急惊之论，前代书所不载，惟曰阳痫，大概失所爱护，或抱于当风，或近于热地，昼
则食多辛辣，夜则衾盖太浓，郁蒸邪热积于心，传于肝，再受人物惊触，或跌扑叫呼，雷
声鼓乐，鸡鸣犬吠，一切所惊，未发之时，夜卧不稳，困中或笑或哭，啮（五结切）齿咬（五巧切）
乳，鼻额有汗，气促痰喘，忽尔闷绝，目直上视，牙关紧急，口噤不开，手足搐掣，此
热甚而然。况兼面红脉数可辨。盖心有热而肝有风，二脏乃阳中之阳，心火也，肝风也。
风火阳物也，风主乎动，火得风则烟焰起，此五行之造化。二阳相豉，风火相搏，肝藏魄，
心藏神，因热则神魂易动，故发惊也。心主乎神，独不受触，遇有惊则发热，热极生风，
故能成搐，名曰急惊。治之之法，先以五苓散加黄芩、甘草，水煎，或百解散发表，次
通心气。木通散、三解散，疏涤肝经，安魂退热。牛蒡汤、防风汤主之。惊风既除之后，
轻者投半夏丸，重者下水晶丹，与之去痰，免成痴疾，但不可用大寒凉药治之，热去则寒
起，亢则害，承乃制。若仓卒之间，惊与风证俱作，只用五苓散加辰砂末，薄荷汤调服，
少解其证。盖五苓散内有泽泻导小便，心与小肠为表里，小肠流利，心气得通，其惊自
减。内有桂，木得桂则枯，是以有抑肝之气，其风自停。况佐以辰砂，能安神魂，两得其
宜，大略要解热凉心肝，后用平和汤散调理，稍热之剂则难用，医者宜审之。愚尝感慨诸
人，每见惊风搐作，不明标本，混为一证，遽然全用金石、脑、麝、蜈、蚕、蛇、蝎，大
寒搜风等剂投之，耗伤真气，其证愈甚，多致弗救。殊不知惊生于心，风生于肝，搐始
于气，是为三证。其惊与风，首已详及，然所谓畜气而成搐，陈氏之论，最为明理，但
未着其方。余于此证，则用宽气饮治之，只以枳壳、枳实为主，盖其气也，四时平和则
身安，一息壅滞则疾作。况小儿啼哭不常，其气蕴蓄，内则不能升降，外则无由发泄，
展转经时，亦能作搐。善医者审察病源，从而疗之，万无一失。更辨阴阳虚实，不可轻
忽。若阳实证，煎平和汤调三解散主之，此急惊有搐之类。若阴虚证，煎固真汤调宽气
饮治之，此慢惊有搐之类。若暴感此证，未别阴阳虚实，先用五苓散和宽气饮，及少加
宽热饮，三药合用，姜汁沸汤调灌即解，大抵治搐之法，贵以宽气为妙，气顺则搐停，
此自然之理。男左女右，手足搐者，即为顺证；男右女左，手足搐者，即为逆证，故难
治也。有男右女左，证轻者投顺搐散，使分左右，庶好疗之，天钓者，初得时顿顿呵欠，
眼忽下泪，身热脉浮洪实，是风痰壅聚，上贯心包，致经络闭而不通，目睛翻视，颈项强
仰。两手掣转向后，大哭如怒，脚曲腰直，发热痰鸣，爪甲皆青，状如鬼祟，名曰天钓。
治法同前急惊内药与服，先解风热，次理痰气，斯为当矣。暑风一证，因夏月感冒风寒太
甚，致面垢唇红，脉沉细数，忽发惊搐，不省人事，治用消暑清心饮辰砂五苓散及琥珀抱
龙丸，自发。切勿以温剂调补，热气得补则复盛，尤宜戒之。又有急惊天钓之后，变作潮
热，手足逆冷，有似疟疾，盖因病愈之时，不善将护，外感风邪，乘虚而入于经络，再未
解散，以致如此。经曰∶重阳必阴，重阴必阳。又曰∶亢则害，承乃制。此其义也。宜服
柴胡加桂汤及当桂散，气实者，则以乌犀丸，水晶丹，略与通利，匀气散止补，后以参苓
白术散调理，自然平愈。此证所用药品，间使苦寒之味，务在消阳盛之火，肺金得胜，肝
木自平，而风邪亦散，斯为良法。大凡幼稚欲令常时惊悸不作，在乎肾脏和平，故戴氏曰∶
治惊不若补肾，谓心属火，火性燥，得肝风则烟焰起，致生惊悸，补肾则水升火降，邪热无
侵，虽有肝风，不生惊骇。其法当于申时，进补肾地黄丸一服，或琥珀抱龙丸。用
申时者，盖水生于申，佐之以药，则肾水得平，心火不炎，自无惊矣。
