、摄。法则如此,巧拙在于人的灵活运用,详见于《金针赋》内。
速效之功,要交经正并认识本经。交经正如大肠与肺为传送之府,心与小肠为受盛之官,脾与胃为消化之宫,肝与胆为清净之位,膀胱合肾,阴阳相通,表里相应。本经是指受病的经脉,如心病必取小肠之穴,其余仿此类推。若能识别本经之病,又要认清交经正经的道理,那么针刺的功效必然迅速。
交经缪刺,左边有病而在右边取穴。缪刺即是刺络脉,右痛刺左,左痛刺右,这是交经缪刺的道理。
泻络远针头,头有病而在脚上取穴。三阳经从头下行至足,所以说头有病必取足穴而刺之。
巨刺与缪刺不同。巨刺是刺经脉,痛在左而右脉病者,则巨刺之,左痛刺右,右痛刺左,中其经。缪刺是刺络脉,身形有痛,九候无病者则缪刺之,右痛刺左,左痛刺右,中其络。经文说左盛则右病,右盛则左病,也有转移变化的。右痛未止而左脉先病,如此者必用巨刺,中其经而非络脉。所以络病,其经与经脉交错,故曰缪刺。这两种刺法相同之处,只是中经和中络的区别。
微针与妙刺相通。微针是指刺入的技巧,妙刺是指针法的奥妙,言二者是相通的。
观察分部而知经络的虚实。意思是针入肉分时,则以天、人、地三部进针,必须察觉得气,则内外虚实易见。又说要察脉之三部,则知何经虚何经实。
视沉浮而辨别脏腑的寒温。意思是下针之后,看针气的缓急,可决断脏腑的寒热。
况且首先要使针光亮并顾虑针是否损坏,其次将针含在口中使其温暖。意思是欲下针之时,必先令针光耀,看针莫有损坏,其次将针含于口内令针温暖,与营卫相接,无相触犯。
目不外视,手如握虎,心无内慕,如待贵人。这是告诫用针之士贵在专心诚意而自重。令目不他视,如握虎恐有伤也;心无他想,如待贵人恐有责也。经文说凡刺之道,必观其部,心无别慕,手如擒虎,犹待贵人,不知日暮,着意留心,不失其所,说的就是这个道理。
左手重而多按,欲令气散;右手轻而徐入,不痛的缘由。意思是欲下针之时,必先以左手大拇指爪甲于穴上切之,则令其气散,以右手持针轻轻徐入,此乃不痛的缘由。
空心恐怯,直立侧卧而多晕。空心是指未食之前。这里说的是不可刺饥人,其气血未定,则令人恐惧有怕怯之心,或直立或侧卧必有眩晕之咎。
昏目沁掐,坐卧平而后昏。这里说的是欲下针之时,必令患人勿视所针之处,以手爪甲重切其穴,或卧或坐而无昏闷之患。
推于十干十变,知孔穴之开阖。十干是甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸。十变是逐日临时之变,备载于灵龟八法之中,故得时为之开,失时为之阖。苟能明此,则知孔穴之得失。
谕其五行五脏,察日时之旺衰。五行五脏俱注见于前。这里说的是病于本日时之下,得五行生者旺,受五行克者衰。知心之病,得甲乙之日时者生旺,遇壬癸之日时者克衰,余皆仿此。
伏如横弩,应若发机。这里说的是用针的捷效如射箭之发中。
阴交阳别而定血晕,阴跷阴维而下胎衣。阴交穴有二:一在脐下一寸,一在足内踝上三寸名三阴之交。这里说的是二穴能定妇人之血晕。又言照海、内关二穴能下产妇之胎衣。
痹厥偏枯,迎随俾经络接续。痹厥是四肢厥冷麻痹,偏枯是中风半身不遂。言治此症必须接气通经,更以迎随之法使血脉贯通,经络接续。
漏崩带下,温补使气血归依。漏崩带下是女子之疾。言有此症必须温针待暖以补之,使营调和而归依。
静以久留,停针待之。这里说的是下针之后必须静而久停之。
必准者,取照海治喉中之闭塞;端的处,用大钟治心内之呆痴。照海等穴俱载折量法中,故不重录。
大抵疼痛实泻,痒麻虚补。这里说的是疼痛者属热宜泻之以凉,痒麻者属冷宜补以暖。
体重节痛而俞居,心下痞满而井十二。俞是十二经中之俞穴,井是十二经中之井穴。
心胀咽痛针太冲而必除,脾冷胃疼泻公孙而立愈,胸满腹痛刺内关,胁痛肋疼针飞虎。太冲等穴俱载后面,但飞虎穴即童门穴也。又云是支沟穴,以手于虎口一飞中指书处是穴也。
筋挛骨痛而补魂门,体热劳嗽而泻魄户,头风痛刺申脉与金门,眼痒眼痛泻光明于地五,泻阴止盗汗,治小儿骨蒸刺偏历,利小便医大人水蛊,中风环跳而宜刺,虚损天枢而可取。地五即地五会也。
