（仲景一书前辈发明甚详，愚不敢赘，姑举其略）
按仲景《伤寒论》云∶春气温和，夏气暑热，秋气清凉，冬气冷烈。此四时正气之
序也。惟冬时严寒，去寒就温，不致于伤偶然触冒，名为伤耳。小儿在襁褓中，或长成
而禀赋虚怯，苟失其养，百病蜂起，故伤寒多得于秋冬。或薄暮清朝，盖秋冬多冷，夜
起便送，或遽出风寒之地，为邪气所侵，旋即喷嚏凌振，五指稍冷，关纹不见，面目俱
红，惨而不舒，气粗体热，无汗恶寒，是伤寒也。或面色光而不惨，汗出恶风，是伤风
也。其候与大脉科若同而异，治疗之法，亦相去不远矣，余外不然。盖以小儿是纯阳之
体，用药不可太热，此医门八法，所谓治小儿无热一也。然仲景一十六条，三百九十七
法，前贤名曰金匮，岂不贵哉！兼五运有太过不及之异，六气有逆从胜伏之差变生灾眚
（音省），应在人身，或遇客邪临御，脏气虚弱，因受其病，谓之时气，又与伤寒不同，乃四
时乖戾之气。如春应暖而反寒，夏应热而反冷，秋应凉而反热，冬应寒而反温，非其时
而有其气，人感冒中伤而有病者，不择地之远近，所患一同，当以何经何脏所受病证，知
犯何逆，以法治之。此仲景之妙旨。然治小儿伤寒伤风，与大方相同者，若发热身无汗，
麻黄汤主之。以表实无汗，荣血受邪而设也。得汗则寒邪发泄，而无壅遏之患。若身热自
汗，桂枝汤主之，以表虚自汗，卫受邪而设也。解肌则风邪疏散，而无壅滞之患。凡治
病之要，尤在临机审察，庶无误矣。夹惊伤寒，其候谓感寒时忽受惊触，情性昏沉，身
微有热，心躁或渴，睡中多惊，手足动掣，面红痰嗽，切牙呵欠，山根准头皆淡青色，两
眉下有紫红见，论其得病之由，或被惊发热，后感寒邪，或先感寒邪，后因被惊，遂致两
热相乘。所有此候，宜百解散发表，次牛蒡汤治惊热，散邪气。若看证大，苁蓉当归散、
三解散，间以无惊丸、琥珀抱龙丸与服。夹食伤寒，其证鼻流清涕，头疼发热，昼轻夜
重，时复吐逆，噫气酸馊，面黄红白，变之不一，目胞微浮，乍凉乍热，心烦发渴，腹
痛胀满，皆因饮食过伤，又感风寒，激搏而热。其热气与食熏蒸于胃，胃为水谷之海，脾
实则能克化，今脾胃因饮食所伤，致有斯疾。先煎小柴胡汤，加生姜自然汁同服，或五苓
散入姜汁沸汤调下，与解寒邪，温胃止吐，次用百解散及当归散，水姜煎服，疏解外邪，温
正胃气，乌犀丸去积，匀气散止补，参苓白术散调脾胃则 矣。下后伤风，其候两脸
微红，眼胞浮肿，发热痰喘，饮食少进，此则亦因外感风寒，未经发散，下之失宜，邪
气未除，而正气有损。调理又迟，致荣卫不和，正气失守，脾胃尚弱，过伤饮食，名为
食复。用小柴胡汤和解，次三棱散调治。或因下后体气虚弱，腠理不密遽出风寒之地，易
为感冒，此为再经外邪，侵袭于皮毛，皮毛者肺之合也，风寒外侵于皮毛，内合于肺经，
致有痰热喘急，肺主气故也。亦宜发散，表邪既退，然后调脾，使中州之土固守，则何
患乎外邪得以侵袭哉？用五苓散加麻黄去节存根沸汤泡过，功全表里，水姜煎服。其解
表散、惺惺散、枳实汤，或当归散加陈皮，水姜煎服，以和中散调理。夹风伤寒，与前证
相似，但脸红身热，气粗微喘，目泪口渴，手足皆温，太阳冷汗，口水流滴胸前，时或恶风，此因先伤寒发热，日久未