关于急惊风的论述，前代医书中未曾记载，只称为“阳痫”。其病因大致是因为缺乏妥善的呵护，比如抱着孩子处在风口，或者让孩子靠近热源；白天饮食过多辛辣食物，夜晚盖被过厚。这些因素导致邪热郁积在心，进而传至肝脏，再加上受到外界事物的惊吓，如跌倒、呼喊、雷声、鼓乐、鸡鸣犬吠等一切惊恐之事。在病症发作之前，患儿夜间睡眠不安稳，睡梦中时而笑时而哭，咬紧牙齿或吸吮乳头，鼻翼和额头出汗，呼吸急促且伴有痰鸣喘息，突然昏厥，双眼直视向上，牙关紧闭，口噤不开，手足抽搐痉挛，这是由于热势极盛所致。此外，面色发红、脉搏快速也是可辨识的特征。
这是因为心受热邪而肝生风邪，心和肝都属于“阳中之阳”，心对应火，肝对应风。风和火都是阳性事物，风主运动，火遇到风就会燃起烟焰，这是五行变化的规律。两阳相互鼓动，风与火相互搏结。肝藏魄，心藏神，因为热邪的作用，神魂容易动荡，所以发生惊风。心主宰精神，单独不受惊吓触动，但遇到惊吓就会发热，热极则生风，所以能形成抽搐，命名为急惊风。
治疗的方法，先用五苓散（利水渗湿方剂）加入黄芩、甘草，用水煎服；或者用百解散（解表发汗方剂）来发表，接着疏通心气。使用木通散（清心通淋方剂）、三解散（疏风清热方剂）来疏泄清理肝经，安定魂魄，退去热邪。也可以用牛蒡汤、防风汤主治。在惊风症状消除之后，病情轻的用半夏丸，重的用水晶丹，给予它们以去除痰浊，避免发展成痴呆疾病。但是不可使用大寒凉的药物治疗，因为热去之后寒气便会兴起，“亢则害，承乃制”（物极必反，需要制约平衡）。如果在仓促之间，惊证和风证同时发作，只用五苓散加入辰砂末，用薄荷汤调服，稍微缓解症状。
这是因为五苓散内有泽泻引导小便排出，心与小肠互为表里，小肠通畅，心气就能通达，惊证自然减轻。方中有桂枝，树木遇到桂枝就会枯萎（此处借指桂枝辛温发散，能抑制肝木之气），因此能抑制肝气，风邪自然停止。况且辅以辰砂，能够安定神魂，两方面都适宜。大概来说，关键在于解热、凉心肝，之后用平和的汤散进行调理，稍带热性的药剂难以使用，医生应当仔细审察。
我曾感慨许多人，每当见到惊风抽搐发作，不明白标本虚实，将其混为一谈，立刻全用金石类、脑香、麝香、蜈蚣、蚕、蛇、蝎等大寒搜风等药剂投喂，耗伤真气，使得病情更加严重，大多导致无法救治。殊不知惊生于心，风生于肝，抽搐起始于气滞，这是三种不同的证候。惊与风在前面已经详细论述，然而所谓蓄积气机而成抽搐，陈氏的论述最为明理，只是没有列出具体方剂。我对于这种证候，使用宽气饮治疗，主要以枳壳、枳实为主药，因为它们调理气机。四季气机平和则身体安康，一旦气息壅滞则疾病发作。况且小儿啼哭不止，气机蕴蓄在内不能升降，在外无法发泄，辗转多时，也能引起抽搐。善于治疗的医生审察病源，从而进行治疗，万无一失。更要辨别阴阳虚实，不可轻视。
如果是阳实证，煎煮平和汤调和三解散主治，这是急惊伴有抽搐的一类。如果是阴虚证，煎煮固真汤调和宽气饮治疗，这是慢惊伴有抽搐的一类。如果是突然感受此证，尚未辨别阴阳虚实，先用五苓散配合宽气饮，以及少量加入宽热饮，三药合用，用姜汁和沸水调灌即可解除。大体上治疗抽搐的方法，贵在以宽顺气机为妙，气顺则抽搐停止，这是自然的道理。男左女右，手足抽搐者为顺证；男右女左，手足抽搐者为逆证，所以难治。如果有男右女左且证候较轻的，投用顺搐散，使左右归位，或许可以治疗。
天钓证，初起时频频打哈欠，眼睛忽然流泪，身体发热，脉象浮洪实，这是风痰壅聚，上贯心包，导致经络闭塞不通，眼球翻转视物，颈项强直后仰。两手抽搐转向后方，大哭如同愤怒，脚曲腰直，发热痰鸣，指甲皆青，状如鬼祟，名为天钓。治疗方法同前述急惊内的药物服用，先解风热，其次调理痰气，这才是恰当的。
