涩脉，细而迟，往来难，短且散，或一止复来（《脉经》）。参伍不调（《素问》）。如轻刀刮竹（《脉诀》）。如雨沾沙
（《通真子》）。如病蚕食叶。涩为阳气有余，气盛则血少，故脉来蹇滞，而肺宜之。《脉诀》言∶指下寻之似有，举之全
无。与《脉经》所云，绝不相干。
〔体状诗〕细迟短涩往来难，散止依稀应指间。如雨沾沙容易散，病蚕食叶慢而艰。
〔相类诗〕参伍不调名曰涩，轻刀刮竹短而难。微似秒芒微软甚，浮沉不别有无间。细迟短散，时一止曰涩。极细
而软，重按若绝曰微。浮而柔细曰濡，沉而柔细曰弱。
〔主病诗〕涩缘血少或伤精，反胃亡阳汗雨淋。寒湿入营为血痹，女人非孕即无经。寸涩心虚痛对胸，胃虚胁胀察
关中。尺为精血俱伤候，肠结溲淋或下红。涩主血少精伤之病，女人有孕为胎病，无孕为败血。杜光庭云∶涩脉独见尺
中，形同代为死脉。
虚脉，迟大而软，按之无力，隐指豁豁然空（《脉经》）。崔紫虚云∶形大力薄，其虚可知。《脉诀》言∶寻之不足，
举之有余。上言浮脉，不见虚状。杨仁斋言∶状似柳絮，散漫而迟。滑氏言∶散大而软，皆是散脉，非虚也。
〔体状相类诗〕举之迟大按之松，脉状无涯类谷空。莫把芤虚为一例，芤来浮大似慈葱。虚脉浮大而迟，按之无力。
芤脉浮大，按之中空，芤为脱血。虚为血虚，浮散二脉见浮脉。
〔主病诗〕脉虚身热为伤暑，自汗怔忡惊悸多。发热阴虚须早治，养营益气莫蹉跎。血不荣心寸口虚，关中腹胀食
难舒。骨蒸痿痹伤精血，却在神门两部居。《经》曰∶血虚脉虚。曰∶气来虚微为不及，病在内。曰∶久病脉虚者死。
涩脉，脉形细且迟，气血往来困难，脉势短促且散乱，或者出现一次停顿后再次跳动（出自《脉经》）。脉律参差不齐、不协调（出自《素问》）。感觉如同用轻刀刮竹子（出自《脉诀》）。如同雨水沾湿沙子（出自《通真子》）。如同生病的蚕吃桑叶。涩脉代表阳气有余，气盛则导致血少，所以脉来艰涩不畅，这种脉象与肺脏相宜。《脉诀》中说：手指寻按感觉似有，轻取完全无感。这与《脉经》所说的内容，截然不同。
〔体状诗〕脉细迟短涩，往来艰难，脉势散乱，偶尔停顿，依稀应合于指下。如同雨水沾沙容易散开，如同病蚕食叶缓慢而艰难。
〔相类诗〕脉律参差不齐称为涩脉，如同轻刀刮竹，短促而艰难。微脉像秒芒那样极其微弱柔软，浮取沉取之间难以辨别有无。细、迟、短、散，偶尔有一次停顿，这叫做涩脉。极细而软，重按时感觉若断若绝，这叫做微脉。浮取而柔细，这叫做濡脉；沉取而柔细，这叫做弱脉。
〔主病诗〕涩脉源于血少或伤精，或者是反胃、亡阳、大汗如雨淋。寒湿侵入营分导致血痹，女子若非怀孕就是闭经。寸部涩脉表示心虚疼痛位于胸部，关部涩脉观察胃虚胁胀。尺部涩脉是精血俱伤的征候，可能是肠结便秘、小便淋沥或便血。涩脉主要主血少精伤的疾病，女子若有孕为胎病，若无孕为败血。杜光庭说：涩脉独见于尺中，形态同代脉一样是死脉。
虚脉，脉迟大而软，按之无力，手指隐没其中感觉豁然空虚（出自《脉经》）。崔紫虚说：形体大但力量薄弱，其虚证可知。《脉诀》说：寻按不足，举之有余。上面说的是浮脉，没有表现出虚脉的形态。杨仁斋说：形状像柳絮，散漫而迟。滑氏说：散大而软，这些都是散脉，不是虚脉。
〔体状相类诗〕轻取感觉迟大，重按松软，脉状无边际类似谷中空。不要把芤脉和虚脉混为一例，芤脉浮大，中间空如慈葱。虚脉浮大而迟，按之无力。芤脉浮大，按之中空，芤脉主脱血。虚脉主血虚，浮脉和散脉见之于浮脉。
〔主病诗〕脉虚身体发热为伤暑，自汗、怔忡、惊悸多。发热阴虚须早治，养营益气莫蹉跎。血不荣心，寸口脉虚，关部腹胀饮食难舒。骨蒸痿痹伤精血，却在神门两部居。《内经》说：血虚脉虚。又说：气来虚微为不及，病在内。又说：久病脉虚者死。
The Se pulse (Se Mai, 涩脉) is fine and slow, with difficult forward and backward movement, short and scattered, or pausing once before resuming (from *Mai Jing*). The rhythm is irregular and uncoordinated (from *Su Wen*). It feels like scraping bamboo with a light knife (from *Mai Jue*). It resembles rain soaking into sand (from *Tong Zhen Zi*). It is like a sick silkworm eating leaves. Se indicates an excess of Yang Qi; when Qi is excessive, Blood becomes deficient, causing the pulse to be sluggish and obstructed, which is suitable for the Lung. *Mai Jue* states: "When seeking with fingers, it seems present; when lifting, it is completely absent." This is entirely unrelated to what *Mai Jing* says.
