与外科参看
辨证
咽以咽物，接三脘以通胃，喉以候气，长九节以系肺，并行不悖，气谷分焉。其人胸膈，
素有痰涎，因伤酒而动胃火，伤色而动肾气，忿怒而动肝火，火动痰升塞于会厌，两旁肿大，
则为乳鹅，胀小则为喉闭，热结舌下为子舌，热结舌中为木舌，热胀于外，麻痒肿大为缠喉
风，猝然肿痛，水浆不入，语言不通者，为走喉风，古人皆谓之喉痹。治法急则治其标，用
丸散，吐痰散。热缓则治其本，用汤药降火滋阴。寸脉浮洪而溢者，痹也，微而伏者不治。
甘桔汤 桔梗三钱 甘草一钱五分 防风 荆芥 薄荷 黄芩 玄参各一钱水煎噜咽。
喉痛加鼠粘子、竹茹，咳逆加陈皮，嗽加知母、贝母，渴加五味子，唾脓血加紫菀，肺痿加
阿胶，面浮加茯苓，呕加半夏，气弱加人参、麦冬，口赤加栀子、黄连，声哑加半夏、桂枝，
胸膈不利加枳壳，胸痞满加枳实，不卧加栀子，酒毒加干葛、陈皮，肤痛加黄 ，疫毒头痛
加鼠粘子、芒硝、大黄，发斑加防风、荆芥。
治喉痹方 荔枝草、牛膝草，捣汁，加艾叶汁和人乳漱之。或滴入鼻内，再频饮夏枯草
汤。
急救喉痹方 杨梅树皮向东者，去粗皮为末，或皂角末，俱吹入鼻中，喷嚏为验。
又方
朱砂三分二厘 硼砂一分二厘 枯矾 胆矾俱一分六厘 雄黄 焰硝 片脑各一分
香少许并为末，吹入喉中。势急者，以鹅管，削尖刺破。
春风散 腊月初一，用僵蚕、黄连、朴硝、白矾、青黛，等分，贮猪胆内，悬于地坑中，
至
清上丸
治喉中诸症。
雄胆一分 雄黄 青盐各五分 硼砂一钱 薄荷叶五钱 胆矾少许。
化白糖霜为丸，如芡实，舌压一粒噙化。
清香散
治失音者。
诃子（一钱半生用，一钱半泡熟） 木通（同上） 甘草（同上） 桔梗三钱（生用）
生地五钱（捣入药）
余论
喉痛因虚火上升，法当从治，桔梗、甘草、玄参、防风、羌活、荆芥、白术、升麻、茯
苓，少加干姜、附子，为向导徐徐治之为当，若骤用凉药，则火益结，是害之矣。
滚痰丸（方见痰饮）
与外科（外科疾病）相互参照阅读。
辨证分析：
咽喉的功能不同：咽部用于吞咽食物，连接三脘以通达胃腑；喉部用于呼吸气息，长有九节以联系肺脏。两者并行不悖，气与谷物的通道是分开的。如果患者胸膈部位素有痰涎停滞，因饮酒过度而引发胃火，因房事不节而扰动肾气，因愤怒而激发肝火，导致火热内动、痰液上升并阻塞于会厌部位。若两侧肿大，称为乳蛾；肿胀较小者称为喉闭；热邪结聚于舌下称为子舌胀；热邪结聚于舌中称为木舌胀；热邪向外扩散，出现麻木、瘙痒、肿大的症状，称为缠喉风；突然肿痛，导致水浆难进、语言不通的，称为走马喉风。古人将这些病症统称为喉痹。治疗原则是：病情急骤时治其标，使用丸剂或散剂催吐以排出痰涎；病情缓和时治其本，使用汤药以降火滋阴。诊察脉象，若寸口脉浮洪且溢出指下，属于痹证；若脉象微细而伏匿，则属不治之症。
甘桔汤：桔梗三钱，甘草一钱五分，防风、荆芥、薄荷、黄芩、玄参各一钱。用水煎煮，含漱后咽下。
若喉痛，加牛蒡子、竹茹；若咳嗽气逆，加陈皮；若咳喘，加知母、贝母；若口渴，加五味子；若唾脓血，加紫菀；若肺痿，加阿胶；若面部浮肿，加茯苓；若呕吐，加半夏；若气虚，加人参、麦冬；若口唇赤红，加栀子、黄连；若声音嘶哑，加半夏、桂枝；若胸膈不畅，加枳壳；若胸痞满闷，加枳实；若失眠，加栀子；若酒毒所致，加葛根、陈皮；若皮肤疼痛，加黄柏；若疫毒头痛，加牛蒡子、芒硝、大黄；若发斑疹，加防风、荆芥。
治疗喉痹方：取荔枝草、牛膝草，捣烂取汁，加入艾叶汁和人乳漱口。或者滴入鼻中，再频繁饮用夏枯草汤。
急救喉痹方：选取向东生长的杨梅树皮，去除粗皮研为粉末，或者使用皂角末，均吹入鼻中，以引起喷嚏作为见效的标志。
又一方：朱砂三分二厘，硼砂一分二厘，枯矾、胆矾各一分六厘，雄黄、焰硝、片脑各一分，麝香少许。以上药物共研为细末，吹入喉中。若病势紧急，可用鹅毛管削尖刺破患处。
春风散：在腊月初一，取僵蚕、黄连、朴硝、白矾、青黛，等分混合，贮存在猪胆内，悬挂在地坑中。
清上丸：
治疗喉部各种病症。
熊胆一分，雄黄、青盐各五分，硼砂一钱，薄荷叶五钱，胆矾少许。
将白糖熬制成糖霜，制作成丸剂，大小如芡实，放一粒在舌下含化。
清香散：
治疗失音症。
诃子（一钱半生用，一钱半炮制熟用），木通（同上用法），甘草（同上用法），桔梗三钱（生用），生地五钱（捣碎纳入药中）。
余论：
喉痛若因虚火上炎所致，治疗方法应当顺从其性（引火归元或从治法），使用桔梗、甘草、玄参、防风、羌活、荆芥、白术、升麻、茯苓，少量加入干姜、附子作为向导，徐徐调理为宜。如果骤然使用寒凉药物，则会使火邪更加郁结，这是害处。
Refer to the section on Surgery (Waike) for cross-reference.
