小青龙汤治感寒发热头疼脉沉细或呕或咳或利或噎或小便不利少腹满或喘
麻黄 白芍 干姜 甘草(炙) 细辛 桂枝(各二钱) 五味子 半夏(各一钱半) 附子
(炮二钱脉浮不用)
上 咀水煎
海藏肉桂散治伤寒服冷药过度心腹胀满四肢逆冷昏沉不识人变为阴毒恶证
肉桂(三钱) 白芍 陈皮 前胡 当归 附子(炮) 人参(各一两) 白术 木香 浓朴
(炒) 良姜(各三钱) 吴茱萸(半两)
上为粗末每服五钱入枣三枚水煎
天雄散治阴毒伤寒身重背强腹中 痛咽喉不利毒瓦斯攻心心下坚强短气呕逆唇青面黑四肢
厥逆其脉沉细而厥
天雄(一两炮去皮) 麻黄 当归 白术 半夏(各半两) 川椒(一钱) 肉桂 浓朴(各
一两) 生姜 陈皮(各二钱)
上为粗末每五钱入生姜枣煎取汁
按以上二方表里气血药也出太阳例兼看后两感法
桂枝加大黄汤治寒邪传里为大满大实痛关脉实者
桂枝 生姜(各三钱) 白芍(四钱) 甘草(二钱半炙) 大黄(一钱) 大枣(二枚)
上 咀水煎
按此太阳例药也邪虽已传寒未变热故用此攻下然既传之后邪已变热而用和解下热诸法则
不用温剂矣故大柴胡等汤详见热门及本论例兹不备录
柴胡姜桂汤治寒热自汗
方见热门
小柴胡汤治伤寒潮热而呕
按此并少阳例药也
黄连汤治伤寒胸中有热胃中有邪气腹痛欲呕吐者
黄连 甘草(炙) 干姜 桂枝(各二钱) 人参 半夏(各一钱半) 大枣(二枚)
上 咀水煎
按此出太阳例药也与以上三方解表里中上阴阳交错之剂伤寒论此法甚多宜随证选用
小青龙汤用于治疗感受寒邪后出现发热、头痛，脉象沉细，或者伴有呕吐、咳嗽、腹泻、噎塞感，或者小便不通利、少腹部胀满，或者气喘的症状。
处方组成：麻黄、白芍、干姜、炙甘草、细辛、桂枝（各二钱），五味子、半夏（各一钱半），附子（炮制，二钱；若脉浮则不用）。
煎服法：将药材切碎，加水煎煮。
海藏肉桂散用于治疗伤寒患者因过度服用寒凉药物，导致心腹胀满、四肢逆冷、昏沉嗜睡、神志不清，进而转变为阴毒恶证的情况。
处方组成：肉桂（三钱），白芍、陈皮、前胡、当归、炮附子、人参（各一两），白术、木香、炒浓朴、良姜（各三钱），吴茱萸（半两）。
煎服法：将药材捣成粗末，每次服用五钱，加入三枚大枣，加水煎煮。
天雄散用于治疗阴毒伤寒，症状表现为身体沉重、背部僵硬、腹中疼痛、咽喉不利，毒气攻心导致心下坚硬、短气、呕吐逆气、嘴唇发青、面色发黑、四肢厥冷，脉象沉细且伴有厥逆。
处方组成：炮制去皮的天雄（一两），麻黄、当归、白术、半夏（各半两），川椒（一钱），肉桂、浓朴（各一两），生姜、陈皮（各二钱）。
煎服法：将药材捣成粗末，每次取五钱，加入生姜和大枣煎煮取汁。
按语：以上两个方剂包含解表、治里、调气血的药物，出自太阳病篇的体例，需结合后文的两感法一并参考。
桂枝加大黄汤用于治疗寒邪传入体内，形成大满、大实、疼痛，且关脉实有力的情况。
处方组成：桂枝、生姜（各三钱），白芍（四钱），炙甘草（二钱半），大黄（一钱），大枣（二枚）。
煎服法：将药材切碎，加水煎煮。
按语：此方属于太阳病篇的用药体例。虽然邪气已传入里，但寒邪尚未转化为热邪，因此使用此方进行攻下。然而，既然邪气已经传入，病邪通常已转化为热邪，此时若使用和解及清热攻下的诸种法则，便不再使用温性药剂了。因此，大柴胡汤等方剂详见热门章节及本论体例，此处不再赘录。
柴胡姜桂汤用于治疗忽冷忽热、自汗出的症状。
方剂出处见热门章节。
小柴胡汤用于治疗伤寒引起的潮热和呕吐。
按语：这些方剂均属于少阳病篇的用药体例。
黄连汤用于治疗伤寒患者胸中有热、胃中有邪气，出现腹痛、想要呕吐的症状。
处方组成：黄连、炙甘草、干姜、桂枝（各二钱），人参、半夏（各一钱半），大枣（二枚）。
煎服法：将药材切碎，加水煎煮。
按语：此方出自太阳病篇的用药体例，与以上三方一样，都是解除表里、调和上下阴阳交错的方剂。《伤寒论》中此类方法很多，应当根据具体证候灵活选用。
Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) is indicated for conditions caused by cold pathogen invasion, presenting with fever, headache, and a deep, fine pulse. It may also present with symptoms such as vomiting, coughing, diarrhea, dysphagia or globus sensation, difficulty in urination, fullness in the lower abdomen, or wheezing.
