程山龄曰∶凡肿在头面以上者，不宜艾灸，恐引火气上攻，宜用神灯照法，神
乎其神。用火照散安纸捻中，以麻油浸点，每用神火三枝，离毒半寸许照之，自外而
内，俾药气透入，皮色紫滞者，立转红活；疮势平塌者，立转高耸。仍须不时照之，则
毒瓦斯顿解，转阴为阳，以收全功。且此法不止施于头面，即如发背等毒，亦宜用之。
此痈疽门之宝筏，宜互相参考，以神其用也。（《十法》）
火照散（即神灯照法，《正宗》）
朱砂 血竭 没药（各三钱） 麝香（五分） 明雄（三钱）
共为细末，用绵纸条长寸许，每条裹药三分，真麻油浸点，自外而内，周遭照
之，疮毒随药气解散，自不内侵脏腑。初用三条，渐加至五七条，疮势渐平，又渐
减之。熏罢随上红升丹，粘贴膏药。若肿势漫延周遭，用药敷之，如再熏，须洗去
末药。其贴膏药处，药油可不必洗。
熏发背对口神方（盛旦明）此二种疮，初起先用丝瓜叶，煎水洗之；如无，热水
洗之。后用儿茶、血竭、乳香去油、没药去油，各一钱，研匀。卷入草纸内成条，浸
在麻油内浸透，点着照疮头熏之。一点露水相似，其毒自散。如知觉迟，已肿不可当，亦要熏过，最效。
李东垣曰∶夫疽则宜灸不宜烙，痈则宜烙不宜灸。丹瘤肿毒，宜 渍之，肿皮
光软，则针开之，以泄其毒。治疮之手法，殆不过此，而各有所宜。故《圣惠方》论
曰∶认是疽疮，便宜灸之一二百壮，如绿豆许，火灸后觉似 痛，经一宿，乃是火
气下彻，肿内热气被火导之，随火而出，所以然也。若其疮痒，宜隔豉饼子灸之，其
饼须以椒、姜、盐、葱相和捣烂，捏作饼子，浓薄如叠三钱为率，当疮头豉饼子上
灸之，若觉太热即抬起，又安其上，饼子若干，更换新者尤佳。若其疮痛，即须急
灸，壮数多为妙。若其脓已成者，慎不可灸，即便针开之，即得瘥也。若诸疮经久
不瘥，变成漏者，宜用硫黄灸法灸之。其法∶硫黄一块，看疮大小，口上安之，别
取硫黄少许，放火上烧，用钗尖挑起，点硫黄令着三五遍，取脓水干差为度。若发
背初生，即宜上饼灸法灸之；初觉背上有疮，疼痒颇异，认是发背，即取净土水和
捻作饼子，径一寸，浓二分贴着疮上，以艾炷灸之，一炷一易饼子。其疮粟米大时，
可灸七七壮；其疮如钱许大，日夜不住灸，以差为度。已上数方，并根据本方，一一亲
验，所以载之。愚谓疮医自幼至老，凡所经验，必须写之。尝记疳 、恶疮，诸医
不验者，取蛴螬剪去两头，安疮口上，以艾灸之，七壮一易，不过一枚，无不效者。
又法∶用乞火婆虫灸之同前法，累验之神效，人皆秘之，往往父子不传。又法∶赤
皮蒜捣烂捏作饼子，一如豆豉饼子灸法灸之，弥佳。（《十书精义》）
蒋示吉曰∶凡疮初起，不论阴阳，俱用灸火灸之，是开门逐贼法也。（《说约》）
又曰∶试疮头在何处，好于疮顶灸法。先以湿纸覆疮上，立视其纸先干处，乃疮
结头处也。
又曰∶初起一二日，灸可立愈；三四日，十愈六七；若过七日之关，内脓将成，则不可灸矣。
程山龄曰∶隔蒜艾灸，灸法胜于刀针。书云∶不痛灸至痛，痛灸不痛时。凡治痈
