申斗垣曰∶口疳，是湿热在于胃口。盖口乃脾之窍，若不早治，恐蚀其口、唇、腮、
颊，则凶。（《启玄》）
奎光曰∶糜疳，令人满口糜烂，与小儿口疳同治。
又曰∶口疳宜用丝绵搅洗，忌用布。
验方（《锦囊》）
人中白（ 二两） 铜青（三钱五分） 冰片（二分） 麝香（一分）
上研极细，冷浓茶净口，吹少许，候痰涎流尽再吹一二次，即愈。甚者加西牛黄一分更好。
又方（《启玄》）
橄榄核（一两） 儿茶（五钱） 冰片（二分）
研细搽之，三次痊愈。
口疳（《简便》） 甘蔗皮烧研搽，甚效。
腮肿及口疳难痊（《急救》）
半夏 香附（各等分）
用鸡子清共捣如泥。左病贴右涌泉穴，右病贴左涌泉穴。贴之即瘳。
口疳。
红枣（十枚烧存性） 冰片（二分）
研吹患处。
又方 缩砂仁壳 研擦之。
又方（《活幼新书》） 鸡肫皮烧存性，敷之立效。
小儿口疳大人疳疮。
好儿茶（一两） 五倍子（炒黄四分） 黄柏（蜜炙五分） 冰片（二分）
研细吹搽。
冯鲁瞻曰∶满口生疮者，名曰口糜。若白细点子，生于上 者，名曰七星疮也。总
不外乎心肺胃三经之蕴热，随所经而清利之。间有泄泻，脾元衰弱，不能按纳下焦
阴火，是以上乘，为口疮糜烂者。不可误投凉剂，宜用六君子、理中汤之类。（《锦囊》）
又曰∶口者，五脏六腑所贯通也，为脾之窍，脏腑之气，皆由此出入，若门户
也。脏腑有偏胜之邪，则口有偏胜之证。
陈实功曰∶口破，虚火色淡而白斑细点，甚者陷露龟纹，脉虚不渴。此因思烦
太甚，多醒少睡，治以知柏四物汤加丹皮、肉桂。实火者，色红而满口烂斑，甚者腮
舌俱肿，脉实口干。此乃膏粱浓味，醇酒炙 ，心火妄动，治以凉膈散。（《正宗》）
又曰∶如口舌生疮，舌干、黄、硬，作渴者，加减八味丸。
又曰∶宜吹赴筵散，吐涎则愈，俱禁水漱。
奎光曰∶凡腮口肿烂，用筋缚丝绵蘸
水轻搅，如觉痛，易治，不然系死肉，多难治也。
又曰∶伤寒口糜者，因心脾受热，郁火熏蒸，治宜理心脾，其脉则洪大有力，而
为实热者也。更有脾元中气不足，不能按纳下焦阴火，以致口糜生疮，宜服附子理
中汤者，不可不知。
申斗垣说：口疳，是湿热邪气停留在胃脘部。因为口是脾的外窍，如果不尽早治疗，恐怕会腐蚀口腔、嘴唇、面颊和腮部，那样病情就会凶险。（出自《启玄》）
他又说：治疗口疳适宜用丝绵蘸水轻轻搅洗漱口，忌讳使用布巾擦拭。
验方（出自《锦囊》）
人中白（二两） 铜青（三钱五分） 冰片（二分） 麝香（一分）
将上述药材研磨成极细的粉末，用冷却的浓茶水洗净口腔，吹入少许药粉，等待痰涎流尽后再吹入一两次，即可痊愈。病情严重的，增加西牛黄一分效果更好。
又一方（出自《启玄》）
橄榄核（一两） 儿茶（五钱） 冰片（二分）
研磨成细末后涂抹患处，三次即可痊愈。
腮肿及口疳难以痊愈（出自《急救》）
半夏 香附（各等分）
用鸡蛋清共同捣烂如泥状。左侧患病贴敷右侧涌泉穴，右侧患病贴敷左侧涌泉穴。贴敷后即刻见效。
又一方
缩砂仁壳，研磨后擦拭患处。
又一方（出自《活幼新书》）
鸡肫皮烧至存性，敷于患处，立即见效。
小儿口疳及大人疳疮。
优质儿茶（一两） 五倍子（炒至微黄四分） 黄柏（蜜炙五分） 冰片（二分）
研磨成细末后吹入或涂抹患处。
冯鲁瞻说：满口生疮的，称为口糜。如果是白色的细小斑点，生长在上颚的，称为七星疮。这些病症总归不外乎心、肺、胃三经蕴积的热邪，根据热邪所在的经络进行清热利湿治疗。间或有伴有泄泻的，这是脾元衰弱，不能镇纳下焦的阴火，导致阴火上冲，引起口腔疮疡糜烂。这种情况下不可误投寒凉药剂，适宜使用六君子汤、理中汤之类的方剂。（出自《锦囊》）
他又说：口，是五脏六腑气血贯通的地方，作为脾的外窍，脏腑之气都由此出入，就像门户一样。脏腑如果有偏胜的邪气，那么口就会出现偏胜的症状。
陈实功说：口破，虚火所致者，颜色淡而有白斑细点，严重的凹陷露出龟裂般的纹路，脉象虚弱且不口渴。这是因为思虑烦扰太过，多醒少睡所致，治疗用知柏四物汤加入丹皮、肉桂。实火所致者，颜色红且满口烂斑，严重的腮部和舌头都肿胀，脉象实大且口干。这是由于过食肥甘厚味、醇酒炙烤食物，导致心火妄动，治疗用凉膈散。（出自《正宗》）
他又说：如果口舌生疮，舌头干燥、发黄、变硬，并感到口渴的，用加减八味丸治疗。
他又说：适宜吹入赴筵散，吐出涎液后痊愈，同时必须禁止用水漱口。
奎光说：凡是腮帮和口腔肿胀糜烂的，用筋捆扎丝绵蘸水轻轻搅动清洗，如果感觉疼痛，说明容易治疗；如果不痛，则是死肉，大多难以治疗。
