数脉,一息六至(《脉经》)。脉流薄疾(《素问》)。数为阴不胜阳,故脉来太过焉。浮、沉、迟、数,脉之纲领。《素
问》《脉经》皆为正脉。《脉诀》立七表、八里,而遗数脉,止歌于心脏,其妄甚矣。
〔体状诗〕数脉息间常六至,阴微阳盛必狂烦。浮沉表里分虚实,惟有儿童作吉看。
〔相类诗〕数比平人多一至,紧来如数似弹绳。数而时止名为促,数见关中动脉形。数而弦急为紧,流利为滑,数
而有止为促,数甚为极,数见关中为动。
〔主病诗〕数脉为阳热可知,只将君相火来医。实宜凉泻虚温补,肺病秋深却畏之。寸数咽喉口舌疮,吐红咳嗽肺
生疡。当关胃火并肝火,尺属滋阴降火汤。数脉主腑,有力实火,无力虚火。浮数表热,沉数里热,气口数实肺痈,数
虚肺痿。
滑脉,往来前却,流利展转,替替然如珠之应指(《脉经》)。漉漉如欲脱。滑为阴气有余,故脉来流利如水。脉者,
血之府也。血盛则脉滑,故肾脉宜之;气盛则脉涩,故肺脉宜之。《脉诀》云∶按之即伏,三关如珠,不进不退,是不
分浮滑、沉滑、尺寸之滑也,今正之。
〔体状相类诗〕滑脉如珠替替然,往来流利却还前。莫将滑数为同类,数脉惟看至数间。(滑则如珠,数则六至)
〔主病诗〕滑脉为阳元气衰,痰生百病食生灾。上为吐逆下蓄血,女脉调时定有胎。寸滑膈痰生呕吐,吞酸舌强或
咳嗽。当关宿食肝脾热,渴痢 淋看尺部。滑主痰饮,浮滑风痰,沉滑食痰,滑数痰火,滑短宿食。《脉诀》言∶关滑
胃寒,赤滑脐似水。与《脉经》言关滑胃热,尺滑血蓄,妇人经病之旨相反,其谬如此。
数脉,一呼一吸之间跳动六次(出自《脉经》)。脉气流动急迫而快速(出自《素问》)。数脉是因为阴气不能制约阳气,所以脉搏来势过于亢盛。浮、沉、迟、数是脉象的纲领。《素问》和《脉经》都将它们列为正脉。《脉诀》设立七表、八里,却遗漏了数脉,只在心脏部分歌唱提及,这种错误太严重了。
〔体状诗〕数脉在呼吸之间通常跳动六次,阴气微弱阳气旺盛必然导致狂躁烦乱。根据浮、沉、表、里来区分虚实,只有对于儿童来说,数脉被视为吉兆。
〔相类诗〕数脉比正常人多跳动一次,紧脉来时像数脉一样但感觉像弹绳一样紧绷。数脉如果偶尔停止称为促脉,数脉出现在关部且呈现动脉形态。数脉兼见弦急为紧脉,流利为滑脉,数脉而有间歇为促脉,数脉极甚为极脉,数脉出现在关部为动脉。
〔主病诗〕数脉属于阳热是显而易见的,只需将君火和相火作为治疗依据。实证适宜用凉泻法,虚证适宜用温补法,但在深秋时节患肺病时却要畏惧数脉。寸口部数脉对应咽喉、口腔和舌头的疮疡,吐血、咳嗽说明肺部生疮疡。关部数脉对应胃火和肝火,尺部数脉适用滋阴降火汤。数脉主要主腑病,有力的是实火,无力的是虚火。浮数表示表热,沉数表示里热,气口(右寸)数而有力是肺痈,数而无力是肺痿。
滑脉,脉气往来流畅,流利圆转,连续不断如同珠子在指下滚动(出自《脉经》)。漉漉有声仿佛要脱落。滑脉是因为阴气有余,所以脉气来势流利如水。脉是血液汇聚的地方。血液旺盛则脉象滑利,所以肾脉宜见滑象;气机旺盛则脉象涩滞,所以肺脉宜见涩象。《脉诀》说:按之即伏,三部如珠,不进不退,这是没有区分浮滑、沉滑以及尺寸部的滑脉,现在予以纠正。
〔体状相类诗〕滑脉像珠子一样连续滚动,往来流利却又回到前面。不要把滑脉和数脉归为同类,数脉只看其至数(频率)。(滑脉像珠子,数脉是一息六至)
〔主病诗〕滑脉属阳,但往往预示元气衰败,痰饮引发百病,饮食停滞产生灾祸。向上表现为呕吐逆气,向下表现为蓄血,女性脉象滑利且调匀时必定怀孕。寸部滑脉表示膈间有痰,产生呕吐,吞酸、舌头僵硬或咳嗽。关部滑脉表示宿食停滞、肝脾有热,口渴、痢疾、淋证要看尺部。滑脉主要主痰饮,浮滑为风痰,沉滑为食痰,滑数为痰火,滑短为宿食。《脉诀》说:关部滑脉是胃寒,赤色且滑脐部似水。这与《脉经》所说的关部滑脉是胃热,尺部滑脉是蓄血,妇人月经病的宗旨相反,其谬误如此。
Shu Mai (Rapid Pulse), beating six times per respiration cycle (from *Mai Jing*). The pulse flow is forceful and rapid (from *Su Wen*). Shu Mai occurs because Yin fails to control Yang, resulting in an excessive pulse arrival. Floating, Deep, Slow, and Rapid are the outlines of pulse diagnosis. Both *Su Wen* and *Mai Jing* classify them as standard pulses. *Mai Jue* establishes Seven Superficial and Eight Interior categories but omits the Rapid pulse, mentioning it only in the context of the Heart; this error is egregious.