疽，疔毒流注，及一切无名肿毒，以大蒜切片安疮顶上，用陈艾炷安蒜上，香点灸
之。其艾炷大小，看疮毒大小取裁。若痈疽之大者，以蒜捣饼敷上，必须不痛者灸
至大痛而止，疼痛者，灸至不知痛而后止。若灸不透，反能为害。若内已有脓，则不
须灸矣。（《十法》）
陈实功曰∶痈疽发背怎生医，不论阴阳先灸之，不痛灸至痛，痛灸不痛时。（《正宗》）
又曰∶考之方书，凡头上疮面疔毒、肾俞发，俱禁艾火。以头为诸阳之首，又乃
纯阳无阴之位，生疮俱是亢阳热极，如再加艾火，使毒瓦斯炽甚，随后必加大肿，最
能引动内痰，发之必死。又有面疮为阳毒，肾俞发多因房劳素亏，肾水枯竭，真阴销
烁其源，必致内外干涸，多成黑陷，昏闷而死。又有病患元气素虚，肢体倦怠，精
神昏愦，疮形平塌，脉来微散空虚，及素畏艾火者，俱不可灸。灸之恐生昏晕，且
无真气抵挡火力，有损无益，诚至言也。
又曰∶如阴疮数多者，艾炷不及其事，以蒜捣烂，铺于疮上，再以艾又铺蒜上，点
火灸之。必知痛甚为效，此为火气方得入里知痛，深处方是好肉，盖艾火拨引郁毒，
透通疮窍，使内毒有路而外发，诚为疮科首节第一法也。贵在早灸为佳。
陈文治曰∶疔毒药力不能速到，非艾火不解，惟艾火功效甚捷。
周文采曰∶初起阴塌不起，便可用艾
多灸，或隔蒜灸之，如痛灸至痒，如痒灸至痛，此最妙法也。若疽疮已成，亦可用
火针烙开疮口，则易治也。（《集验》）
又曰∶痈疽初发小点，一二日间，急以大蒜头横切如钱，放顶上，顿小艾炷灸
之，五壮而止。若形状稍大，以黄棉纸蘸酒全贴肿上，先于干处为筋脚，于先干处
灸之，或两处先干，皆灸，但五七壮而止。又法∶屈指从四围按之，过痛处是根，就
是重按深入，自觉轻快，即此灸之，更于别处灸；若或大肿，即捣蒜为饼，焙干蘸
醋灸热，更换频罨，或以熨斗火于蒜饼上熨之，更换热饼频熨。如觉患处走散，即
以绵帛盖覆，勿令气泄，俟少间敷药。凡痈疽展大如龟之形，且看头向上下，先灸
其前两脚，次灸其尾，或红筋走紧而长，从尽处灸之，须留头并后两脚勿灸。若尽灸
之，不惟火气壅聚，使毒无从解散，又攻入里也。若辨认不明，以香白芷三分，汉
椒、桑白皮各一分，连叶葱白十根，新水煎汤，入酸醋半盏，淋洗少顷，其筋自现，
可以辨验头尾。
朱丹溪曰∶头面患毒，如纯阴平塌顽麻，非艾灸无功，但艾炷宜小，如麦粒样
式，以神其用也。
窦汉卿曰∶凡灸于患上头聚处，切蒜片如钱浓，放患处置艾壮于上，以火燃之。
若蒜皮枯焦，再易之。待将毕，三五壮着贴肉上灸为佳，至少者以二十一壮为期。头
顶上五壮七壮为期。艾炷只可如豆大，但面心为阳中之阳，禁灸。其阳证不可灸者
何？恐火气内侵，势益昌大，以火济火，故戒之。惟阴证可灸，郁气、湿热、积毒，借
火以拔之，然以火济水，自有相生之妙。临灸毕，用口吹火致灭。其火功借气得以入
内。其疮易散。设或灸不能即散者，灸迟之故也。虽不能全散，大能解毒，易溃脓，
易敛口，功难尽述。惟脏毒、坐马痈，以蚯蚓泥作饼，代蒜片艾灸之，以热为度，易