由是午前卯后,太阴生而疾温;离左酉南,月死朔而速冷。这是以月生死为期。午前卯后者是辰巳二时,当此时,太阴月之生也,是故月廓空无泻,宜疾温之。离左酉南者是未申二时,当此时分,太阴月之死也,是故月廓盈无补,宜速冷之。将一月而比一日。经文说月生一日一,二日二,至十五日十五,十六日十四,十七日十三,渐退至三十日一。月望巳前谓之生,月望巳后谓之死,午前谓之生,午后谓之死。
推扪弹弩,留吸母而坚长。循是用针之后以手上下循之使血气往来而已。扪是出针之后以手扪闭其穴使气不泄。弹弩是以手轻弹而补虚。留吸母是虚则补其母,须待热之至后留吸而坚长。
爪下伸疾呼,子而嘘短。爪下是切而下针。伸提是施针轻浮豆许曰提。疾呼子是实则泻其子,务待寒至之后去之速而嘘且短。
动退空歇,迎夺石而泻凉。动退是以针摇动而退,如气不行将针伸提而已。空歇是撒手而停针。迎是以针逆而迎,夺即泻其子也,如心之病必泻脾胃之子。此言欲泻必施此法。
推内进搓,随济而补暖。推内进是用针推内而入。搓是犹如搓线之状慢慢转针勿令太随。以针顺而随之,济则济其母也,如心之病必补肝胆之母。此言欲补必用此法。
慎之大凡危疾色脉不顺而莫针。慎之是戒之。此言有危笃之疾,必观其形色,更察其脉,若相反者莫与用针,恐劳而无功,反获罪。
寒热风阴,饥饱醉劳而切忌。这里说的是无针大寒大热大风大雨,大饥大饱大醉大劳,凡此之类决不可用针,实大忌。
望不补而晦不泻,弦不夺而朔不济。望是每月十五日,晦是每月三十日,弦有上下弦,上弦或初七或十七,下弦或二十二或二十三,朔是每月初一日。凡值此二不可用针施法。暴忌之疾岂可拘于此哉。
精其心而穷其法,无灸艾而坏其干。这里说的是灸,勉医者宜专心究其穴法,无着误于着艾之功,庶免干犯于禁忌而坏人之皮肉。
正其理而求其原,勉投针而失其位。这里说的是针,勉学人要明其针道之理,察病之原则,用针不失其所。
避灸处而和四肢四十有九,禁刺处而除六腑二十有二。禁灸之穴四十五加四肢之井共四十九。禁针之穴二千二,外除六腑之俞。俱载于前。
抑又闻高年抱疾未瘥,李氏刺巨阙而复苏;太子暴死为厥,越人针维会而复醒;一井曲池,甄权刺臂痛而复射;悬钟环跳,华佗刺足而立行;秋大针腰俞而鬼免沉;王纂针交俞而妖精立出;取肝俞与命门,使瞽士视秋毫之末;刺少阳与交别,俾聋夫听夏蚋之声。此引先师用针有此立效之功,以砺学人用心之诚耳。且夫去圣逾远,此道渐坠,或不得意而散其学,或愆其能而犯禁忌,愚庸智浅,难契于玄言至道,渊深得之者有几。偶述斯言,不敢示诸明达者焉,庶几乎童蒙之心启。此先师叹圣贤之古远,针道之渐衰,理法幽深难造其极,复以谦逊之言以结之。吁!窦太师乃万世之师,穷道契玄,尚且谦言以示后学,世之徒知一二而自矜自伐者,岂不愧哉。
This passage discusses the method of acupuncture that possesses the efficacy of stopping pain and shifting discomfort. One must first move the needle to the left and rotate it counter-clockwise to obtain the number "nine" (a yang number), then move it to the right and rotate it clockwise to obtain the number "six" (a yin number). This is the way of yin-yang interpenetration. Meridians also have interpenetration; for example, Lieque (LU7) of the Taiyin Lung meridian connects to the pathway of the Yangming Large Intestine meridian, and Fenglong (ST40) of the Yangming Stomach meridian branches off to the pathway of the Shaoyang Gallbladder meridian. This is what is meant.