经解散，将传入里，而又感风，风热相搏于内，致心脾蕴热，热气上逼口舌发疮，名为夹风伤寒。诸
热引肝风，目多眵泪，口燥发渴，手足温者，邪将传里，口水不止，而加生疮者，热上蒸
也。太阳冷汗者，表之虚也。邪实表虚证在半表半里之间，宜以小柴胡汤加桂为用。疏
涤肝风，羌活散。和解，四顺饮。去上焦热，则口舌之证乃除。而重感之邪，亦得消释。风
寒互证，活人书云∶脉似桂枝反无汗，病以麻黄反烦躁。风喜伤卫，寒伤荣。荣卫俱病，
仲景以大青龙汤治之。然荣行脉中，卫行脉外，荣卫皆虚，疾由生矣。盖儿小者，因抱
养失宜，风寒不避，致有斯疾。儿大者，或因水浸雨侵，或因向火脱着，遽然出外，外
邪乘虚而袭，汗闭不通，其后或冷或热，昏醒不定，名为风寒互证，但小方用药品味，分
两不与大人同。若此证一汗，风寒既除，惟当顺气化痰，慎勿投峻补之剂，热气得补则
复盛，变生他证。初用雄黄散，水、姜、葱、薄荷同煎，并三服，稍热投，得汗即愈，免
为角弓反张之证，次以当归散、惺惺散间服。若痰不退，牛蒡汤、如意膏、半夏丸。结胸
伤寒，其候两眉尖红，唇紫鼻青，咳嗽口痛，痰结气促，咳嗽不活，身热汗出，目露白睛，
项颈如柔 之状，不可俯仰，结胸之证，居身之高分，故经云∶高者因而越之，下者引
而竭之。所谓结胸，如绑定而不能解者，诸阳受气于胸中邪气与阳气相结，固而不解，非
虚烦结实之比，胸膈高起，不按自痛，名大结胸。按之方痛，名小结胸，有水寒热结胸。
凡此诸证，低者举之，高者陷之。仲景结胸之高邪，当行降下之法，以下结固之邪，《内
经》曰∶结虽大犹可解也。盖伤寒之结，非直达之剂，孰能解之。仲景治小结胸证，以
小陷胸汤主之。平常小儿，多有小结胸证，然陷胸汤内有黄连极苦，难以施之。婴孩如发
表后，但用鹤顶丹为治。有儿最小者，于此丹内加宽气饮、宽热饮少许，姜汁、茶清调
下自愈。若仅六七岁儿，投小陷胸汤，入蜜同煎服取效。坏证伤寒，其候外察印堂多紫
纹，唇白如灰色，四肢黄瘦，吐泻间作。或寒或热，饮食减少，大概外感风寒暑湿，内
因饥饱失节，不能调护，以传受日深，医不辨其表里虚实，汗下失宜，使阴阳反错，邪
气得胜，正气将衰，胃纳五味，以养五脏，脾受五味，以厘清浊，而荣养百骸。今汗下不
根据其法，致伤荣卫。荣卫者，自中焦而生，得其气之清者为荣，浊者为卫，其重浊者为糟
粕而下行。偶六淫所侵，治不如法，则外邪日盛，正气乖常，胃气衰微，变证多出，或
作泻痢青黄，吐逆寒热，或为肿满偏枯，五疳八痢，或成丁奚哺露，传变不一，各有条
论，随证治之，并宜先投加味白芍药汤和解。
（张仲景的著作前辈们已经阐述得非常详尽，我不敢再多言，姑且列举其要点。）
