瘟疫鲜有不渴者，故弗可以不讲也。邪在表则不渴，在里则渴。三阳虽亦有渴症，但不如三
阴之甚也。故太阴腹满嗌干，少阴口燥舌干而渴，厥阴则消渴矣。（饮水多，而小便少，热能消水
故也。）瘟病之渴，一于为热，初传则热微而渴微，传深则热甚而渴甚，但未有不见兼症而独渴者。
施治当先问其所饮欲冷欲热，欲多欲寡。（饮多饮冷属热。）更须审其表里经脏，曾否汗下。于瘟疫
初起及九传与六经治法中，细寻症脉，斟酌用药。第治其瘟邪，而渴自除矣。倘不应，当于伤寒
发渴条中采取
施治。所最要者，饮水常使不足，毋令有余。不甚渴而多饮则悸动支结，喘咳、KT （同噎。）哕，
肿满泄泻，小便不利诸症起矣。然又不可禁饮。凡瘟症有欲愈而思饮者，盖得水则能和胃气而汗
解也。禁饮多致闷乱不救。
瘟疫虽属热症，而腹痛则有寒热之殊，但热则其常，而寒则其变也。寒痛多有所因，或服凉
药过多，或不宜用凉药而妄投，或恣意大食生冷物，或汗下后正气虚而感寒，皆能致痛。或因病
中恼怒气滞，积食者亦有之，无故而痛者绝少。即有之亦必因腹素有积，因瘟病而触发之者也。
凡腹痛，但将凉水与饮而试之，若饮水痛稍可者属热，痛剧者属寒。若绕脐 痛，大便结实，烦
满而渴，气粗噎气者，皆属燥屎与实热痛也，急用承气等下之。因食积痛者，更有恶食恶心，噫
气腐臭等症，治亦同。若小腹 痛，小水自利，大便黑，身目黄者，属蓄血，亦用寒剂加行血药，
下尽黑物自愈。凡实热痛，必脉来沉实有力。若微弱者，仍当详审，从缓治之。若饮水愈痛，或
时绵绵微痛，不甚亦不止，重按则愈，肠鸣泄利，澄澈清冷，口吐苦
涎，此为寒痛，当用温药和之。和之不已，而或四肢厥冷，呕吐泻利者，急用热药救之，（瘟病殊
少此症。如有，必因过服凉药生冷，感寒。）但须详脉之有力无力。如腹痛而兼身大发热，恶饮
水，呕恶，肠鸣如流水声，此表热（邪热。）内寒也，先温其里，次解其表。
瘟疫病很少有不觉口渴的，因此不能不加以讨论。邪气在表则不渴，在里则渴。三阳经虽然也有口渴的症状，但不如三阴经那样严重。所以太阴病（足太阴脾经受邪）表现为腹部胀满、咽喉干燥；少阴病（足少阴肾经受邪）表现为口燥舌干而渴；厥阴病（足厥阴肝经受邪）则表现为消渴（多饮多尿）。这是因为体内热盛消耗水分所致。瘟病的口渴，完全由热邪引起，初传时热微则渴微，传入深重时热甚则渴甚，但没有不见其他兼症而单独出现口渴的。施治时应当先询问患者想喝冷水还是热水，想多喝还是少喝。（饮水多且喜冷饮属于热证。）还必须审察病位在表里、经络脏腑，以及是否已经发汗或攻下。在瘟疫初起及九传与六经治法中，仔细寻找症状和脉象，斟酌用药。只要治疗瘟邪，口渴自然消除。如果无效，应当参考《伤寒论》中关于发渴的条文来采取治疗方法。最重要的是，饮水要常使不足，不要让它有余。如果不怎么渴却大量饮水，就会导致心悸、四肢结滞、气喘咳嗽、噎膈、呃逆、肿胀满闷、泄泻、小便不利等各种病症出现。然而又不可以禁止饮水。凡是瘟病有想要痊愈而思饮的，是因为得到水就能调和胃气从而通过出汗而解表。禁止饮水多导致烦闷混乱无法救治。
瘟疫虽然属于热证，但腹痛则有寒热之分，但热是常态，而寒是变局。寒性腹痛多有原因，或者服用凉药过多，或者不宜用凉药而误用，或者肆意大吃生冷食物，或者发汗攻下后正气虚弱而感受寒邪，都能导致疼痛。或者因病中恼怒导致气机郁滞，积食者也有这种情况，无故而痛的极少。即使有，也一定是因为腹中素有积滞，因瘟病而触发的。凡是腹痛，只用凉水与饮来试探，如果饮水后疼痛稍可忍受的属于热证，疼痛剧烈的属于寒证。如果是绕脐痛，大便干结，烦闷而渴，气粗噎气，都属于燥屎与实热引起的疼痛，急用承气汤等方剂攻下。因食积引起的疼痛，更有厌恶食物、恶心、打嗝有腐臭味等症状，治疗也相同。如果是小腹痛，小便自利，大便色黑，身体面目发黄，属于蓄血证，也用寒凉药剂加入行血药，排出黑色瘀血后自愈。凡是实热痛，脉象一定沉实有力。如果脉微弱，仍当详细审察，从缓治疗。如果饮水后疼痛加剧，或者时时绵绵微痛，不太剧烈也不停止，重按则缓解，肠鸣泄利，排泄物清澈寒冷，口吐苦涎，这是寒性腹痛，应当用温药调和它。调和无效，而出现四肢厥冷、呕吐泄利的，急用热药急救，（瘟病中极少有此症。如果有，一定是因为过服凉药生冷，感受寒邪。）但必须详细诊察脉象的有力无力。如果腹痛兼见身体大发热，厌恶饮水，呕恶，肠鸣如流水声，这是表热内寒，先温其里，再解其表。
Plague diseases rarely occur without thirst, therefore it is essential to discuss this. When the pathogenic factor is in the exterior, there is no thirst; when it is in the interior, there is thirst. Although the Three Yang meridians may also present with thirst, it is not as severe as in the Three Yin meridians. Thus, Taiyin disease (disease of the Foot-Taiyin Spleen meridian) manifests as abdominal fullness and dry throat; Shaoyin disease (disease of the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney meridian) manifests as dry mouth and tongue with thirst; Jueyin disease (disease of the Foot-Jueyin Liver meridian) presents as Xiao Ke (excessive drinking and urination). This is because internal heat consumes body fluids. Thirst in plague diseases is solely due to heat: early transmission involves mild heat and mild thirst, while deep transmission involves severe heat and severe thirst. However, there are no cases of isolated thirst without accompanying symptoms. In treatment, one must first ask whether the patient desires cold or hot drinks, and whether they wish to drink large or small amounts. (Drinking large amounts of cold beverages indicates a Heat syndrome.) One must also examine the location of the disease in terms of exterior/interior, meridians, and zang-fu organs, and whether sweating or purging has already been performed. Within the context of the initial stage of