暑风一证，因为夏季感冒风寒太甚，导致面色污垢、嘴唇红赤，脉象沉细数，突然发生惊搐，不省人事。治疗用消暑清心饮、辰砂五苓散及琥珀抱龙丸，使其自行发汗解表。切勿用温补药剂调补，热气得到补益则会重新旺盛，尤其应该戒除这一点。又有急惊或天钓之后，转变为潮热，手足逆冷，类似疟疾，大概是因为病愈之时，护理不当，外感风邪，乘虚侵入经络，再次未能解散，以致如此。《内经》说：“重阳必阴，重阴必阳。”又说：“亢则害，承乃制。”说的就是这个道理。宜服用柴胡加桂汤及当桂散，气实的患者，则用乌犀丸、水晶丹，略微给予通利之品，匀气散止补，后用参苓白术散调理，自然平复痊愈。此证所用的药品，间或使用苦寒之味，务必在于消除阳盛之火，肺金得胜，肝木自然平和，而风邪也消散，这才是良法。
大凡婴幼儿想要平时不发生惊悸，关键在于肾脏和平。所以戴氏说：“治惊不如补肾。”认为心属火，火性燥烈，得到肝风则烟焰升起，导致产生惊悸；补肾则肾水上升、心火下降，邪热无侵扰，即使有肝风，也不会产生惊骇。这种方法应当在申时（下午3-5点），进服补肾地黄丸一剂，或者琥珀抱龙丸。选用申时的原因，是因为水生于申，佐以药物，则肾水得以平和，心火不炎，自然就没有惊病了。
The discussion on Ji Jing (Acute Convulsion) was not recorded in previous medical texts, only referred to as "Yang Epilepsy" (Yang Xian). The etiology is generally due to lack of proper care, such as holding the child in a draft or near heat sources; consuming too much spicy food during the day, or covering with thick quilts at night. These factors cause pathogenic heat to stagnate in the Heart, then transmit to the Liver, compounded by external frights such as falling, shouting, thunder, drums, barking dogs, and all kinds of startling events. Before the onset of symptoms, the infant sleeps restlessly at night, laughing or crying in sleep, grinding teeth or sucking the breast, sweating on the nose bridge and forehead, with rapid breathing and phlegm rales, suddenly fainting, eyes staring upward, jaw clenching, mouth locked, and convulsions of hands and feet. This occurs due to extreme heat. Additionally, a red face and rapid pulse are distinguishable signs.