之如前，共十四壮为期。若附骨疽，痈毒
入骨髓，择天气晴朗和暖，尻神不犯吉日，午时灸至申时止，徐问病者骨中热否，若
果骨中热方效。凡灸不拘壮数，忽然爆起者，是病根脱矣，即止之。凡灸须饮食半
饱，并饮好酒以通经络，以和气血；再令善笑谈者，以乱其痛，亦妙方也。体虚者
禁灸。（《经验全书》）
薛立斋曰∶余按疮疡之证，有诸内必形诸外，在外者引而拔之，在内者疏而下
之，苟或毒瓦斯郁结，瘀血凝滞，轻者药可解散，重者药无全功，是以灼艾之功为大。
凡灸法，未溃则拔引郁毒，已溃则补接阳气，每治四肢患疮，气血无亏者，灸之皆
愈。头乃诸阳之首，及肾俞一穴在于两腰脊旁，并弱甚之人，内无真气抵挡火气，数
证禁灸，当慎察之。
王肯堂曰∶灸，乃从治之意，惟头为诸阳所聚，艾炷宜小而少。若少阳分野，尤
不可灸，灸之多至不救，亦有因灸而死者。盖虚甚孤阳将绝，其脉必浮数而大且鼓，精
神必短而昏，无以抵挡火气，宜其危也。
汪省之曰∶夫疮有脓水恶物，渐渍根深者，用面、硫黄、蒜三物，一处捣烂，看
疮大小，捻作饼子，浓三分，安疮上，用艾炷灸二十一壮，一壮一易矣。后四五日，
用翠霞锭子 入疮内，使歹肉尽去，好肉长平，然后贴收敛之药，内服补接之剂，调
理则瘥矣。
《元戎》曰∶疮疡自外而入者，不宜灸，自内而出者宜灸，外入者托之而不内，内
出者接之而令外。故经云∶陷者灸之，灸而不痛，痛而后止其灸。灸而不痛者，先
及其溃所以不痛，其灸而痛者，先及其未溃所以痛，而次及将溃，所以不痛也。
《精要》曰∶脑为诸阳所会，颈项近咽喉，肾俞皆致命之所，俱不可灼艾。
刘河间灸刺法谓∶凡疮疡须分经络部分，血气多少， 穴远近，从背出者，当
从太阳五穴，选用至阴（在足小指外铡，去爪甲角如韭叶大。）通谷（在足小指外侧，本节前陷中。）束骨（在
足小指外侧，本节后陷中。）昆仑（在足外踝后跟骨上陷中。）委中（在 中央、约纹中动脉。）从鬓出者，当
从少阳五穴，选用窍阴（在足小指次指端，去爪甲如韭叶。）侠溪（在足小指次指歧骨间本节前陷中。）临泣
（在足小指次指本节后间陷中。）阳辅（在外踝上四寸，辅骨前，绝骨端，如前三分。）阳陵泉（在膝下一寸，外廉
陷中。）从髭出者，当从阳明五穴，选用厉兑（在足大指次指去爪甲如韭叶。）内庭（在足大指次指，外
间陷中。）陷谷（在足大指次指间，本节后陷中。）冲阳（在足趺上五寸，骨间动脉，去陷骨三寸。）解谷
（在冲阳后一寸五分，腕上陷中。）从脑出者，则唯绝骨一穴，（在外踝上三寸，动脉中。）详见《痈疽灸经》。
刘宗浓曰∶此谓痈疽初发，宜灸之也。然诸疮患久成漏者，常有脓水不绝，其脓
不臭，内无歹肉，尤宜用附子浸透，切作大片，浓两三分，于疮上着艾灸之，仍服
内托之药，隔二三日再灸之，不五七次，自然肌肉长满矣。至有脓水恶物，渐渍根深
者，郭氏治用白面、硫黄、大蒜三物，一处捣烂，看疮大小，捻作饼子，浓约三分，
于疮上用艾炷灸二十一粒，一灸一易。后隔四五日，方用翠霞锭子并信效锭子，互