他又说：伤寒病引起的口糜，是因为心脾受热，郁结之火熏蒸所致，治疗应当调理心脾，其脉象洪大有力，属于实热证。更有脾元中气不足，不能镇纳下焦阴火，导致口糜生疮的，适宜服用附子理中汤，这一点不可不知道。
Shen Douyuan stated: Kougan (oral ulceration) is caused by damp-heat stagnating in the stomach region. Since the mouth is the orifice of the Spleen, if not treated early, it may corrode the mouth, lips, cheeks, and parotid areas, leading to a critical condition. (From *Qixuan*)
Kui Guang stated: Mixian (mucosal erosion) causes widespread erosion throughout the mouth; its treatment is the same as that for pediatric Kougan.
He further stated: For treating Kougan, it is appropriate to use raw silk soaked in water to gently swish and clean the mouth; using cloth for wiping is contraindicated.
Empirical Prescription (From *Jinnang*):
Renzhongbai (Oxysiphonis Alba, Human Tooth Ash) [2 liang], Tongqing (Chalcocitum, Copper Green) [3 qian 5 fen], Bingpian (Borneolum Syntheticum, Borneol) [2 fen], Shexiang (Moschus, Musk) [1 fen].
Grind these into an extremely fine powder. Rinse the mouth thoroughly with cold, strong tea, then insufflate a small amount of the powder. Wait until saliva and phlegm drain completely, then insufflate one or two more times; recovery will follow. For severe cases, adding Xiniuhuang (Bovis Calculus, Indian Buffalo Stone) [1 fen] yields better results.
Another Prescription (From *Qixuan*):
Ganlanhe (Canarii Fructus Semen, Olive Pit) [1 liang], Ercha (Catechu, Catechu Extract) [5 qian], Bingpian (Borneolum Syntheticum, Borneol) [2 fen].
Grind into a fine powder and apply topically to the affected area; three applications lead to complete recovery.
Kougan (From *Jianbian*):
Burn sugarcane peel to ash, grind into powder, and apply topically; this is highly effective.
Parotid Swelling and Intractable Kougan (From *Jijiu*):
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, Pinellia Tuber) and Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma, Cyperus Rhizome) in equal parts.