This is because the Heart suffers from heat while the Liver generates wind. Both the Heart and Liver belong to "Yang within Yang"; the Heart corresponds to Fire, and the Liver to Wind. Wind and Fire are both Yang entities; wind governs movement, and fire ignites smoke and flames when encountering wind, which is the transformation of the Five Elements. Two Yangs mutually stimulate each other, wind and fire clash. The Liver stores the Po (Corporeal Soul), and the Heart stores the Shen (Spirit). Due to heat, the Hun and Shen easily become agitated, thus causing Jing Feng (Convulsive Disorder). The Heart governs the Spirit and does not directly receive fright, but upon being startled, it generates heat; extreme heat generates wind, leading to convulsions, named Ji Jing (Acute Convulsion).
The treatment method involves first administering Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) added with Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root) and Gan Cao (Licorice Root), decocted in water; or using Bai Jie San (Hundred-Release Powder) to release the exterior, followed by unblocking Heart Qi. Mu Tong San (Akebia Decoction) and San Jie San (Three-Release Powder) are used to clear and purify the Liver Meridian, calm the soul, and reduce heat. Niu Bang Tang (Arctium Decoction) and Fang Feng Tang (Saposhnikovia Decoction) may also be used. After the convulsions subside, for mild cases, Ban Xia Wan (Pinellia Pill) is given; for severe cases, Shui Jing Dan (Crystal Pill) is administered to eliminate phlegm and prevent the development of dementia. However, strongly cold and cooling medicines must not be used, as removing heat may lead to the rise of cold ("Excess leads to harm, balance brings control"). If, in an emergency, both fright and wind symptoms occur simultaneously, Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) mixed with Chen Sha (Cinnabar) powder, taken with Bo He Tang (Mint Decoction), can slightly relieve the symptoms.
This is because Wu Ling San contains Ze Xie (Alisma Rhizome) to guide urine excretion; the Heart and Small Intestine are interior-exterior pairs. When the Small Intestine is smooth, Heart Qi flows freely, and the fright naturally diminishes. The formula contains Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig); wood withers when exposed to cinnamon, implying that Gui Zhi suppresses Liver Qi, so the wind stops. Furthermore, Chen Sha (Cinnabar) calms the spirit and soul, achieving a dual benefit. Generally, the key lies in clearing heat and cooling the Heart and Liver, followed by regulation with mild formulas. Slightly warm agents are difficult to use; physicians should examine carefully.
I have often lamented that many practitioners, seeing convulsions from fright, fail to understand the root and branch, treating them indiscriminately. They immediately administer strong cold, wind-searching agents containing minerals, Borneol, Musk, Centipede, Silkworm, Snake, and Scorpion, depleting True Qi and worsening the condition, often leading to death. It is unknown that Fright arises from the Heart, Wind from the Liver, and Convulsion begins with Qi stagnation; these are three distinct syndromes. Fright and Wind were detailed earlier. Regarding the accumulation of Qi leading to convulsions, Mr. Chen's theory is most logical, though he did not provide a formula. For this syndrome, I use Kuan Qi Yin (Qi-Widening Decoction), primarily using Zhi Ke (Bitter Orange) and Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange), as they regulate Qi. When Qi is peaceful across the four seasons, the body is healthy; once Qi stagnates, disease arises. Infants cry frequently, causing Qi to accumulate internally without ascending/descending or externally without venting. Prolonged stagnation can also cause convulsions. Skilled physicians investigate the source and treat accordingly, ensuring safety. One must distinguish Yin/Yang and Deficiency/Excess.