换用之。插入疮内，歹肉尽去，好肉长平，然后贴收敛之药，内服应病之剂调理，即
瘥矣。盖不止宜灸于疮之始发也。大抵始发宜灸，要汗下补养之药对证，至灸冷疮，
亦须内托之药切当，设反逆不唯不愈，恐致转生他病之患也。
经曰∶肉之大会为谷，肉之小会为溪。肉分之间，溪谷之会，以行营卫，以会大
气。邪溢气壅，脉热肉败，营卫不行，必将为脓。内锁骨髓，外破大 ，留于节腠，
必将为败。积寒留舍，营卫不养，肉缩筋肋肘不得伸，内为骨痹，外为不仁，命曰
大寒，留于溪谷也。此用附子灸者，盖此义也。（灸漏疮论）
李氏云∶治疽之法，灼艾之功胜于用药，盖使毒瓦斯外泄，譬诸盗入人家，当开
门逐之，不然则入室为害矣。凡疮初发一二日，须用大颗独蒜，切片三分浓，贴疽
顶，以艾隔蒜灸之，每三壮一易蒜，疮溃则贴神异膏，如此则疮不开，大肉不坏，疮
口易敛，一举三得。此法之妙，人所罕知。若头顶见疽，则不可用此法。（《五府极观碑》载）
伍氏曰∶凡用蒜饼灸者。盖蒜味辛温有毒，主散痈疽，假火势以行药力也。有
只用艾柱灸者，此可施于顽疽痼发之类，凡赤肿紫黑，毒甚者，须以蒜艾同灸为妙。
张景岳曰∶痈疽为患，无非血气壅滞，留结不行之所致。凡大结大滞者，最不宜
散，必欲散之，非藉火力不能速也，所以极宜用灸。然又有孙道人神仙熏照方，其
法尤精尤妙。若毒邪稍缓，邪深经远，而气有不达，灸之为良；若毒邪炽盛，其势
猛急而垂危者，则宜用熏照方，更胜于灸也。
冯鲁瞻曰∶疮毒溃后，风寒侵袭作肿痛者，用韭菜杵烂炙热，敷患上，冷则易
之；或捣成饼放患上，艾圆灸之，使热气入内。（《锦囊》）
张仲景曰∶凡人一见背有疮口外现者，不可小视之，急用蒜切片一分浓，贴在疮
口上，用艾火烧之。痛者烧之不痛，不痛者烧之知痛而止，且不可不痛而止也。此
法最妙，世人不识，而我特表而出之，以治发背之初起者。盖一经灸之，则毒虽火
化，以火攻火，又何疑焉？愿世医留意。
《心法》云∶灸乃开结破硬之法，倘有一点白粒如粟米起，四围微肿如钱，盒饭
于米粒上，着艾火十四五壮。三日内灸者，只灸成疮而散；三日外者，其肿渐少，宜
多灸之；或灸火着处，则结热可伸，灸处先溃，则毒势分减，庶免展开，不致下陷，
及坏筋骨，伤气血也。所谓灸至不痛者，谓着皮肉未坏处则痛，火至着毒处则不痛，必
令火气至着毒处方止；所谓灸至痛者，谓初着毒处不痛，至好肉则痛，必令火气至
好肉方止。畏灸者，或用独蒜瓣，或豆豉饼，或椒、姜、盐捣烂，捏作饼子，如当
三钱浓，铺艾灸之，热则易新饼，亦可散也。
程山龄说：凡是发生在头面部的肿毒，不宜使用艾灸，因为恐怕会引动火气向上攻冲，适宜使用神灯照法，其效果神奇无比。将火照散装入纸捻中，用麻油浸透点燃，每次使用三枝神火，距离患处约半寸进行照射，从外向内熏照，使药气透入，皮肤颜色紫暗滞涩的，立刻转为红润鲜活；疮势平塌下陷的，立刻转为高耸突起。仍需不时地照射，则毒邪顿时解除，由阴证转为阳证，从而取得痊愈的效果。而且此法不仅适用于头面部，即使是发背等部位的毒疮，也适宜使用。这是治疗痈疽门疾病的宝贵方法，应当互相参考，以发挥其神奇效用。（出自《十法》）