Mash together with egg white (Jizi Qing) until forming a paste. Apply to the Yongquan (KI-1) acupoint on the opposite side: if the left side is diseased, apply to the right Yongquan; if the right side is diseased, apply to the left Yongquan. Healing occurs immediately upon application.
Kougan:
Hongzao (Jujubae Fructus, Jujube Fruit) [10 pieces, burned until carbonized but retaining essence], Bingpian (Borneolum Syntheticum, Borneol) [2 fen].
Grind and insufflate into the lesion.
Another Prescription:
Suosharenke (Amomi Fructus Pericarpium, Shell of Amomum Fruit), grind and rub onto the affected area.
Another Prescription (From *Huoyou Xinshu*):
Jizhenpi (Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum, Chicken Gizzard Lining), burned until carbonized but retaining essence, applied topically; immediate effect is observed.
Pediatric Kougan and Adult Gan Chuang (Oral Ulcers):
High-quality Ercha (Catechu, Catechu Extract) [1 liang], Wubeizi (Gallae Chinensis, Chinese Gall) [stir-fried until yellow, 4 fen], Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex, Phellodendron Bark) [honey-fried, 5 fen], Bingpian (Borneolum Syntheticum, Borneol) [2 fen].
Grind into a fine powder and insufflate or apply topically.
Feng Luzhan stated: When sores appear all over the mouth, it is named Komi (oral mucosal erosion). If small white spots appear on the upper palate, it is named Qixing Chuang (Seven-Star Ulcer). These conditions generally stem from accumulated heat in the Heart, Lung, and Stomach meridians; treatment involves clearing and draining heat according to the affected meridian. Occasionally, diarrhea accompanies the condition due to weakness of the Spleen's primordial qi, which fails to anchor the Yin fire of the lower jiao, causing it to flare upward and result in oral erosion. In such cases, cold-natured medicines must not be mistakenly administered; instead, formulas such as Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) or Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) are appropriate. (From *Jinnang*)
He further stated: The mouth serves as a thoroughfare for the Qi of the five zang and six fu organs and is the orifice of the Spleen. The Qi of the organs enters and exits through it, much like a gate. If the organs harbor excess pathogenic factors, the mouth will manifest corresponding symptoms.
Chen Shigong stated: In oral ulcers caused by deficient fire, the color is pale with fine white spots; in severe cases, lesions sink and reveal crack-like patterns, accompanied by a deficient pulse and absence of thirst. This results from excessive mental worry and fatigue, characterized by being awake too much and sleeping too little. Treatment employs Zhibai Siwu Tang (Anemarrhena, Phellodendron and Four Substances Decoction) supplemented with Mudan Pi (Moutan Cortex, Tree Peony Bark) and Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex, Cinnamon Bark). In cases of excess fire, the lesions are red with widespread erosive patches; in severe cases, the cheeks and tongue swell, accompanied by a surging pulse and dry mouth. This arises from consuming rich, greasy foods, strong alcohol, and roasted meats, causing the Heart fire to flare recklessly. Treatment employs Liangge San (Cool the Diaphragm Powder). (From *Zhengzong*)
He further stated: For oral and lingual ulcers accompanied by a dry, yellow, hard tongue and thirst, employ Jiajian Bawei Wan (Modified Eight Ingredients Pill).
He further stated: It is advisable to insufflate Fushan San (Attend Banquet Powder); healing occurs after expectoration of saliva. Water rinsing is strictly prohibited during treatment.
Kui Guang stated: For swelling and erosion of the cheeks and mouth, bind raw silk with a tendon, dip it in water, and gently swish/clean the area. If pain is felt, the condition is easy to treat; if no pain is felt, it indicates necrotic tissue (dead flesh), which is difficult to treat.
He further stated: Komi resulting from Shanghan (Cold Damage disease) is caused by heat affecting the Heart and Spleen, where stagnant fire steams upward. Treatment should regulate the Heart and Spleen; the pulse is typically surging, large, and forceful, indicating excess heat. Additionally, when deficiency of the Spleen's middle qi fails to anchor the Yin fire of the lower jiao, leading to Komi and ulcers, Fuzi Lizhong Tang (Aconite Regulate the Middle Decoction) is appropriate. This distinction must not be overlooked.