For Excess Yang patterns, Ping He Tang (Peaceful Harmony Decoction) combined with San Jie San (Three-Release Powder) is used; this belongs to Ji Jing (Acute Convulsion) with convulsions. For Yin Deficiency patterns, Gu Zhen Tang (Solidify Truth Decoction) combined with Kuan Qi Yin (Qi-Widening Decoction) is used; this belongs to Man Jing (Chronic Convulsion) with convulsions. If suddenly contracted without distinguishing Yin/Yang or Deficiency/Excess, first use Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) with Kuan Qi Yin (Qi-Widening Decoction) and a small amount of Kuan Re Yin (Heat-Widening Decoction). Mix the three, administer with Ginger Juice and boiling water to resolve. Generally, treating convulsions relies on widening/smoothing Qi; when Qi flows smoothly, convulsions stop, which is natural law. Male left/female right hand convulsions are favorable (Shun Zheng); male right/female left are unfavorable (Ni Zheng) and difficult to treat. For mild male-right/female-left cases, Shun Chu San (Smooth Convulsion Powder) is used to correct the direction.
Tian Gou (Sky Hook Syndrome) initially presents with frequent yawning, sudden tearing, fever, and floating, large, full, and solid pulse. This is Wind-Phlegm congestion penetrating the Pericardium, blocking meridians, causing eye rolling, neck stiffness, and backward extension. Hands spasm backward, crying angrily, legs bent, back straight, fever, phlegm sounds, blue nails, resembling demonic possession, named Tian Gou. Treatment follows the same internal medicines for Ji Jing (Acute Convulsion): first resolve Wind-Heat, then regulate Phlegm-Qi.
Shu Feng (Summer Wind) results from excessive exposure to Cold-Wind in summer, causing dirty complexion, red lips, deep/thin/rapid pulse, sudden fright convulsions, and unconsciousness. Treat with Xiao Shu Qing Xin Yin (Summer-Heat Clearing Heart Decoction), Chen Sha Wu Ling San (Cinnabar Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria), and Hu Po Bao Long Wan (Amber Dragon-Holding Pill) to induce spontaneous sweating. Do not use warm tonics, as heat will rebound with tonification.
After Ji Jing (Acute Convulsion) or Tian Gou, tidal fever and cold extremities resembling Malaria (Nué Ji) may occur due to improper care after recovery, allowing Wind-Evil to enter deficient meridians without resolution. The Classic states: "Extreme Yang transforms to Yin, Extreme Yin transforms to Yang." And "Excess leads to harm, balance brings control." This explains the principle. Administer Chai Hu Jia Gui Tang (Bupleurum plus Cinnamon Twig Decoction) and Dang Gui San (Angelica Powder). For excess Qi, use Wu Xi Wan (Black Rhinoceros Horn Pill) or Shui Jing Dan (Crystal Pill) for mild purgation, then Yun Qi San (Qi-Balancing Powder) to stop supplementation, followed by Shen Ling Bai Zhu San (Ginseng, Poria, and Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder) for regulation, leading to natural recovery. Some medicines used here include bitter-cold flavors to extinguish excessive Yang Fire. When Lung Metal prevails, Liver Wood levels itself, and Wind-Evil disperses, which is a good method.
Generally, for infants to avoid daily palpitations and fright, Kidney harmony is essential. Dai Shi said: "Treating Fright is better done by Tonifying the Kidney." The Heart belongs to Fire, which is dry; encountering Liver Wind causes flames to rise, generating fright. Tonifying the Kidney raises Water and lowers Fire, preventing pathogenic heat invasion. Even with Liver Wind, fright does not arise. This method involves administering Bu Shen Di Huang Wan (Kidney-Tonifying Rehmannia Pill) or Hu Po Bao Long Wan (Amber Dragon-Holding Pill) at Shen Hour (3-5 PM). Shen Hour is chosen because Water is born in Shen; aided by medicine, Kidney Water balances, Heart Fire does not flare, and fright ceases.