火照散（即神灯照法，见《医宗金鉴·外科心法要诀》）
朱砂、血竭、没药（各三钱）、麝香（五分）、明雄黄（三钱）
共研为细末，用绵纸条长约一寸许，每条裹药三分，用真麻油浸透点燃，从外向内，环绕疮周照射，疮毒随药气解散，自然不向内侵扰脏腑。初用时用三条，逐渐增加至五到七条，待疮势逐渐平复，又逐渐减少。熏完后随即贴上红升丹，粘贴膏药。如果肿势漫延周围，用药敷之，如再熏，须洗去末药。贴膏药的地方，药油可不必洗。
熏治发背和对口疔的神方（盛旦明著）这两种疮，初起先用丝瓜叶煎水清洗；如果没有，用热水清洗。后用儿茶、血竭、乳香（去油）、没药（去油），各一钱，研匀。卷入草纸内成条，浸在麻油内浸透，点着照疮头熏之。像一点露水那样，其毒自散。如果知觉迟缓，已经肿得厉害，也要熏过，最为有效。
李东垣说：疽适宜灸而不适宜烙，痈适宜烙而不适宜灸。丹瘤肿毒，适宜渍洗，如果肿皮光软，则针刺开放，以泄出其毒邪。治疗疮疡的手法，大概不过如此，但各有适宜的用法。所以《圣惠方》论述说：确认是疽疮，就适宜灸一百到二百壮，如绿豆大小，火灸后感觉似乎疼痛，经过一夜，那是火气下彻，肿内的热气被火引导，随火而出，所以是这样。如果疮痒，适宜隔豆豉饼灸之，这个饼必须以花椒、生姜、盐、葱混合捣烂，捏作饼子，厚度以叠三枚铜钱为准，放在疮头的豆豉饼子上灸之，如果觉得太热就抬起，再安上去，饼子若干，更换新的更好。如果疮痛，就必须急灸，壮数多为好。如果脓已成者，千万不可灸，立即针刺开放，即可痊愈。如果各种疮经久不愈，变成漏疮的，适宜用硫黄灸法灸之。其方法：取一块硫黄，看疮的大小，放在疮口上，另取少许硫黄，放在火上烧，用钗尖挑起，点硫黄令燃烧三五遍，取脓水干涸痊愈为度。如果发背初生，就适宜上饼灸法灸之；初觉背上有疮，疼痒颇异，认是发背，就取净土和水捻作饼子，直径一寸，厚二分贴着疮上，以艾炷灸之，一炷换一个饼子。其疮如粟米大时，可灸七七四十九壮；其疮如铜钱许大，日夜不住灸，以痊愈为度。以上几个方子，都是根据本方，一一亲自验证，所以记载下来。我认为疮科医生从幼到老，凡所经验，必须写下来。曾记得治疗疳疮、恶疮，诸医无效的，取蛴螬剪去两头，安在疮口上，以艾灸之，七壮换一个，不超过一枚，没有不有效的。又一种方法：用乞火婆虫灸之同前法，屡验且神效，人都秘传，往往父子不传。又一种方法：赤皮蒜捣烂捏作饼子，一如豆豉饼子灸法灸之，更好。（出自《十书精义》）
蒋示吉说：凡是疮初起，不论阴阳，都用灸火灸之，这是开门逐贼的方法。（出自《说约》）
又说：试看疮头在何处，好于疮顶施灸法。先以湿纸覆盖疮上，立即观察纸先干处，那就是疮结头处。
又说：初起一二日，灸可立愈；三四日，十愈六七；如果过了七日之关，内脓将成，则不可灸了。