Ingredients: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao), Zingiberis Rhizoma (Ganjiang), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata (Zhi Gancao), Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi) (each 2 qian); Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), Pinelliae Tuber (Banxia) (each 1.5 qian); Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) (processed, 2 qian; omit if the pulse is floating).
Preparation: Cut the herbs into small pieces and decoct in water.
Haicang Rougui San (Rougui Powder from Hai Zang) is indicated for typhoid conditions where excessive use of cold-natured medicines has led to abdominal distension and fullness, cold limbs, lethargy, unconsciousness, and transformation into Yin toxicity with malignant manifestations.
Ingredients: Cinnamomi Cortex (Rougui) (3 qian); Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi), Peucedani Radix (Qianhu), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Pao Fuzi), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) (each 1 liang); Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum (Muxiang), Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Chao Houpo), Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma (Liangjiang) (each 3 qian); Evodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu) (0.5 liang).
Preparation: Grind into coarse powder. Take 5 qian per dose, add three jujubes, and decoct in water.
Tianxiong San (Tianxiong Powder) is indicated for Yin toxicity typhoid, presenting with heavy body, stiff back, abdominal pain, throat discomfort, toxic qi attacking the heart causing hardness in the epigastrium, shortness of breath, vomiting and regurgitation, cyanotic lips, dark facial complexion, cold limbs, and a deep, fine pulse with cold extremities.
Ingredients: Tianxiong (Aconiti Radix Preparata, processed, peeled, skin removed) (1 liang); Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Pinelliae Tuber (Banxia) (each 0.5 liang); Zanthoxyli Fructus (Chuanjiao) (1 qian); Cinnamomi Cortex (Rougui), Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Houpo) (each 1 liang); Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi) (each 2 qian).
Preparation: Grind into coarse powder. Take 5 qian per dose, add fresh ginger and jujubes, decoct in water, and take the juice.
Note: The above two formulas contain herbs that release the exterior, treat the interior, and regulate Qi and Blood. They follow the pattern of the Taiyang chapter; refer also to the method of simultaneous contraction of two meridians discussed later.
Guizhi Jia Dahuang Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Rheum Decoction) is indicated when cold pathogen transmits to the interior, resulting in severe fullness, excess, and pain, with an excess pulse at the Guan position.
Ingredients: Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang) (each 3 qian); Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao) (4 qian); Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata (Zhi Gancao) (2.5 qian); Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang) (1 qian); Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus (Dazao) (2 pieces).
Preparation: Cut the herbs into small pieces and decoct in water.
Note: This formula follows the pattern of the Taiyang chapter. Although the pathogen has transmitted to the interior, the cold has not yet transformed into heat, hence this purgative formula is used. However, once transmission occurs, the pathogen typically transforms into heat. In such cases, harmonizing and clearing heat purgatives are used, and warm agents are no longer employed. Therefore, formulas such as Da Chai Hu Tang are detailed in the Hot Pathogen chapter and the examples of this treatise; they are not recorded here in full.
Chaihu Jiang Gui Tang (Bupleurum, Ginger, and Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is indicated for alternating chills and fever with spontaneous sweating.
See the Hot Pathogen chapter for the formula.
Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is indicated for typhoid with tidal fever and vomiting.
Note: These formulas belong to the Shaoyang chapter patterns.
Huanglian Tang (Coptis Decoction) is indicated for typhoid where there is heat in the chest and pathogenic qi in the stomach, presenting with abdominal pain and a desire to vomit.
Ingredients: Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata (Zhi Gancao), Zingiberis Rhizoma (Ganjiang), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi) (each 2 qian); Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Pinelliae Tuber (Banxia) (each 1.5 qian); Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus (Dazao) (2 pieces).
Preparation: Cut the herbs into small pieces and decoct in water.
Note: This formula originates from the Taiyang chapter patterns. Like the previous three formulas, it is a compound agent that releases the exterior and interior, and harmonizes the upper and lower yin and yang. There are many such methods in the Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Cold Damage); they should be selected according to the specific syndrome.