须勾医人验针灸处,是与不是穴道;虽无意致杀,亦须说显是针灸杀,亦可科医不
应为罪。
凡抄札口词,恐非正身,或以它人伪作病状,代其饰说,一时不可辨认,合于所判
状内云∶日后或死亡,申官从条检验。庶使豪强之家预知所警。
凡验诸处狱内非理致死囚人,须当径申提刑司,实时入发KT 铺。
定所受杖处疮痕阔狭,看阴囊及妇人阴门并两胁肋、腰、
小腹等处有无血 痕。小杖痕,左边横长三寸,阔二寸五分;右边横长三寸五分,阔三
寸。各深三分。
大杖痕,左、右各方圆三寸至三寸五分,各深三分。各有脓水,兼疮周回亦有脓水淹浸
、皮肉溃烂去处。
背上杖疮,横长五寸,阔三寸,深五分。如日浅时,宜说∶兼疮周回有毒瓦斯攻注青赤、
HT皮、紧硬去处。如日数多时,宜说∶兼疮周回亦有脓水淹浸、皮肉溃烂去处,将养不
较致命身死。
又有讯腿杖,而荆杖侵及外肾而死者,尤须细验。
凡从树及屋临高跌死者,看枝柯挂HT 所在,并屋高低,失脚处踪迹,或土痕高下,及要
害处须有抵隐或物擦磕痕瘢。若内损致命痕者,口、眼、耳、鼻内定有血出;若伤重分明,更
当仔细验之。仍量扑落处高低丈尺。
凡被塌压死者,两眼HT 出,舌亦出,两手微握,遍身死血淤紫黯色,或鼻有血或清水出
。伤处有血 赤肿,皮破处四畔赤肿,或骨并筋皮断折。须压着要害,致命;如不压着要害
,不致死。死后压即无此状。
凡检舍屋及墙倒石头脱落压着身死人,其尸沿身虚怯要害去处若有痕损,须说长阔分寸
,作坚硬物压痕,仍看骨损与不损。若树木压死,要见得所倒树木斜伤着痕损分寸。
必须查验行医人员针灸的部位,确认是否为正确的穴位;即使没有故意致人死亡的意图,也必须明确说明是死于针灸,这样可以按“医生不应为而为之”的罪名处罚医生。
凡是抄录口供时,担心并非当事人亲笔,或者由他人伪造病症表现来代为修饰陈述,一时难以辨认真伪,应当在判决文书中注明:“日后若发生死亡,申报官府依照条例进行检验。”以此让豪强之家预先知晓警戒。
凡是检验各监狱内非正常死亡的囚犯,必须直接申报提刑司,立即发往KT铺(古代停尸房或验尸机构)。
确定受杖刑部位的疮痕宽窄,查看阴囊、女性外阴以及两胁肋、腰部、小腹等处是否有血痕。小杖留下的痕迹,左侧横长三寸,宽二寸五分;右侧横长三寸五分,宽三寸。深度均为三分。大杖留下的痕迹,左、右各方圆形直径在三寸至三寸五分之间,深度均为三分。伤口处均有脓水,且疮口周围也有脓水浸泡、皮肉溃烂的地方。背部杖疮,横长五寸,宽三寸,深五分。如果受伤时间较短,应当描述:“同时疮口周围有毒气攻注导致皮肤青赤、HT(黑紫)、紧绷坚硬的地方。”如果受伤时间较长,应当描述:“同时疮口周围也有脓水浸泡、皮肉溃烂的地方,调养不当导致致命身亡。”还有审讯用的腿杖,如果荆条杖伤及外肾而导致死亡的,尤其需要仔细检验。
凡是因从树上或房屋高处跌落致死的情况,要看树枝挂住身体的位置,以及房屋的高低、失足处的踪迹,或者泥土痕迹的高低,以及要害部位必须有撞击隐蔽物或被物体擦碰留下的伤痕。如果是内脏损伤导致致命的,口、眼、耳、鼻内部必定有出血;如果伤势严重明显,更应当仔细检验。同时要测量坠落处的高低尺寸。
凡是因坍塌压死的人,两眼突出,舌头也伸出,双手微微握拳,全身死血淤积呈紫黯色,或者鼻孔有血液或清水流出。受伤处有血色赤肿,皮肤破损处四周赤肿,或者骨骼和筋脉皮肤断裂折断。必须是压迫到了要害部位才会致命;如果没有压迫到要害,不会致死。死后被压则不会有这些症状。凡是检查房屋倒塌及墙壁倒塌石头脱落压死人,尸体沿身虚弱要害部位如果有痕损,必须说明长宽尺寸,认定为坚硬物体压痕,同时查看骨骼是否受损。如果是树木压死,要查明所倒树木斜向伤害造成的痕损尺寸。
The medical practitioner must be examined to verify whether the acupuncture site corresponds to a legitimate acupoint; even if there was no intent to kill, it must be explicitly stated that death resulted from acupuncture, allowing the physician to be punished under the charge of "improper conduct by a medical professional."
When transcribing oral statements, one must guard against the possibility that they are not written by the person themselves, or that others have fabricated symptoms and provided false descriptions. If authenticity cannot be immediately determined, the judgment document should state: "If death occurs subsequently, report to the authorities for inspection according to regulations." This serves as a warning to powerful families.
For any prisoner found dead unnaturally within various prisons, the case must be directly reported to the Judicial Intendant (Tixing Si) and the body immediately sent to the mortuary (KT Pu).
Determine the width and narrowness of the wound marks where the beating occurred. Examine the scrotum, female external genitalia, both hypochondriac regions, waist, and lower abdomen for bloodstains. Marks from light beating on the left side are horizontally three cun long and two inches five fen wide; on the right side, three inches five fen long and three cun wide. The depth is three fen in each case. Marks from heavy beating on either side are circular with a diameter ranging from three cun to three inches five fen, with a depth of three fen. There is pus present at the wounds, and the surrounding areas show signs of pus accumulation and skin/flesh ulceration. Back wounds from beating are five cun long horizontally, three cun wide, and five fen deep. If the injury is recent, describe it as: "Additionally, toxic qi has invaded the surrounding area, causing the skin to turn blue-red, become dark-purple (HT), tight, and hard." If the injury is older, describe it as: "Additionally, the surrounding area shows pus accumulation and skin/flesh ulceration, leading to fatal death due to improper care." In cases of leg beating where thorn branches injure the external kidneys leading to death, careful examination is especially required.
In cases of death from falling from trees or high buildings, examine where branches caught the body, the height of the building, traces of slipping, variations in soil levels, and whether vital areas show signs of impact against hidden objects or abrasions. If internal injuries caused death, blood will definitely be found exiting the mouth, eyes, ears, and nose; if the trauma is severe and obvious, further meticulous examination is necessary. Measure the height of the fall in zhang and chi.
In cases of death by crushing/collapse, the eyes protrude, the tongue extends, hands are slightly clenched, and the entire body exhibits dark purple discoloration due to stagnant blood, or blood/fluid may exit the nose. The injured areas show red swelling; around broken skin, there is red swelling, or fractures of bone, tendons, and skin. Death occurs only if vital organs/areas were compressed; without compression of vital areas, death does not occur. These signs do not appear if the body is crushed after death. When inspecting deaths caused by collapsing houses or walls where stones fall on the deceased, if there are marks on vulnerable vital areas along the body, their length and width must be recorded as marks from hard objects, and bone damage must be checked. In cases of death by falling trees, the dimensions of diagonal injuries caused by the fallen tree must be identified.