Differentiation of Syndromes:
The functions of the throat differ: the pharynx (Yan) is used for swallowing food, connecting through the three epigastria to communicate with the Stomach; the larynx (Hou) is used for breathing air, consisting of nine segments to connect with the Lungs. They operate in parallel without conflict, as the pathways for Qi and food are distinct. If a patient has chronic phlegm-fluid retention in the chest and diaphragm, excessive alcohol consumption may stir up Stomach Fire, sexual indiscretion may disturb Kidney Qi, and anger may ignite Liver Fire. This internal heat causes phlegm to rise and obstruct the epiglottis. Swelling on both sides is called Ru E (Goose Egg Throat); slight swelling is called Hou Bi (Throat Closure); heat accumulation under the tongue is called Zi She (Child Tongue); heat accumulation in the middle of the tongue is called Mu She (Wood Tongue); heat spreading outward causing numbness, itching, and swelling is called Chan Hou Feng (Choking Wind); sudden swelling and pain preventing the intake of fluids and speech is called Zou Ma Hou Feng (Running Horse Throat). Ancient texts collectively refer to these conditions as Hou Bi (Throat Bi). The treatment principle is: in acute cases, treat the branch (symptoms) using pills or powders to induce vomiting and expel phlegm; in mild cases, treat the root (cause) using decoctions to descend fire and nourish Yin. Regarding pulse diagnosis, if the Cun position pulse is floating, surging, and overflowing, it indicates Bi syndrome; if the pulse is faint and deep-hidden, it is incurable.
Ganjie Tang: Jiegeng (Platycodon Root) 3 qian, Gancao (Licorice Root) 1.5 qian, Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root), Jingjie (Schizonepeta Spike), Bohe (Mint), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Xuanshen (Scrophularia Root) each 1 qian. Decoct in water, gargle, and swallow.
