气温，味苦、甘，纯阳。
《象》云∶主诸风湿冷，通五脏，去腹内瘕滞，腰膝冷痛，及治伤损。铁脚者佳。去芦
用。
《心》云∶去大肠之风。
《本草》云∶忌茗。
气温，味大辛，纯阳。性温，气浓于味，阳也。无毒。
少阴经药，手少阴引经之药。
《象》云∶治少阴头痛如神，当少用之。独活为使，为主用。去头芦并叶。华州者佳。
《珍》云∶主少阴经头痛。
《心》云∶主诸项头痛，诸风通用之。味辛热，温阴经，散水寒以去内寒。
《本草》云∶主咳逆头痛脑动，百节拘挛，风湿痹痛，死肌，温中下气，破痰，利水道
，开胸中，除喉痹， 鼻，风痫癫疾，下乳结，汗不出，血不行，安五脏，益肝胆，通精气
。久服明目，利九窍。
东垣云∶治邪在里之表，故仲景少阴证，用麻黄附子细辛汤也。
易老云∶治少阴头痛。太阳则羌活，少阴则细辛，阳明则白芷，厥阴则川芎、吴茱萸，
少阳则柴胡。用者随经不可差。细辛香味俱缓，故入少阴，与独活颇相类。
《本草》又云∶曾青、枣根为之使，得当归、芍药、白芷、川芎、牡丹、 本、甘草，
共疗妇人。得决明、鲤鱼胆汁、青羊肝，共疗目痛。恶野狼毒、山茱萸、黄 ，畏硝石、滑石
，反藜芦。
《衍义》云∶治头面风痛，不可缺也。
（威灵仙）气温，味苦、甘，属纯阳之品。
《药象》记载：主治各种风湿冷邪，疏通五脏，消除腹内积块停滞，治疗腰膝冷痛，以及治疗跌打损伤。以铁脚者为佳。使用时需去除芦头。
《药性心悟》记载：祛除大肠之风邪。
《本草》记载：忌与茶同用。
（细辛）气大辛，属纯阳之品。性温，其气味中“气”的作用强于“味”，属于阳。无毒。
是少阴经的药物，也是手少阴经的引经药。
《药象》记载：治疗少阴头痛效果如神，应当少量使用。若以独活为佐使药，则细辛为主药。使用时需去除头部芦头及叶片。华州出产的品质最佳。
《药珍》记载：主治少阴经头痛。
《药性心悟》记载：主治各类项部头痛，诸风证通用。味辛热，温暖阴经，散除水寒之气以去除体内寒气。
《本草》记载：主治咳嗽气逆、头痛脑动，全身关节拘挛，风湿痹痛，肌肉枯死，温暖中焦并降逆气，破除痰饮，通利水道，开通胸中郁结，消除喉痹，鼻塞，风痫癫疾，下乳结块，无汗，血行不畅，安定五脏，补益肝胆，通调精气。长期服用可明目，通利九窍。
李东垣说：治疗病邪在里的表证，所以张仲景在治疗少阴证时，使用麻黄附子细辛汤。
易老（张元素）说：治疗少阴头痛。太阳经头痛用羌活，少阴经头痛用细辛，阳明经头痛用白芷，厥阴经头痛用川芎、吴茱萸，少阳经头痛用柴胡。使用者应随经选药，不可差错。细辛的气味都较为缓和，因此入少阴经，与独活颇为相似。
《本草》又说：曾青、枣根是其使药；配合当归、芍药、白芷、川芎、牡丹皮、藁本、甘草，共同治疗妇人疾病；配合决明子、鲤鱼胆汁、青羊肝，共同治疗眼痛。厌恶野狼毒、山茱萸、黄芩，畏惧硝石、滑石，与藜芦相反。
《衍义》记载：治疗头面风痛，是不可缺少的药物。
(Weilingxian) The thermal nature is warm, the flavors are bitter and sweet, belonging to pure Yang.
*Yi Xiang* states: It governs various wind-damp-cold pathogens, unblocks the five zang organs, eliminates abdominal masses and stagnation, treats cold pain in the waist and knees, and manages traumatic injuries. Those with iron-like roots are superior. Use after removing the rhizome (lu).
*Yao Xing Xin Wu* states: Expels wind from the Large Intestine channel.
*Ben Cao* states: Avoid using with tea.
(Xixin) The thermal nature is acrid, belonging to pure Yang. The nature is warm; its qi aspect is stronger than its flavor aspect, thus it is Yang. Non-toxic.
It is a herb of the Shaoyin channel and a guiding herb for the Hand-Shaoyin channel.
*Yi Xiang* states: It treats Shaoyin headache with miraculous effect; it should be used in small doses. When Du Huo is used as an assistant, Xixin serves as the principal herb. Use after removing the head, rhizome, and leaves. Those from Huazhou are superior.
*Yao Zhen* states: It governs Shaoyin channel headaches.
*Yao Xing Xin Wu* states: It governs various neck/headaches and is generally applicable to all wind conditions. With an acrid-hot flavor, it warms the Yin channels, disperses water-cold to remove internal cold.
*Ben Cao* states: It governs cough with rebellious qi, headache with brain movement, spasms and contractures in all joints, wind-damp bi pain, dead flesh, warms the middle and directs qi downward, breaks phlegm, promotes urination, opens the chest, eliminates throat obstruction, nasal congestion, wind epilepsy and mania, resolves breast milk accumulation, induces sweating when absent, promotes blood circulation, calms the five zang organs, benefits the liver and gallbladder, and unifies essence and qi. Long-term use brightens the eyes and benefits the nine orifices.
Li Dongyuan says: It treats exterior syndromes where the pathogen is interior; therefore, Zhang Zhongjing uses Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Tang for Shaoyin syndromes.
Zhang Yuansu (Yi Lao) says: It treats Shaoyin headaches. For Taiyang channel headaches, use Qiang Huo; for Shaoyin channel headaches, use Xixin; for Yangming channel headaches, use Baizhi; for Jueyin channel headaches, use Chuanxiong and Wuzhuyu; for Shaoyang channel headaches, use Chaihu. Practitioners must select herbs according to the channel without error. Xixin has mild aroma and flavor, thus entering the Shaoyin channel; it is quite similar to Du Huo.
*Ben Cao* further states: Ceng Qing and Zaogen serve as its assistants; combined with Dang Gui, Shaoyao, Baizhi, Chuanxiong, Mudan Pi, Gaoben, and Gancao, it jointly treats women's diseases; combined with Juemingzi, carp bile, and Qingyanggan, it jointly treats eye pain. It is incompatible with Yelangdu, Shanzhuyu, and Huangqin; it fears Xiaoshi and Huashi; and it is antagonistic to Lilü.
*Yanyi* states: It treats wind-pain of the head and face and is indispensable.