（汤，仲景）用三黄，寒加热药以维阳。〔芩、连各一两，大黄二两，附子一枚（炮）。
恐三黄重损其阳，故加附子。〕痞乃热邪寒药治，（伤寒痞满，从外之内，满在胸而不在胃，
多属热邪，故宜苦泻。若杂病之痞，从内之外，又宜辛热。）恶寒加附始相当。（经曰∶心下
痞，按之软，关脉浮者，大黄黄连泻心汤。心下痞而复恶寒，汗出者，附子泻心肠。）大黄
附子汤同意，温药下之妙异常。〔大黄、细辛各二两，附子一枚（炮）。《金匮》阳中有阴，
宜以温药下其寒，后人罕识其旨。〕
（汤，仲景）黄连芩，干姜甘草与人参。大枣和之治虚痞，法在降阳而和阴。〔半夏半
斤，黄连一两，干姜、黄芩、甘草（炙）、人参各三两，大枣十二枚。治伤寒下之早，胸满
而不痛者，为痞；身寒而呕，饮食不下，非柴胡证。凡用泻心者，多属误下，非传经热邪。
否而不泰为痞。泻心者，必交阴阳；通上下者，必和其中，故用参、甘、大枣。〕
（仲景）用石膏偎，知母甘草梗米陪。（石膏一斤，知母六两，甘草二两，粳米六合。）
亦有加入人参者，（名人参白虎汤。）燥烦热渴舌生苔。（白虎，西方金神。此方清肺金而泻
胃火，故名。然必实热方可用之，或有血虚身热，脾虚发热及阴盛格阳，类白虎汤证，误投
之，不可救也。按∶白虎证脉洪大有力，类白虎证脉大而虚，以此为辨。又当观小便，赤者
为内热，白者为内寒也。）
（张仲景）使用三黄（黄连、黄芩、大黄），在寒凉药中加入温热药物以维护阳气。〔方中黄芩、黄连各一两，大黄二两，附子一枚（炮制）。〕
担心三黄过于苦寒严重损伤阳气，所以加入附子。〕痞证乃热邪所致，用寒凉药物治疗。（伤寒病中的痞满，病邪从外部传入内部，胀满部位在胸部而不在胃部，多属于热邪，因此适宜用苦寒药泻下。如果是杂病中的痞证，病邪从内部发于外部，又适宜用辛温热的药物。）若伴有恶寒症状，加入附子才恰当。（《内经》说：心下痞塞，按之柔软，关脉浮的，用大黄黄连泻心汤。心下痞塞又伴有恶寒、出汗的，用附子泻心汤。）大黄附子汤与此意相同，用温性药物攻下的妙处不同寻常。〔方中大黄、细辛各二两，附子一枚（炮制）。《金匮要略》指出阳中有阴的情况，适宜用温性药物攻下其寒邪，后人很少能理解其中的旨意。〕
（张仲景）使用黄连、黄芩，加上干姜、甘草和人参。大枣调和药性以治疗虚性痞证，治法在于降泄阳热并调和阴气。〔半夏半斤，黄连一两，干姜、黄芩、甘草（炙）、人参各三两，大枣十二枚。治疗伤寒误用下法过早，导致胸中胀满但不疼痛的，称为痞；身体发冷且呕吐，饮食不下，这不是柴胡汤证。凡是使用泻心汤治疗的，多属于误用下法所致，并非传经的热邪。气机不通畅为痞。使用泻心汤，必须使阴阳相交；疏通上下，必须调和中部，所以用人参、甘草、大枣。〕
（张仲景）使用石膏煨制，知母、甘草、粳米陪衬。（石膏一斤，知母六两，甘草二两，粳米六合。）也有加入人参的，（被称为人参白虎汤。）治疗燥热烦渴、舌上生苔。（白虎汤，对应西方金神。此方清泻肺金之火而清除胃火，因此得名。但必须是实热证方可使用，如果有血虚引起的身热、脾虚发热以及阴盛格阳，出现类似白虎汤证的情况，误投此药，将无法救治。按：白虎汤证的脉象洪大有力，类白虎汤证的脉象大而虚弱，以此作为辨别依据。还应当观察小便，颜色赤红的为内热，颜色白的为内寒也。）
(Zhang Zhongjing) uses Sanhuang (Three Yellows: Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), adding warm herbs to cold ones to preserve Yang. [Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian) and Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) each 1 liang, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang) 2 liang, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) 1 piece (prepared).]
Fearing that the heavy use of Sanhuang might severely damage Yang, Fuzi is added.] Pi syndrome (epigastric fullness and obstruction) is caused by heat pathogen and treated with cold medicines. [In Shanghan (Cold Damage), Pi fullness arises from external pathogens entering internally; the fullness is located in the chest rather than the stomach, and mostly belongs to heat pathogen, so bitter-cold purgatives are suitable. If Pi in miscellaneous diseases arises from internal pathology manifesting externally, acrid-warm herbs should be used.] If accompanied by aversion to cold, adding Fuzi is appropriate. [The Classic says: Epigastric Pi, soft upon palpation, with a floating Guan pulse, indicates Dahuang Huanglian Xiexin Tang. If Epigastric Pi is accompanied by aversion to cold and sweating, Fuzi Xiexin Tang is indicated.] The principle of Dahuang Fuzi Tang is similar; the wonder of using warm herbs for purgation is extraordinary. [Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang) and Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin) each 2 liang, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) 1 piece (prepared). Jingui Yaolue states that when Yang contains Yin, it is appropriate to use warm herbs to purge the cold; later generations rarely understood this intent.]
(Zhang Zhongjing) uses Huanglian, Huangqin, Ganjiang, Gancao, and Renshen. Dazao harmonizes the formula to treat deficiency-type Pi; the method lies in descending Yang and harmonizing Yin. [Banxia 8 liang, Huanglian 1 liang, Ganjiang, Huangqin, Zhi Gancao, and Renshen each 3 liang, Dazao 12 pieces. Treats early or improper purgation in Shanghan leading to chest fullness without pain, defined as Pi; accompanied by body coldness, vomiting, and inability to eat, which is not Chaihu syndrome. Formulas using Xiexin (Heart-Purging) are mostly due to erroneous purgation, not transmitted heat pathogens. Stagnation without smooth flow constitutes Pi. Using Xiexin formulas requires interaction between Yin and Yang; unblocking upper and lower requires harmonizing the middle, hence Renshen, Gancao, and Dazao are used.]
(Zhang Zhongjing) uses Shigao (calcined), supported by Maimu, Gancao, and Jingsmi. [Shigao 1 jin, Maimu 6 liang, Gancao 2 liang, Jingsmi 6 he.] Sometimes Renshen is added, (known as Renshen Baihu Tang.) It treats dryness, irritability, heat, thirst, and coated tongue. [Baihu Tang corresponds to the Western Metal deity. This formula clears Lung Metal fire and drains Stomach fire, hence its name. However, it must only be used for excess-heat syndromes. If there is body heat due to blood deficiency, fever due to Spleen deficiency, or Yin excess repelling Yang presenting with symptoms resembling Baihu Tang syndrome, administering this formula mistakenly will be incurable. Note: Baihu Tang syndrome presents with a surging and forceful pulse, while Baihu-like syndrome presents with a large but deficient pulse, which serves as the differentiation criterion. One should also observe urine: red indicates internal heat, white indicates internal cold.]