真武汤治伤寒腹痛小便不利四肢沉重疼痛下痢
茯苓 白芍 生姜(各三钱) 白术(二钱) 附子(一钱半)
上 咀水煎
附子汤治感寒身体痛手足寒骨节疼恶寒脉沉弱
附子 人参(各二钱) 茯苓 白芍(各二钱) 白术(四钱)
上 咀水煎
按此二方少阴例药也治寒湿之剂
理中汤
人参 白术 干姜 甘草(炙各等分)
上 咀水煎
韩氏温中汤
丁皮 浓朴(各一两) 干姜 白术 陈皮 丁香(各二钱)
上为末每服二钱入葱白荆芥穗煎
按韩祗和云凡病患两手脉沉迟或紧皆是胃中寒也若寸脉短小及力小于关尺者此阴盛阳虚
也或
胸膈满闷腹中胀满身体拘急手足逆冷急宜温之然寒盛体虚者宜从少阴例此止可作温中药姑存
之
海藏黄 汤
人参 黄 茯苓 白术 白芍(各一两) 甘草(炙七钱半) 干姜 陈皮 藿香(各半
两)
上 咀入生姜煎
按以上三方出理中例法也
宝鉴铁刷汤治寒积上焦呕吐不止痰饮胸膈不快食不下
半夏(四钱) 草豆蔻 丁香 干姜(炮) 诃子皮(各三钱) 生姜(一两)
上散作三服水煎
附子理中丸治中焦有寒腹痛或感寒头痛发热恶寒腹痛不饮水
理中汤(三两) 附子(一枚)
上为末蜜丸如鸡黄大每一丸温汤化下
元戎苦楝丸治下焦有寒积小腹急痛奔豚等证
川苦楝 茴香 附子(各一两三味酒煮干再焙) 玄胡(半两) 全蝎(十八个炒) 丁香(
十八个)
上为末酒糊丸梧子大每五十丸食前当归汤下
按以上诸方治寒积或食寒物等致者虽分三焦等用则不离乎温中法也然寒冷之物停蓄于中
则当
温剂下之者又不必拘此如气分寒宜仲景桂枝附子汤选用血分寒宜当归四逆汤之类要在临时通
变可也
真武汤用于治疗伤寒引起的腹痛、小便不利、四肢沉重疼痛以及下痢。
茯苓、白芍、生姜(各三钱)、白术(二钱)、附子(一钱半)。
将药材切碎,加水煎煮。
附子汤用于治疗感受寒邪导致的身体疼痛、手足寒冷、骨节疼痛、恶寒、脉象沉弱。
附子、人参(各二钱)、茯苓、白芍(各二钱)、白术(四钱)。
将药材切碎,加水煎煮。
按语:这两首方剂属于少阴病(少阴经受邪所致的病证)的用药范例,是治疗寒湿的方剂。
理中汤
人参、白术、干姜、甘草(炙,各等分)。
将药材切碎,加水煎煮。
韩氏温中汤
丁皮、浓朴(各一两)、干姜、白术、陈皮、丁香(各二钱)。
将药材研为细末,每次服用二钱,加入葱白、荆芥穗煎煮。
按语:韩祗和说,凡是病人两手脉象沉迟或紧,都是胃中有寒。如果寸脉短小且力量小于关尺部,这是阴盛阳虚。或者出现胸膈满闷、腹中胀满、身体拘急、手足逆冷等症状,应当紧急使用温法。然而对于寒盛体虚者,宜参照少阴病的治法。此处仅作为温中药保留。
海藏黄芪汤
人参、黄芪、茯苓、白术、白芍(各一两)、甘草(炙七钱半)、干姜、陈皮、藿香(各半两)。
将药材切碎,加入生姜煎煮。
按语:以上三方均出自理中汤的变法。
宝鉴铁刷汤用于治疗寒积在上焦导致的呕吐不止、痰饮导致胸膈不适、饮食难下。
半夏(四钱)、草豆蔻、丁香、干姜(炮制)、诃子皮(各三钱)、生姜(一两)。
将药材制成散剂,分三次服用,加水煎煮。
附子理中丸用于治疗中焦有寒,表现为腹痛,或因感寒导致的头痛、发热、恶寒、腹痛且不欲饮水。
理中汤(三两)、附子(一枚)。
将药材研为细末,用蜂蜜制成如鸡子黄大小的丸剂,每次取一丸,用温水化开服用。
元戎苦楝丸用于治疗下焦有寒积,表现为小腹急痛、奔豚气等证候。
川苦楝、茴香、附子(各一两,这三味药酒煮后干燥再焙干)、玄胡索(半两)、全蝎(十八个,炒制)、丁香(十八个)。
将药材研为细末,用酒糊制成梧桐子大小的丸剂,每次五十丸,饭前用当归汤送服。
按语:以上诸方治疗因寒积或食用寒凉食物等导致的病症,虽然分为上、中、下三焦等不同部位使用,但都不离乎温中的治法。然而,如果寒冷之物停蓄于体内,则应当使用温下剂来攻逐,也不必拘泥于此法。例如气分有寒,适宜选用张仲景的桂枝附子汤;血分有寒,适宜选用当归四逆汤之类。关键在于根据临证情况灵活变通。
Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) is used to treat abdominal pain, difficulty in urination, heaviness and pain in the four limbs, and dysentery caused by Shanghan (Cold Damage).