按照张仲景《伤寒论》所说：春天的气候温和，夏天的气候暑热，秋天的气候清凉，冬天的气候冷烈。这是四季正常气候的顺序。只有冬天时严寒，人们远离寒冷、靠近温暖，就不会因为偶然接触冒犯寒气而受伤。小儿在襁褓之中，或者长大后禀赋虚弱怯弱，如果养护不当，各种疾病就会蜂拥而起，所以小儿伤寒多发生在秋冬季节。或者在傍晚清晨，因为秋冬天气寒冷，夜里起来送便，或者突然走出风寒之地，被邪气侵袭，随即出现打喷嚏、身体震颤，五指稍冷，指纹（关纹）不明显，面目都发红，神情惨痛而不舒展，呼吸粗重、身体发热、无汗、怕冷，这就是伤寒。或者面色光亮而不惨痛，出汗、怕风，这就是伤风。这些症状与成人脉诊科的症状相似但又有不同，治疗方法也相差不远，其余情况则不然。因为小儿是纯阳之体，用药不可太热，这是医门八法中所谓“治小儿无热一”的原则。然而张仲景的一十六条经义，三百九十七种治法，前贤称之为《金匮要略》，难道不珍贵吗！加上五运有太过和不及的差异，六气有逆从胜伏的变化，产生灾祸（音省），反映在人体身上，如果遇到客邪临御，脏气虚弱，因此受病，称为时气，又与伤寒不同，这是四时乖戾之气。如春天应该暖反而寒，夏天应该热反而冷，秋天应该凉反而热，冬天应该寒反而温，非其时而有其气，人感冒中伤而有病的，不分地域远近，所患相同，应当根据何经何脏所受病证，知道犯了什么逆乱，依法治疗。这是张仲景的妙旨。然而治疗小儿伤寒伤风，与成人方剂相同的，如发热身体无汗，用麻黄汤主治。因为表实无汗，营血受邪而设立。得汗后寒邪发泄，就没有壅遏的隐患。如果身体发热自汗，用桂枝汤主治，因为表虚自汗，卫气受邪而设立。解肌则风邪疏散，就没有壅滞的隐患。大凡治病的要领，尤其在于临机审察，才能没有失误。夹惊伤寒，其症状表现为感寒时忽然受到惊吓触动，性情昏沉，身体微有热，心中烦躁或口渴，睡中多惊，手足抽动，面红痰嗽，咬牙呵欠，山根（鼻根部）、准头（鼻尖）皆呈淡青色，两眉下有紫红色显现，论述其得病的原因，或被惊吓发热后感寒邪，或先感寒邪后因被惊，导致两热相乘。所有此候，宜用百解散发表，其次用牛蒡汤治惊热，散邪气。如果看证较重，用苁蓉当归散、三解散，间或用无惊丸、琥珀抱龙丸服用。夹食伤寒，其症状为鼻流清涕，头疼发热，昼轻夜重，时常呕吐逆气，打嗝有酸馊味，面色黄红白变化不一，眼睑微浮，乍凉乍热，心烦发渴，腹痛胀满，皆因饮食过伤，又感风寒，激荡搏结而发热。其热气与食物熏蒸于胃，胃为水谷之海，脾实则能克化，现在脾胃因饮食所伤，导致有此疾。先煎小柴胡汤，加生姜自然汁同服，或者五苓散入姜汁沸汤调下，以解寒邪，温胃止吐，其次用百解散及当归散，水姜煎服，疏解外邪，温正胃气，乌犀丸去积，匀气散止补，参苓白术散调脾胃就好了。下法后伤风，其症状为两脸微红，眼胞浮肿，发热痰喘，饮食少进，这也是因为外感风寒，未经发散，下法失宜，邪气未除，而正气有损。调理又迟，导致营卫不和，正气失守，脾胃尚弱，过伤饮食，名为食复。用小柴胡汤和解，其次用三棱散调治。或者因为下后体气虚弱，腠理不密，突然走出风寒之地，容易感冒，此为再经外邪，侵袭于皮毛，皮毛者肺之合也，风寒外侵于皮毛，内合于肺经，导致有痰热喘急，肺主气故也。也宜发散，表邪既退，然后调脾，使中州之土固守，那么还担心什么外邪得以侵袭呢？用五苓散加麻黄去节存根沸汤泡过，功效全面表里，水姜煎服。其解表散、惺惺散、枳实汤，或者当归散加陈皮，水姜煎服，以和中散调理。