气寒，味苦、酸，甘而辛，甘浓辛薄。无毒。
入手太阴经。
《象》云∶主伤中、五劳羸瘦，补虚益气，除肺气，止唾血、热渴，消水肿，利水道。
《心》云∶甘以固元气，辛以泻肺气之有余。
《本草》云∶治伤中五劳六极羸瘦，崩中脉绝，补虚益气。去肺中水气，唾血热渴，水
肿，腹满胪胀，利水道，去寸白，可缝金疮。出土者，杀人。续断、麻子、桂心为之使。忌
铁铅。
气寒，味苦。无毒。
《本草》云∶主热，去三虫，治目中疾。生河内山谷，今近道皆有之。木似梧桐。
即凌霄花
气微寒，味酸。无毒。
《本草》云∶主妇人产乳余疾，崩中，症瘕血闭，寒热羸瘦，养胎。茎、叶味苦，无毒
，主痿蹶，益气。
《日华子》云∶根，治热风身痒，游风风疹。治瘀血带下，花、叶功用同。又云∶凌霄
花，治酒 ，热毒风刺，妇人血膈、游风，崩中带下。
《衍义》云∶木也，紫葳花是也。畏卤咸。
气温，味苦。苦而酸，性平，味浓，阴也，降也。苦重酸轻。无毒。
《象》云∶主腹胀满，不下饮食；消痰下气，通利津液，破胸膈结气；治久痢赤白，肠
风。去核，捣细用。
《心》云∶经曰肺苦气上逆，急食苦以泄之，以酸补之。苦重泻气，酸轻不能补肺，故
嗽药中不用。俗名诃子、随风子。
《本草》云∶主冷气，心腹满，下食。仲景治气痢，以诃黎勒十枚，面裹， 灰火中煨
之。令面黄熟，去核，细研为末，和粥饮顿服。
《衍义》云∶气虚人亦宜缓缓煨熟，少服。此物能涩肠而又泄气，盖其味苦涩故尔。其
子未熟时，风飘堕者，谓之随风子。
【桑白皮】
药性寒，味苦、酸，兼有甘和辛，其中甘味浓厚而辛味淡薄。无毒。
归入手太阴肺经。
《汤液本草·象》记载：主治内伤中气、五种劳损导致的身体消瘦虚弱，能补益虚损、益气，清除肺气（此处指肺气壅滞或邪气），止住唾血、热渴，消除水肿，通利水道。
《汤液本草·心》记载：甘味能够固护元气，辛味能够泻除肺气之有余。
《本草》记载：治疗内伤中气、五种劳损及六极导致的身体消瘦虚弱，妇女崩漏、脉绝，补益虚损、益气。去除肺中的水气，治疗唾血、热渴、水肿、腹部胀满及皮肤肿胀，通利水道，去除寸白虫（绦虫），可用于缝合金疮（金属利器造成的创伤）。若出土者（指未经炮制或误用土产部分），会致人死亡。续断、麻子、桂心为其引经药（使药）。忌用铁、铅。
【葶苈子】
药性寒，味苦。无毒。
《本草》记载：主治热证，去除三虫（泛指肠道寄生虫），治疗眼部疾病。生长在河内山谷，如今附近道路两旁都有生长。树木形状像梧桐树。
【凌霄花】
即凌霄花。
药性微寒，味酸。无毒。
《本草》记载：主治妇女产后余疾、崩漏、症瘕（腹内结块）、血闭、寒热往来导致的身体消瘦虚弱，安胎。茎、叶味苦，无毒，主治痿蹶（肢体萎软无力、行走不便），益气。
《日华子本草》记载：根，治疗热风引起的身体瘙痒、游风（风疹的一种）和风疹。治疗瘀血、带下病，花和叶的功效相同。又说：凌霄花，治疗酒毒、热毒风刺，妇女血膈、游风，崩漏及带下病。
《衍义》记载：这是一种木本植物，紫葳花就是它。畏惧卤咸之物。
【诃黎勒（诃子）】
药性温，味苦。苦中带酸，性平，味浓，属阴，主降。苦味重而酸味轻。无毒。
《汤液本草·象》记载：主治腹部胀满，饮食不下；消痰下气，通利津液，破除胸膈间的结聚之气；治疗久痢赤白、肠风。去核，捣碎细用。
《汤液本草·心》记载：经书说“肺苦气上逆，急食苦以泄之，以酸补之”。苦味重则泻气，酸味轻不能补肺，所以在止咳药中不使用。俗称诃子、随风子。
《本草》记载：主治冷气，心腹胀满，促进消化进食。张仲景治疗气痢，用诃黎勒十枚，用面粉包裹，在灰火中煨烤。等到面粉呈黄熟色，去核，研成细末，与粥饮混合顿服。
《衍义》记载：气虚的人也应该慢慢煨熟后少量服用。此物既能涩肠又能泄气，大概是因为它的味道苦涩的缘故。其果实未成熟时，被风吹落下来的，称为随风子。
[Sangbaipi (Cortex Mori)]
The nature is cold, the flavors are bitter, sour, sweet, and pungent; the sweet flavor is strong while the pungent flavor is weak. It is non-toxic.
It enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian.
Xiang states: It mainly treats internal injury to the middle jiao, emaciation due to five types of laboring damage, tonifies deficiency, benefits qi, clears lung qi [referring to lung qi stagnation or pathogenic factors], stops hemoptysis and thirst due to heat, eliminates edema, and promotes water passages.
Xin states: Sweetness consolidates original qi, while pungency drains excess lung qi.
Bencao states: It treats internal injury to the middle jiao, emaciation due to five labors and six extremes, uterine bleeding with absent pulse, tonifies deficiency, and benefits qi. It removes water-qi from the lungs, treats hemoptysis, thirst due to heat, edema, abdominal fullness, and distension of the skin, promotes water passages, removes Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), and can be used for suturing metallic wounds. If derived from the earth (unprocessed or misused part), it is lethal. Duanmu (Radix Cynanchi Atrati), Maziren (Semen Cannabis), and Guixin (Cortex Cinnamomi) act as guiding herbs. Iron and lead are contraindicated.
[Tinglizi (Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae)]
The nature is cold, the flavor is bitter. It is non-toxic.
Bencao states: It mainly treats heat conditions, eliminates three types of parasites, and treats eye diseases. It grows in valleys of Henei, and is now common along nearby roads. The tree resembles the parasol tree (Firmiana simplex).
[Lingxiaohua (Flos Campsis)]
This is Flos Campsis.
The nature is slightly cold, the flavor is sour. It is non-toxic.
Bencao states: It mainly treats residual diseases after childbirth in women, uterine bleeding, zheng zha (abdominal masses), blood obstruction, alternating chills and fever leading to emaciation, and calms the fetus. The stems and leaves are bitter and non-toxic; they treat flaccidity and inability to walk (wei jue), and benefit qi.
Ri Hua Zi Bencao states: The root treats body itching caused by wind-heat, you feng (a type of urticaria), and wind-rash. It treats blood stasis and leukorrhea; the flowers and leaves have the same functions. It further states: Flos Campsis treats alcohol toxicity, heat-toxic wind thorns, blood obstruction in women, you feng, uterine bleeding, and leukorrhea.
Yanyi states: It is a woody plant; Ziwuhua (Flos Bignoniae) is this herb. It fears halogenated salty substances.
[Helile (Fructus Chebulae)]
The nature is warm, the flavor is bitter. It is bitter with a sour note, neutral in property, strong in flavor, belongs to Yin, and has a descending action. The bitter flavor is heavy, and the sour flavor is light. It is non-toxic.
Xiang states: It mainly treats abdominal fullness and inability to eat; resolves phlegm, directs qi downward, promotes fluid secretion, breaks up stagnant qi in the chest and diaphragm; treats chronic dysentery with red and white discharge, and intestinal wind. Remove the pit and grind finely for use.
Xin states: The classics say, "When the Lung suffers from rebellious qi, urgently consume bitter substances to drain it, and sour substances to tonify it." Since bitter is heavy and drains qi, and sour is light and cannot tonify the Lung, it is not used in cough medicines. Common names are Hezi and Suifengzi.
Bencao states: It mainly treats cold qi, fullness in the heart and abdomen, and aids digestion. Zhang Zhongjing treated qi dysentery using ten Helile fruits wrapped in flour, roasted in ash fire until the flour turned yellow and cooked. The pit was removed, ground into fine powder, and taken in one dose mixed with gruel drink.
Yanyi states: Persons with qi deficiency should also slowly roast it thoroughly and take small doses. This substance can astringe the intestines yet drain qi, likely due to its bitter and astringent taste. When its fruit is unripe and blown down by the wind, it is called Suifengzi.