Fuling (Poria), Baishao (White Peony Root), Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) (each 3 qian), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) (2 qian), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateralis Radix) (1.5 qian).
Crush the herbs and decoct with water.
Fuzi Tang (Aconite Decoction) is used to treat body pain, cold hands and feet, bone and joint pain, aversion to cold, and a deep and weak pulse caused by contracting cold pathogens.
Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateralis Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) (each 2 qian), Fuling (Poria), Baishao (White Peony Root) (each 2 qian), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) (4 qian).
Crush the herbs and decoct with water.
Note: These two formulas are examples of medications for Shaoyin disease (diseases affecting the Shaoyin meridians) and are agents for treating cold-dampness.
Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction)
Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger Rhizome), Gancao (Licorice Root) (roasted, equal parts).
Crush the herbs and decoct with water.
Han's Wenzhong Tang (Han's Warm the Middle Decoction)
Dingpi (Tangerine Peel), Houpo (Magnolia Bark) (each 1 liang), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger Rhizome), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Chenpi (Aged Tangerine Peel), Dingxiang (Clove Bud) (each 2 qian).
Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, decoct with Congbai (Scallion White) and Jingjiesui (Schizonepeta Spike).
Note: Han Zhihe stated that whenever a patient has a deep, slow, or tight pulse in both hands, it indicates cold in the stomach. If the Cun (inch) pulse is short and small, and its force is less than that of the Guan (bar) and Chi (cubit) positions, this indicates excess Yin and deficiency of Yang. Or if there is fullness and oppression in the chest and diaphragm, abdominal distension, bodily stiffness, and cold extremities, urgent warming is required. However, for those with severe cold and deficient constitution, one should follow the Shaoyin pattern. This is retained here merely as a warm-the-middle formula.
Haicang Huangqi Tang (Haicang Astragalus Decoction)
Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Huangqi (Astragalus Root), Fuling (Poria), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Baishao (White Peony Root) (each 1 liang), Gancao (Licorice Root) (roasted, 7.5 qian), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger Rhizome), Chenpi (Aged Tangerine Peel), Huoxiang (Patchouli Herb) (each half liang).
Crush the herbs and decoct with Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger).
Note: The above three formulas are derived from the principles of Lizhong Tang.
Baojian Tieshua Tang (Precious Mirror Iron Brush Decoction) is used to treat persistent vomiting due to cold accumulation in the Upper Jiao (Upper Burner), discomfort in the chest and diaphragm due to phlegm-fluids, and inability to eat.
Banxia (Pinellia Tuber) (4 qian), Caodoukou (Cardamom Seed), Dingxiang (Clove Bud), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger Rhizome) (processed), Heqipi (Persimmon Calyx) (each 3 qian), Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) (1 liang).
Prepare as a powder, divide into three doses, and decoct with water.
Fuzi Lizhong Wan (Aconite Regulate the Middle Pill) is used to treat cold in the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner) manifesting as abdominal pain, or headache, fever, aversion to cold, abdominal pain, and lack of desire to drink water caused by contracting cold.
Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) (3 liang), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateralis Radix) (1 piece).
Grind into powder, make pills with honey the size of a chicken egg yolk. Dissolve one pill in warm water for each dose.
Yuanrong Kulian Wan (Yuanrong Melia Pill) is used to treat cold accumulation in the Lower Jiao (Lower Burner) manifesting as acute pain in the lower abdomen, Ben Tun (running piglet syndrome), and other conditions.
Chuan Kulian (Melia Toosendan Fruit), Huixiang (Fennel Fruit), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateralis Radix) (each 1 liang; these three herbs are boiled in wine, dried, and then roasted), Yanzhusu (Corydalis Rhizome) (half liang), Quanxie (Scorpion) (18 pieces, stir-fried), Dingxiang (Clove Bud) (18 pieces).
Grind into powder, bind with wine paste to make pills the size of wutong seeds. Take 50 pills before meals, washed down with Danggui Tang (Angelica Decoction).
Note: The above formulas treat conditions caused by cold accumulation or consumption of cold foods. Although they are applied according to the Upper, Middle, and Lower Jiao, they do not depart from the method of warming the middle. However, when cold substances accumulate internally, purgative agents with warming properties should be used, and one need not strictly adhere to this approach. For example, for cold in the Qi level, Zhang Zhongjing's Guizhi Fuzi Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction) may be selected; for cold in the Blood level, Danggui Sini Tang (Angelica Frigid Extremity Decoction) and similar formulas may be used. The key lies in flexible adaptation to the clinical situation.