Have you not heard that for Zang-Fu diseases, one should seek acupoints such as "Men Hai Shu Mu"? "Shu" refers to the Back-Shu points of the five Zang and six Fu organs. "Men Hai" refers to points like Zhangmen (LR13) and Qihai (CV6). The Shu points are located in the two rows on the back. "Mu" refers to the Front-Mu points: Zhongfu (LU1) for the Lung, Juxue (CV14) for the Heart, Zhongwan (CV12) for the Stomach, Qimen (LR14) for the Liver, Riyue (GB24) for the Gallbladder, Zhangmen (LR13) for the Spleen, Jingmen (GB25) for the Kidney, Tianshu (ST25) for the Large Intestine, and Guanyuan (CV4) for the Small Intestine. Only the Sanjiao, Pericardium, and Bladder lack Front-Mu points. This states that when any of the five Zang or six Fu organs are diseased, one must puncture these Men, Hai, Shu, and Mu points, which is most subtle.
When meridians and collaterals are stagnant, one should seek the principles of Yuan (Source) points, Bie (Divergent) collaterals, and Hui (Meeting) points. "Yuan" refers to the Source points of the twelve meridians. "Bie" refers to the divergent collaterals of the Yang meridians. "Jiao" refers to the intersecting points of the Yin meridians. "Hui" refers to the Eight Hui points. The Twelve Source points are: Qiuxu (GB40) for the Gallbladder, Taichong (LR3) for the Liver, Wangu (SI4) for the Small Intestine, Shenmen (HT7) for the Heart, Chongyang (ST42) for the Stomach, Taibai (SP3) for the Spleen, Hegu (LI4) for the Large Intestine, Taiyuan (LU9) for the Lung, Jinggu (BL64) for the Bladder, Taixi (KI3) for the Kidney, Yangchi (TE4) for the Sanjiao, and Daling (PC7) for the Pericardium. The Eight Hui points are: Geshu (BL17) for Blood, Danzhong (CV17) for Qi, Taiyuan (LU9) for Vessels, Yanglingquan (GB34) for Tendons, Dazhu (BL11) for Bone, Jiexi (GB41) for Marrow, Zhangmen (LR13) for Zang organs, and Zhongwan (CV12) for Fu organs. This states that when qi and blood in the meridians are condensed and blocked, one must puncture these Yuan, Bie, and Hui points.
Further investigating the Four Roots and Three Knots, and puncturing according to the Root-Branch theory ensures recovery. "Roots and Knots" refer to the roots and knots of the twelve meridians. The *Ling Shu* states: The Taiyin meridian roots at Yinbai (SP1) and knots at Ticang (ST8); the Shaoyin meridian roots at Yongquan (KI1) and knots at Lianquan (CV23); the Jueyin meridian roots at Dadun (LR1) and knots at Yutang (CV19); the Taiyang meridian roots at Zhiyin (BL66) and knots at the Eye; the Yangming meridian roots at Lidui (ST45) and knots at the Jaw; the Shaoyang meridian roots at Qiaoyin (GB44) and knots at the Ear. The Hand-Taiyang meridian roots at Shaoze (SI1) and knots at Tianchuang (SI16) and Zhengzheng (SI7); the Hand-Shaoyang meridian roots at Guanchong (TE1) and knots at Tianyou (TE10) and Waiguan (TE5); the Hand-Yangming meridian roots at Shangyang (LI1) and knots at Futu (LI18) and Pianli (LI6). The lower text for the Hand-Taiyin meridians is not forcibly annotated. It is also said that the "Four Roots" refer to the ear root, nose root, breast root, and foot root; the "Three Knots" refer to the chest knot, limb knot, and bowel knot. This states that if one can thoroughly understand the principle of roots and knots and puncture according to the aforementioned root-branch methods, diseases will surely be cured.