夹风伤寒，与前证相似，但脸红身热，气粗微喘，目泪口渴，手足皆温，太阳穴冷汗，口水流滴胸前，时而恶风，这是因为先伤寒发热，日久未经解散，将传入里，而又感风，风热相搏于内，导致心脾蕴热，热气上逼口舌发疮，名为夹风伤寒。诸热引动肝风，眼睛多眵泪，口燥发渴，手足温者，邪将传里，口水不止，而加生疮者，热气上蒸也。太阳穴冷汗者，表之虚也。邪实表虚证在半表半里之间，宜以小柴胡汤加桂枝为用。疏涤肝风，用羌活散。和解，用四顺饮。去上焦热，则口舌之证乃除。而重感之邪，亦得消释。风寒互证，《活人书》说：脉象似桂枝汤证反而无汗，病以麻黄汤证反而烦躁。风喜伤卫气，寒伤营血。营卫俱病，张仲景以大青龙汤治之。然而营行脉中，卫行脉外，营卫皆虚，疾病由此而生。大概小儿年幼，因为抱养失宜，不避风寒，导致有此疾。小儿年大者，或者因为水浸雨侵，或者因为向火脱衣着凉，突然外出，外邪乘虚而袭，汗闭不通，其后或冷或热，昏醒不定，名为风寒互证，但小儿方药用的药品味、分量不与大人相同。如果此证一发汗，风寒既除，只当顺气化痰，切勿投峻补之剂，热气得补则复盛，变生他证。初用雄黄散，水、姜、葱、薄荷同煎，并服三剂，稍热投服，得汗即愈，避免成为角弓反张之证，其次用当归散、惺惺散间服。若痰不退，用牛蒡汤、如意膏、半夏丸。结胸伤寒，其症状为两眉尖红，唇紫鼻青，咳嗽口痛，痰结气促，咳嗽不活，身热汗出，目露白睛，项颈僵硬如柔痉之状，不可俯仰，结胸之证，居身之高分，所以经云：高者因而越之，下者引而竭之。所谓结胸，如绑定而不能解者，诸阳受气于胸中，邪气与阳气相结，固而不解，不是虚烦结实之比，胸膈高起，不按自痛，名大结胸。按之方痛，名小结胸，有水寒热结胸。凡此诸证，低者举之，高者陷之。张仲景治结胸之高邪，当行降下之法，以下结固之邪，《内经》曰：结虽大犹可解也。大概伤寒之结，非直达之剂，谁能解开它。张仲景治小结胸证，以小陷胸汤主治。平常小儿，多有小结胸证，然而陷胸汤内有黄连极苦，难以施之于婴孩。婴孩如发病后，但用鹤顶丹为治。有儿最小者，于此丹内加宽气饮、宽热饮少许，姜汁、茶清调下自愈。若仅六七岁儿，投小陷胸汤，入蜜同煎服取效。坏证伤寒，其症状为外察印堂多紫纹，唇白如灰色，四肢黄瘦，吐泻间作。或寒或热，饮食减少，大概外感风寒暑湿，内因饥饱失节，不能调护，以传受日深，医不辨其表里虚实，汗下失宜，使阴阳反错，邪气得胜，正气将衰，胃纳五味，以养五脏，脾受五味，以厘清浊，而荣养百骸。现在汗下不根据其法，导致伤及营卫。营卫者，自中焦而生，得其气之清者为荣，浊者为卫，其重浊者为糟粕而下行。偶六淫所侵，治不如法，则外邪日盛，正气乖常，胃气衰微，变证多出，或作泻痢青黄，吐逆寒热，或为肿满偏枯，五疳八痢，或成丁奚哺露，传变不一，各有条论，随证治之，并宜先投加味白芍药汤和解。
(Shanghan Lun by Zhang Zhongjing has been expounded in great detail by predecessors; I dare not add more, but will briefly list the key points.)