[Body Form Poem] The Rapid pulse beats six times per respiration; when Yin is weak and Yang is abundant, mania and restlessness inevitably occur. Differentiate deficiency and excess based on Floating/Deep and Exterior/Interior; for children alone, it is viewed as auspicious.
[Similarity Poem] The Rapid pulse beats one time more than normal. The Tight pulse resembles the Rapid but feels like a plucked string. A Rapid pulse with intermittent pauses is called Cu Mai (Crisis Pulse). A Rapid pulse appearing at the Guan position with a moving form is Dong Mai (Moving Pulse). Rapid and wiry/tense indicates Tightness; smooth indicates Slippery; Rapid with pauses indicates Crisis; extremely Rapid indicates Extreme; Rapid at the Guan position indicates Moving.
[Main Disease Poem] The nature of the Rapid pulse is Yang-Heat, evident to all; treat by addressing Ministerial Fire and Sovereign Fire. Excess patterns require cooling purgation, while deficiency patterns require warming tonification. However, in deep autumn, Lung diseases should be wary of the Rapid pulse. Rapid pulse at the Cun position corresponds to sores in the throat, mouth, and tongue; hemoptysis and coughing indicate lung abscesses. Rapid pulse at the Guan position corresponds to Stomach Fire and Liver Fire; Chi position Rapid pulse calls for Ziyin Jianghuo Tang (Yin-Nourishing Fire-Descending Decoction). Rapid pulse primarily governs Fu organs; forceful indicates Excess Fire, weak indicates Deficiency Fire. Floating-Rapid indicates Exterior Heat, Deep-Rapid indicates Interior Heat. Rapid and forceful at the Qi Kou (Right Cun) indicates Lung Abscess; Rapid and weak indicates Lung Atrophy.
Hua Mai (Slippery Pulse), flowing back and forth smoothly, round and rolling, continuously responding to the fingers like pearls (from *Mai Jing*). It flows abundantly as if about to slip away. Hua Mai occurs because Yin Qi is in excess, making the pulse flow smooth like water. The Mai is the residence of Blood. When Blood is abundant, the pulse is slippery, which suits the Kidney pulse; when Qi is abundant, the pulse is choppy, which suits the Lung pulse. *Mai Jue* states: pressing down makes it vanish, resembling pearls across all three positions, neither advancing nor retreating; this fails to distinguish between Floating-Slippery, Deep-Slippery, and Cun-Chi slippery pulses. This is now corrected.
[Body Form and Similarity Poem] The Slippery pulse rolls continuously like pearls, flowing smoothly yet returning forward. Do not categorize Slippery and Rapid together; the Rapid pulse is distinguished solely by its frequency. (Slippery resembles pearls; Rapid is six beats per respiration.)
[Main Disease Poem] The Slippery pulse belongs to Yang, yet often signifies decline of Yuan Qi; phlegm generates hundred diseases, and food stagnation brings disaster. Upward it manifests as vomiting and regurgitation; downward it manifests as blood accumulation. In women, a regular and slippery pulse definitely indicates pregnancy. Slippery pulse at the Cun position indicates phlegm in the diaphragm causing vomiting, acid regurgitation, stiff tongue, or coughing. Slippery pulse at the Guan position indicates retained food and heat in the Liver and Spleen; thirst, dysentery, and stranguria are observed at the Chi position. Slippery pulse primarily governs Phlegm-Fluid retention: Floating-Slippery indicates Wind-Phlegm, Deep-Slippery indicates Food-Phlegm, Rapid-Slippery indicates Phlegm-Fire, Short-Slippery indicates Retained Food. *Mai Jue* claims: Guan-slippery indicates Stomach Cold, red and slippery indicates fluid around the navel. This contradicts *Mai Jing*, which states Guan-slippery indicates Stomach Heat, Chi-slippery indicates blood accumulation, and the principles regarding women's menstrual disorders; such errors are manifest.