However, using the Eight Methods and Five Gates, distinguishing between Master and Guest points, ensures efficacy. "Eight Methods" refers to the Eight Extraordinary Vessels. Gongsun (SP4) connects to the Chong Mai, treating the stomach, chest, and heart; Neiguan (PC6) connects to the Yin Wei Mai; Linqi (GB41) connects to the Dai Mai, treating the gallbladder meridian, Dai Mai, Yang Wei Mai, and outer canthus; Waiguan (TE5) connects to the Yang Wei Mai, treating Houxi (SI3), Du Mai, and the neck; Shenmai (BL62) connects to the Yang Qiao Mai; Lieque (LU7) connects to the Ren Mai, treating the lung system; Zhaohai (KI6) connects to the Yin Qiao Mai, treating the diaphragm and throat. These five pairings (Five Gates) are based on heaven-earth correspondence divided into five elements: Jia combines with Ji, Yi with Geng, Bing with Xin, Ding with Ren, Wu with Gui. The Master-Guest relationship is: Gongsun is Master, Neiguan is Guest; Linqi is Master, Waiguan is Guest; Houxi is Master, Shenmai is Guest; Lieque is Master, Zhaohai is Guest. This states that if using the Eight Methods, one must deduce the time using the Five Gates to select points, prioritizing the Master then the Guest, ensuring efficacy. Details are recorded later.
The Eight Extraordinary Vessels always connect to the Eight Hui points, serving as the guiding principle. "Eight Vessels" refers to the Eight Extraordinary Vessels, noted above. "Eight Hui" refers to the eight meeting points of qi, blood, vessels, tendons, bone, marrow, zang, and fu, also noted above. "Guiding Principle" is like the main rope of a net. This states that the starting and ending points of the Eight Extraordinary Vessels connecting to the Eight Hui points serve as the guideline for all meridians in the body.
The Twelve Meridians and Twelve Source points are a pivotal hub. The Twelve Meridians, Fifteen Collaterals, and Twelve Source points are noted above. This states that the Twelve Source points are the pivot of entry and exit for the Twelve Meridians.
The method of selecting sixty-six acupoints in one day reveals profound subtleties. The "sixty-six acupoints" refer to the Jing-River, Ying-Spring, Shu-Stream, Yuan-Source, Jing-Stream, and He-Sea points in the Zi Wu Liu Zhu (Midnight-Noon Ebb-Flow) system. On Yang days, thirty-six points are used for Fu organs; on Yin days, thirty points are used for Zang organs, totaling sixty-six points, fully detailed in the Zi Wu Liu Zhu chart later. This states that meridians circulate through the body once a day, passing through the twelve meridian points. At this time, utilizing one point within the flow reveals profound principles.
At any given hour, selecting the Source points of the Twelve Meridians allows one to know the essential subtleties. The Source points of the Twelve Meridians are noted above. This states that within an hour, one should examine which meridian is dominant on that day. At that time, puncturing the Source point of that specific meridian reveals the mystery of the flow method.
Originally, tonification and reduction methods depend not on respiration but on finger manipulation. This states that tonification and reduction rely on manual techniques rather than just breathing. Techniques include fourteen types: Xun (Rubbing), Men (Gate), Ti (Lifting), An (Pressing), Tan (Plucking), Nian (Twirling), Cuo (Rubbing like twisting thread), Pan (Coiling), Tui (Pushing), Na (Inserting), Yao Dong (Shaking), Zhao (Scratching), Qie (Cutting/Pressing), Jin (Advancing), Chu (Retreating), and She (Collecting). The rules are as stated; skill depends on flexible application, detailed in the *Golden Needle Ode*.
Rapid efficacy requires crossing meridians correctly and recognizing the affected meridian. Crossing meridians follows the pairing: Large Intestine and Lung as transmitting organs; Heart and Small Intestine as receiving organs; Spleen and Stomach as digestive organs; Liver and Gallbladder as pure and clear positions; Bladder and Kidney interacting via yin-yang and exterior-interior relations. The "Affected Meridian" is the meridian suffering from disease; for example, heart disease requires puncturing Small Intestine points. If one recognizes the disease of the affected meridian and understands the principle of crossing meridians, acupuncture efficacy will be rapid.
Crossing Meridian Miu Ci involves taking points on the opposite side. Miu Ci involves puncturing collaterals; pain on the right is treated by puncturing the left, and vice versa. This is the principle of Crossing Meridian Miu Ci.
Reducing collaterals and needling far away: Head ailments are treated by needling foot points. The three Yang meridians descend from the head to the feet, so head ailments are treated by selecting foot points.