According to Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage): The climate of spring is mild, summer is hot and humid, autumn is cool and clear, and winter is cold and fierce. This is the order of the normal qi of the four seasons. Only in winter, when it is severely cold, if one moves away from cold and seeks warmth, one will not be injured by accidentally contracting cold. Infants in swaddling clothes, or children who grow up with weak constitution, if improperly cared for, will suffer from a multitude of diseases; thus, infantile Shanghan often occurs in autumn and winter. Or during dusk or early morning, because autumn and winter are cold, getting up at night to relieve oneself, or suddenly going out into wind-cold areas, being invaded by pathogenic factors, immediately resulting in sneezing, body tremors, slightly cold fingertips, invisible Guan position pulse pattern (Guan Wen), redness of face and eyes, painful and uncomfortable expression, coarse breathing, body heat, anhidrosis, and aversion to cold—this is Shanghan. If the complexion is bright without pain, sweating, and aversion to wind, this is Shangfeng (Wind Injury). These symptoms are similar yet different from those in adult pulse diagnosis departments, and treatment methods are also not far apart, except for other circumstances. Because infants are pure Yang bodies, medications should not be too hot; this is the principle known as "treating infants without heat" among the Eight Methods of Medicine. However, the sixteen chapters and three hundred and ninety-seven methods of Zhang Zhongjing, referred to by former sages as *Jinkui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet), are indeed precious! Additionally, there are differences in the excess and deficiency of the Five Movements (Wu Yun), and variations in the reversal, compliance, overcoming, and hiding of the Six Qi (Liu Qi), producing disasters that manifest in the human body. When guest pathogens invade and organ qi is weak, illness ensues, termed Shiqi (Seasonal Qi), which differs from Shanghan; it refers to the aberrant qi of the four seasons. For example, spring should be warm but is cold, summer should be hot but is cold, autumn should be cool but is hot, winter should be cold but is warm. Having the qi of another season, people contract illness through exposure, regardless of distance. One must determine which meridian and zang-fu are affected, identify the deviation, and treat according to the method. This is the profound essence of Zhang Zhongjing. However, treating infantile Shanghan and Shangfeng shares similarities with adult formulas: for fever with no sweat, Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is the primary treatment. It is established for exterior excess with no sweat, where Ying Blood (Nutritive Blood) is affected by pathogens. Sweating releases the cold pathogen, preventing stagnation. For body heat with spontaneous sweating, Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is used. It is established for exterior deficiency with spontaneous sweating, where Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) is affected by pathogens. Releasing the muscle layer disperses wind pathogens, preventing obstruction. The key to treating any disease lies in careful observation at the moment of consultation to avoid errors.
Shanghan complicated by fright presents with sudden fright upon contracting cold, lethargy, slight fever, irritability or thirst, frequent startles during sleep, twitching of hands and feet, red face, phlegm and cough, teeth grinding, yawning, pale cyan color at Shan Gen (root of nose) and Zhun Tou (tip of nose), and purple-red marks under both eyebrows. Regarding its etiology, it may result from fright-induced fever followed by cold contraction, or cold contraction followed by fright, causing two types of heat to multiply. For such presentations, Baijie San (Hundred-Resolution Powder) should be used to release the exterior, followed by Niubang Tang (Arctium Decoction) to treat fright-heat and disperse pathogenic factors. If the condition appears severe, Rongrong Danggui San (Cistanche and Angelica Powder), Sansanjie San (Three-Dispersions Powder), Wujing Wan (No-Fright Pill), or Hupo Baolong Wan (Amber Embracing Dragon Pill) may be administered intermittently.