plague, the Nine Transmissions, and the Six Meridians treatment methods, carefully analyze the symptoms and pulse, and deliberate on the medication. By treating the plague pathogen, the thirst will naturally resolve. If ineffective, one should refer to the sections on thirst in Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Cold Damage) for treatment strategies. The most crucial point is to ensure that water intake remains insufficient, never excessive. If one drinks excessively despite minimal thirst, it can lead to palpitations, limb stagnation, asthma, coughing, dysphagia (Yi), hiccups, distension, diarrhea, and difficulty in urination. However, one must not prohibit drinking. In plague cases where the patient desires water as recovery approaches, it is because water harmonizes Stomach Qi and facilitates resolution through sweating. Prohibiting drinking often leads to severe restlessness and death.
Although plague generally belongs to Heat syndromes, abdominal pain can differ between Cold and Heat, with Heat being the norm and Cold the variation. Cold-type abdominal pain usually has specific causes: excessive consumption of cooling medicines, inappropriate use of cooling medicines, indulgence in raw and cold foods, or contracting cold after sweating or purging depletes healthy Qi. It can also result from emotional anger causing Qi stagnation or food retention. Spontaneous pain without cause is rare. Even if it occurs, it is likely triggered by pre-existing abdominal accumulations due to the plague. To test abdominal pain, offer cool water. If pain alleviates slightly after drinking, it indicates a Heat pattern; if pain intensifies severely, it indicates a Cold pattern. Pain around the umbilicus, accompanied by hard stool, irritability, thirst, coarse breathing, and chest oppression, indicates Dry Feces and Excess Heat; urgently use Chengqi Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Rhubarb Decoction) or similar formulas to purge. For pain due to food retention, accompanied by aversion to food, nausea, and foul belching, the treatment is similar. Lower abdominal pain with free urination, black stools, and yellowing of the body and eyes indicates Blood Stasis; treat with cold-natured herbs combined with blood-invigorating agents until black material is expelled, then self-heal. Excess Heat pain always presents with a deep, forceful pulse. If the pulse is weak, careful examination is required, and treatment should be gradual. If pain worsens after drinking water, or presents as continuous mild pain that does not cease but improves with pressure, accompanied by borborygmus, clear and cold diarrhea, and bitter saliva, this is Cold pain; treat with warming herbs to harmonize. If harmonization fails and symptoms progress to cold limbs, vomiting, and diarrhea, urgently use hot herbs to rescue. (This is rare in plague; if present, it is likely due to overconsumption of cold medicines/foods leading to cold contraction.) Carefully assess the pulse strength. Abdominal pain accompanied by high fever, aversion to drinking, vomiting, and borborygmus sounding like flowing water indicates Exterior Heat and Interior Cold; warm the interior first, then release the exterior.