Ju Ci and Miu Ci differ. Ju Ci involves puncturing meridians; if pain is on the left but the right pulse is diseased, Ju Ci is applied (left pain punctured on right, right pain on left), targeting the meridian. Miu Ci involves puncturing collaterals; if there is bodily pain but no pulse abnormality, Miu Ci is applied (right pain punctured on left, left pain on right), targeting the collateral. The classic states that excess on the left causes disease on the right, and vice versa. If right pain persists but the left pulse becomes diseased, Ju Ci must be used to target the meridian, not the collateral. Thus, collateral diseases involve meridians crossing each other, hence called Miu Ci. These methods are similar but differ in targeting the meridian versus the collateral.
Micro-needling and subtle needling are interconnected. Micro-needling refers to the skill of insertion; subtle needling refers to the subtlety of the technique. They are connected.
Observing sections reveals the deficiency and excess of meridians. When inserting the needle into flesh, one advances in three levels (Heaven, Human, Earth) and must observe the arrival of De Qi to easily discern internal and external deficiency and excess. Also, observing the three positions of the pulse reveals which meridians are deficient or excessive.
Observing floating and sunken pulses distinguishes cold and heat in Zang-Fu organs. After needling, observing the speed of the needle's sensation determines the cold or heat of the Zang-Fu organs.
First, ensure the needle is bright and check for damage; then keep it in the mouth to warm it. Before needling, ensure the needle is shiny and undamaged. Then place it in the mouth to warm it, allowing it to meet the Ying and Wei without causing shock.
Do not look away; hold the hand like grasping a tiger; do not let the mind wander; treat it like awaiting a noble person. This warns acupuncturists to focus sincerely and respect the procedure. Do not look elsewhere, as holding a tiger prevents injury; do not let the mind wander, as awaiting a noble person prevents disrespect. The classic states: In needling, observe the section, do not let the mind wander, hold the hand like capturing a tiger, await like a noble person, pay attention until dusk, and do not lose the correct position. This is what is meant.
The left hand presses heavily and frequently to disperse qi; the right hand inserts lightly and slowly to avoid pain. Before needling, use the left thumb nail to press the acupoint to disperse qi. Insert the needle gently and slowly with the right hand; this avoids pain.
Fasting causes fear and dizziness when standing or lying sideways. Fasting means before eating. One should not needle a hungry person, as their qi and blood are unstable, causing fear or dizziness whether standing or lying sideways.
Close the eyes and press hard; sit or lie flat to avoid fainting. Before needling, instruct the patient not to look at the needling site. Press the acupoint firmly with the nail. Sit or lie flat to avoid fainting.
Understand the Ten Heavenly Stems and Ten Changes to know the opening and closing of acupoints. The Ten Heavenly Stems are Jia, Yi, Bing, Ding, Wu, Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren, Gui. The Ten Changes refer to daily variations, detailed in the Ling Gui Ba Fa. Points open at the appropriate time and close at the inappropriate time. Understanding this reveals the gain and loss of acupoints.
Explain the Five Elements and Five Zang, observing the prosperity and decline of days and times. Five Elements and Five Zang are noted above. This states that if a disease occurs during a time supported by the Five Elements, it prospers; if controlled, it declines. For heart disease, Jia/Yi times support it, while Ren/Gui times control it. Others follow this pattern.
Lie still like a drawn bow; respond swiftly like releasing a trigger. This describes the swift efficacy of acupuncture, like hitting a target.
Yinjiao and Yangbie stop blood dizziness; Yin Qiao and Yin Wei expel the placenta. There are two Yinjiao points: one below the umbilicus and one above the medial malleolus (Sanyinjiao). These two points stop postpartum blood dizziness. Zhaohai and Neiguan expel the placenta.
Bi syndrome, Jue syndrome, and hemiplegia are treated with Ying-Sui to reconnect meridians. Bi and Jue refer to cold paralysis of limbs; hemiplegia refers to stroke-induced paralysis. Treating these requires connecting qi and meridians, using Ying-Sui methods to ensure blood flow and meridian continuity.
Leukorrhea, metrorrhagia, and flooding are treated with warming and tonifying to restore qi and blood. These are women's diseases. Warming needle therapy is used to tonify and harmonize Ying and Wei.
Remain still and retain the needle for a long time. After needling, one must remain still and retain the needle.
For certainty, use Zhaohai to treat throat blockage; for accuracy, use Dazhong to treat mental dullness. Zhaohai and other points are recorded in measurement methods, so they are not repeated.
Generally, pain indicates excess requiring reduction; itching and numbness indicate deficiency requiring tonification. Pain is often due to heat and requires reducing with cooling; itching and numbness are often due to cold and require tonifying with warming.