Shanghan complicated by food retention presents with runny clear nose, headache, fever, lighter symptoms by day and heavier by night, occasional vomiting and belching with sour odor, variable yellow-red-white complexion, slightly swollen eyelids, alternating chills and fever, irritability, thirst, abdominal pain, and distension. All these result from excessive dietary injury compounded by wind-cold contraction, leading to agitation and heat generation. Heat and food steam in the Stomach, the Sea of Water and Grain. When Spleen is sufficient, it can transform and transport; now, Spleen and Stomach are damaged by diet, causing this disease. First, decoct Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) with fresh ginger juice, or mix Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) with ginger juice and boiling water to resolve cold pathogen, warm stomach, and stop vomiting. Next, use Baijie San and Danggui San decocted with water and ginger to disperse exterior pathogens and warm correct stomach qi. Wu Xi Wan (Black Rhinoceros Horn Pill) removes accumulation, Yunqi San (Qi-Balancing Powder) stops supplementation [note: likely means regulating qi], and Shenling Baizhu San (Ginseng, Poria, and Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder) regulates Spleen and Stomach.
After purgation, Shangfeng presents with slightly red cheeks, swollen eyelids, fever, phlegm, wheezing, and reduced appetite. This occurs because external wind-cold was not dispersed, purgation was inappropriate, pathogens remained, and correct qi was damaged. Delayed regulation leads to disharmony of Ying and Wei, loss of correct qi control, weak Spleen and Stomach, and further dietary injury, termed Shifu (Food Recurrence). Use Xiaochaihu Tang to harmonize, followed by Sanleng San (Curcuma Longa Powder) for regulation. Alternatively, after purgation, body qi is weak, pores are loose, and sudden exposure to wind-cold makes one susceptible to re-infection by external pathogens invading the skin and hair. Skin and hair are the exterior of the Lung. Wind-cold invading the exterior combines internally with the Lung Meridian, causing phlegm-heat and wheezing, as the Lung governs Qi. Dispersal is also indicated here. Once exterior pathogens recede, regulate the Spleen to solidify the Earth of the Middle Jiao, preventing external invasion. Use Wuling San plus Mahuang (Ephedra) with nodes removed and roots retained, soaked in boiling water, decocted with water and ginger to benefit both interior and exterior. Jiebiaosan (Exterior-Resolving Powder), Xingxing San (Awakening Powder), Zhishi Tang (Immature Bitter Orange Decoction), or Danggui San plus Chenpi (Tangerine Peel) decocted with water and ginger can be used to harmonize middle and disperse.
Shanghan complicated by wind resembles previous conditions but features red face, body heat, coarse breathing, slight wheezing, tearing, thirst, warm hands and feet, cold sweat at Taiyang area, drooling down the chest, and occasional aversion to wind. This arises because initial Shanghan fever was not resolved for a long time, allowing transmission inward, then wind was contracted. Wind and heat struggle internally, causing heat accumulation in Heart and Spleen, forcing heat upward to cause sores in mouth and tongue, termed Shanghan complicated by wind. Various heats draw out Liver Wind, causing eye discharge and tearing, dry mouth, thirst, and warm hands—indicating pathogen transmitting inward. Continuous drooling and sores indicate steaming heat. Cold sweat at Taiyang indicates exterior deficiency. Pathogen excess with exterior deficiency places the syndrome between exterior and interior; use Xiaochaihu Tang plus Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig). To disperse Liver Wind, use Qianghuo San (Notopterygium Powder). To harmonize, use Sishun Yin (Four-Compliance Drink). To clear upper Jiao heat, oral and tongue symptoms will resolve, and re-contracted pathogens will dissipate.