[Body Form Poem] Fine, slow, short, and obstructed, with difficult movement, scattered and occasionally pausing, faintly responding to the finger. Like rain soaking sand, easily scattered; like a sick silkworm eating leaves, slow and arduous.
[Similar Pulse Poem] Irregular and uncoordinated rhythm is named Se. Like scraping bamboo with a light knife, short and difficult. The Wei pulse is extremely soft and minute like the tip of a hair, making it hard to distinguish presence or absence between floating and deep palpation. Fine, slow, short, and scattered, with occasional pauses, is called Se. Extremely fine and soft, feeling as if cut off upon heavy pressure, is called Wei. Floating and soft-fine is called Ru; deep and soft-fine is called Ruo.
[Main Disease Poem] Se arises from Blood deficiency or Essence injury, or from regurgitation, collapse of Yang, or profuse sweating like rain. Cold-dampness entering the Ying level causes Blood Bi; in women, it indicates either pregnancy or amenorrhea. Se at the Cun position indicates Heart deficiency and chest pain; at the Guan position, observe Stomach deficiency and flank distension. Se at the Chi position is a sign of dual injury to Essence and Blood, indicating intestinal constipation, dysuria, or lower bleeding. Se primarily governs diseases of Blood deficiency and Essence injury. In women, if pregnant, it indicates fetal pathology; if not pregnant, it indicates stagnant blood. Du Guangting said: "Se appearing exclusively at the Chi position, resembling the Dai pulse, is a death pulse."
The Xu pulse (Xu Mai, 虚脉) is slow, large, and soft, powerless upon pressure, leaving the finger feeling hollow and empty (from *Mai Jing*). Cui Zixu said: "Large in form but weak in force, its deficiency is evident." *Mai Jue* states: "Seeking reveals insufficiency; lifting reveals excess." The above refers to the Fu pulse, not showing the characteristics of the Xu pulse. Yang Renzhai said: "Resembling willow catkins, scattered and slow." Shi Shi said: "Scattered, large, and soft; these are all San pulses, not Xu."
[Body Form and Similarity Poem] Lifting reveals slowness and largeness, pressing reveals looseness; the pulse shape has no boundary, resembling an empty grain sack. Do not confuse Kou and Xu; Kou is floating and large, hollow in the middle like a green onion. Xu is floating, large, and slow, powerless upon pressure. Kou is floating and large, hollow in the middle upon pressure; Kou indicates loss of Blood. Xu indicates Blood deficiency; Fu and San pulses appear in the Fu category.
[Main Disease Poem] A Xu pulse with body heat indicates Summerheat injury; spontaneous sweating, palpitations, and fright are common. For fever due to Yin deficiency, early treatment is required; nourish Ying and tonify Qi without delay. When Blood fails to nourish the Heart, the Cun position is Xu; at the Guan position, abdominal distension and difficulty digesting food occur. Bone-steaming, flaccidity, and numbness injuring Essence and Blood are located at the Shenmen positions on both sides. The Classics state: "Blood deficiency leads to a Xu pulse." It also states: "Qi arriving as weak and minute indicates insufficiency, with disease inside." It further states: "In chronic illness, a Xu pulse indicates death."