If there is throat pain, add Niubangzi (Arctium Fruit) and Zhuru (Bamboo Shavings); if there is coughing with rebellious Qi, add Chenpi (Aged Tangerine Peel); if there is coughing, add Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome) and Beimu (Fritillaria Bulb); if there is thirst, add Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry); if there is expectoration of pus and blood, add Ziwan (Aster Root); if there is Fei Wei (Lung Atrophy), add Ejiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin); if there is facial edema, add Fuling (Poria); if there is vomiting, add Banxia (Pinellia Tuber); if there is Qi deficiency, add Renshen (Ginseng Root) and Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber); if the lips are red, add Zhizi (Gardenia Fruit) and Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome); if there is hoarseness, add Banxia (Pinellia Tuber) and Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig); if there is chest and diaphragm discomfort, add Zhike (Aurantium Fruit); if there is chest fullness and oppression, add Zhishi (Immature Aurantium Fruit); if there is insomnia, add Zhizi (Gardenia Fruit); if caused by alcohol toxicity, add Gegen (Kudzu Root) and Chenpi (Aged Tangerine Peel); if there is skin pain, add Huangbo (Phellodendron Bark); if there is epidemic toxin headache, add Niubangzi (Arctium Fruit), Mangxiao (Mirabilite), and Dahuang (Rhubarb Root); if there is macules/rash, add Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root) and Jingjie (Schizonepeta Spike).
Formula for Treating Throat Bi: Take Lizhicao (Prunella Vulgaris) and Niuxicacao (Achyranthes Bidentata), crush and extract juice, add Aiye (Mugwort Leaf) juice and human milk for gargling. Alternatively, drip into the nostrils, then frequently drink Xiakucao (Prunella Decoction).
Emergency Formula for Throat Bi: Use Yangmei shupi (Yangmei Tree Bark) growing towards the east, remove the coarse bark and grind into powder, or use Saojiao mo (Gleditsia Sinensis Powder), and insufflate into the nostrils. Induction of sneezing indicates efficacy.
Another Formula: Zhusha (Cinnabar) 3 fen 2 li, Pengsha (Borax) 1 fen 2 li, Kufan (Alum), Danfan (Chalcanthite) each 1 fen 6 li, Xionghuang (Realgar), Yanxiao (Saltpeter), Pian Nao (Borneol) each 1 fen, Xiang (Musk) a small amount. Grind all into fine powder and insufflate into the throat. In urgent cases, use a goose quill tube sharpened to pierce the affected area.
Chunfeng San: On the first day of the twelfth lunar month, take Jiangcan (Silkworm), Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), Puxiao (Mirabilite), Baifan (Alum), Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) in equal parts. Store inside a pig gallbladder and suspend it in a pit in the ground.
Qingshang Wan:
Treats various disorders of the throat.
Xiongdan (Bear Gallbladder) 1 fen, Xionghuang (Realgar), Qingyan (Blue Salt) each 5 fen, Pengsha (Borax) 1 qian, Boheye (Mint Leaf) 5 qian, Danfan (Chalcanthite) a small amount.
Melt white sugar into frost, form into pills the size of Erythrina seeds. Place one pill under the tongue and let it dissolve slowly.
Qingxiang San:
Treats aphonia (loss of voice).
Hezi (Chebulic Myrobalan) 1.5 qian raw, 1.5 qian processed; Mutong (Akebia Stem) (same preparation); Gancao (Licorice Root) (same preparation); Jiegeng (Platocodon Root) 3 qian raw; Shengdi (Rehmannia Root) 5 qian (crushed and added to the medicine).
Additional Remarks:
If throat pain is due to deficient fire rising, the treatment method should follow the nature of the disease (concordant treatment). Use Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), Gancao (Licorice Root), Xuanshen (Scrophularia Root), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root), Qianghuo (Notopterygium Rhizome), Jingjie (Schizonepeta Spike), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizome), Fuling (Poria), with a small addition of Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) and Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root) as guides, treating gradually is appropriate. If cold medicines are used abruptly, the fire will become more constrained, which is harmful.
Guntan Wan (See formula in "Phlegm-Fluid Retention" chapter)