Heavy body and joint pain are treated with Shu points; epigastric fullness is treated with Jing-Well points. Shu points are the Shu-Stream points of the twelve meridians; Jing-Well points are the Jing-Well points.
Heart distension and throat pain are cured by needling Taichong; spleen cold and stomach pain are relieved by reducing Gongsun; chest fullness and abdominal pain are treated by puncturing Neiguan; flank pain is treated by needling Feihu. Taichong and others are listed later. Feihu is Tongmen or Zhigou.
Tendon spasms and bone pain are treated by tonifying Hunmen; body heat and chronic cough are treated by reducing Pohu; head wind pain is treated by puncturing Shenmai and Jinmen; eye itching and pain are treated by reducing Guangming and Diwu; reducing Yin stops night sweats; treating pediatric bone steaming involves puncturing Pianli; promoting urination treats adult ascites; stroke is treated by needling Huantiao; deficiency is treated by selecting Tianshu. Diwu refers to Diwu Hui.
Before noon, specifically Chen and Si hours, the Moon grows, and warmth should be applied quickly. During these hours, the lunar influence is growing, so depletion should be avoided, and warming methods used. Between Wei and Shen hours, the Moon wanes, and cooling should be applied quickly. This compares the monthly lunar cycle to the daily cycle. The moon grows from day 1 to 15 and wanes from 16 to 30. Morning is growth; afternoon is decline.
Rubbing, patting, plucking, and retaining: Xun involves rubbing around the needle to promote qi flow. Men involves closing the point after withdrawal to prevent qi leakage. Tan-Nu involves lightly plucking to tonify deficiency. Liu-Xi-Mu involves retaining the needle and inhaling to tonify the Mother point until warmth is felt.
Nail pressing, quick extension, and calling: Nail pressing involves cutting the skin before insertion. Extension involves lifting the needle slightly. Shi-Xu-Zi involves reducing the Son point by withdrawing quickly after feeling cold.
Moving, retreating, emptying, and resting: Dong-Tui involves shaking the needle upon withdrawal. Kong-Xie involves pausing after withdrawal. Ying-Duo involves opposing the needle to reduce the Son point (e.g., reducing Spleen/Stomach for Heart disease).
Pushing, inserting, twirling, and following: Tui-Nei-Jin involves pushing the needle in. Cuo involves twirling slowly. Sui-Ji involves following the needle's direction to tonify the Mother point (e.g., tonifying Liver/Gallbladder for Heart disease).
Caution: Do not needle critical cases with unfavorable complexion and pulse. Caution is advised. For critical conditions, observe complexion and pulse; if contradictory, do not needle, as it may cause harm.
Avoid needling in extreme cold, heat, wind, rain, hunger, fullness, drunkenness, and fatigue. Extreme conditions are strictly contraindicated for needling.
Do not tonify on the Full Moon day, reduce on the New Moon day, reduce on the Half-Moon days, or tonify on the New Moon. Full Moon (15th), New Moon (30th/1st), and Half Moons (7th/8th, 22nd/23rd) are unsuitable for specific tonification/reduction methods. Acute emergencies are exceptions.
Refine your mind and master the methods; do not let moxibustion ruin the skin. Moxibustion requires careful study of points and methods to avoid violating taboos and damaging skin.
Correct the principle and seek the origin; strive to insert needles accurately. Needling requires understanding the principles and disease origins to ensure accurate placement.
Avoid forty-nine moxibustion contraindications and twenty-two needle contraindications. There are 45 moxibustion contraindicated points plus four Jing-Well points on limbs, totaling 49. There are 22 needle contraindicated points excluding Six Fu Back-Shu points. These are recorded previously.
Furthermore, Li pierced Juxue to revive an elderly patient; Yuancie pierced Weizhong to revive the Crown Prince; Zhen Quan pierced Quchi for arm pain; Hua Tuo pierced Huantiao and ZuSanLi for walking; Wang Zuan pierced Jiaoshu to expel spirits; Liver Shu and Mingmen restored sight to the blind; Shaoyang and Jiaobie restored hearing to the deaf. These examples illustrate the immediate efficacy of past masters to encourage students. However, as time passes since the sages, this art declines. Some abandon it when unsuccessful; others violate taboos due to ignorance. I humbly record these words to enlighten beginners, not to show experts. Master Dou was humble despite his wisdom. Those who boast of minor knowledge should be ashamed.