Wind-Cold Mutual Syndrome: *Renhe Shu* states: Pulse resembles Guizhi Tang pattern but with no sweat; illness resembles Mahuang Tang pattern but with irritability. Wind injures Wei Qi, Cold injures Ying Blood. When both Ying and Wei are diseased, Zhang Zhongjing uses Da Qinglong Tang (Major Blue Green Dragon Decoction). Ying circulates within vessels, Wei outside. If both are deficient, disease arises. Younger children suffer due to improper care and failure to avoid wind-cold. Older children may suffer from rain/water exposure, overheating then undressing, or sudden outdoor exposure, allowing external pathogens to attack deficiency, closing pores and stopping sweat, leading to alternating cold/heat and confusion, termed Wind-Cold Mutual Syndrome. Pediatric prescriptions differ in ingredients and dosages from adults. If this syndrome is treated with sweating, removing wind-cold, only Qi-regulating and Phlegm-resolving measures should follow. Avoid harsh tonics, as heat will rebound with tonification, causing other syndromes. Initially use Xionghuang San (Realgar Powder) decocted with water, ginger, scallion, and mint, taken warm in three doses. Sweating indicates cure, preventing opisthotonos. Follow with intermittent Danggui San and Xingxing San. If phlegm persists, use Niubang Tang, Ruyi Gao (Ruyi Ointment), or Banxia Wan (Pinellia Pill).
Jie Xiong (Knotting Chest) Shanghan presents with redness at inner eyebrows, purple lips, blue nose, cough, mouth pain, phlegm knot, shortness of breath, unproductive cough, body heat, sweating, exposed white sclera, and stiff neck unable to flex or extend, resembling Rou Jing (Flaccid Spasm). Jie Xiong syndrome resides in the high part of the body; thus, the Classic says: "For high pathology, induce vomiting; for low pathology, drain thoroughly." Jie Xiong is like binding that cannot be untied. Yang Qi receives Qi in the chest; pathogenic factors bind with Yang Qi, remaining fixed and unresolved, unlike empty irritability or solid accumulation. High chest diaphragm swelling, spontaneous pain without pressure, is Major Jie Xiong. Pain only upon pressure is Minor Jie Xiong, involving water-cold or heat-knotting. For all these, lift the low, depress the high. Zhang Zhongjing treats high pathogen of Jie Xiong with descending methods to resolve solidified pathogens. *Neijing* states: "Even large knots can be resolved." Generally, knots in Shanghan require direct-acting agents to resolve. For Minor Jie Xiong, Zhang Zhongjing uses Xiao Xianxiong Tang (Minor Chest-Knotting Decoction). Common children often have Minor Jie Xiong, but Xianxiong Tang contains Huanglian (Coptis), which is extremely bitter and difficult to administer to infants. For infants, use Heding Dan (Crane Top Pill). For very small children, add Kuanqi Yin (Qi-Widening Drink) and Kuanre Yin (Heat-Widening Drink) to this pill, mixed with ginger juice and tea infusion to heal spontaneously. For six-to-seven-year-olds, administer Xiao Xianxiong Tang with honey for effect.
Huai Zheng (Ruined Syndrome) Shanghan presents with purple lines on Yintang (between eyebrows), grayish-white lips, yellow and thin limbs, alternating vomiting and diarrhea, alternating chills and fever, reduced appetite. Generally caused by external contraction of wind-cold-damp-heat and internal irregular eating/drinking, failing to maintain health, leading to deepening transmission. Physicians fail to distinguish exterior/interior, excess/deficiency, and misuse sweating/purgation, causing Yin-Yang reversal, pathogen dominance, and correct qi decline. Stomach takes five flavors to nourish Five Zang; Spleen takes five flavors to separate clear/turbid and nourish bones. Improper sweating/purgation damages Ying and Wei. Ying and Wei arise from Middle Jiao; clear Qi becomes Ying, turbid Qi becomes Wei, heavy turbid Qi becomes dregs and descends. Invaded by Six Evils, improper treatment causes external pathogens to grow daily, correct qi to deviate, Stomach Qi to weaken, and many transformed syndromes to appear: green-yellow dysentery, vomiting/chills-fever, swelling/distension/hemiplegia, Five Kindling Parasites, Eight Dysenteries, Dingxi Bulu (wasting syndrome). Transformations vary, each with specific discussions, treat according to syndrome. Initially, administer Jiawei Baishaoyao Tang (Modified White Peony Root Decoction) to harmonize.