程山龄说：隔蒜艾灸，灸法胜于刀针。书上说：不痛灸至痛，痛灸不痛时。凡是治疗痈疽、疔毒流注，及一切无名肿毒，以大蒜切片安在疮顶上，用陈艾炷安在蒜上，点火灸之。其艾炷大小，看疮毒大小取裁。如果痈疽较大的，以蒜捣饼敷上，必须是不痛的灸到大痛而止，疼痛的，灸到不知痛而后止。如果灸不透，反而能为害。如果内已有脓，则不须灸了。（出自《十法》）
陈实功说：痈疽发背怎么医治，不论阴阳先灸之，不痛灸至痛，痛灸不痛时。（出自《正宗》）
又说：考证方书，凡是头上疮面疔毒、肾俞发，都禁艾火。因为头为诸阳之首，又是纯阳无阴之位，生疮俱是亢阳热极，如果再加以艾火，使毒瓦斯炽盛，随后必然加大肿，最能引动内痰，发作必死。又有面疮为阳毒，肾俞发多因房劳素亏，肾水枯竭，真阴消烁其源，必致内外干涸，多成黑陷，昏闷而死。又有病患元气素虚，肢体倦怠，精神昏愦，疮形平塌，脉来微散空虚，以及素畏艾火者，都不可灸。灸之恐怕生昏晕，且无真气抵挡火力，有损无益，确实是至理名言。
又说：如阴疮数量多的，艾炷不及其事，以蒜捣烂，铺于疮上，再以艾铺在蒜上，点火灸之。必须知道痛甚为效，此为火气方得入里知痛，深处方是好肉，盖艾火拨引郁毒，透通疮窍，使内毒有路而外发，诚为疮科首节第一法也。贵在早灸为佳。
周文采说：初起阴塌不起，便可用艾多灸，或隔蒜灸之，如痛灸至痒，如痒灸至痛，这是最妙的方法。如果疽疮已成，也可用火针烙开疮口，则易治也。（出自《集验》）
又说：痈疽初发小点，一二日间，急以大蒜头横切如钱，放顶上，顿小艾炷灸之，五壮而止。如果形状稍大，以黄棉纸蘸酒全贴肿上，先于干处为筋脚，于先干处灸之，或两处先干，皆灸，但五七壮而止。又一种方法：屈指从四围按之，过痛处是根，就是重按深入，自觉轻快，即此灸之，更于别处灸；如果大肿，即捣蒜为饼，焙干蘸醋灸热，更换频罨，或以熨斗火于蒜饼上熨之，更换热饼频熨。如果觉患处走散，即以绵帛盖覆，勿令气泄，等一会儿敷药。凡痈疽展大如龟之形，且看头向上下，先灸其前两脚，次灸其尾，或者红筋走紧而长，从尽处灸之，须留头并后两脚勿灸。如果尽灸之，不惟火气壅聚，使毒无从解散，又攻入里也。如果辨认不明，以香白芷三分，汉椒、桑白皮各一分，连叶葱白十根，新水煎汤，入酸醋半盏，淋洗少顷，其筋自现，可以辨验头尾。
朱丹溪说：头面患毒，如纯阴平塌顽麻，非艾灸无功，但艾炷宜小，如麦粒样式，以神其用也。
窦汉卿说：凡是灸于患上头聚处，切蒜片如钱厚，放患处置艾壮于上，以火燃之。如果蒜皮枯焦，再换之。待将毕，三五壮着贴肉上灸为佳，最少以二十一壮为期。头顶上五壮七壮为期。艾炷只可如豆大，但面心为阳中之阳，禁灸。其阳证不可灸者何？恐火气内侵，势益昌大，以火济火，故戒之。惟阴证可灸，郁气、湿热、积毒，借火以拔之，然以火济水，自有相生之妙。临灸毕，用口吹火致灭。其火功借气得以入内。其疮易散。设或灸不能即散者，灸迟之故也。虽不能全散，大能解毒，易溃脓，易敛口，功难尽述。惟脏毒、坐马痈，以蚯蚓泥作饼，代蒜片艾灸之，以热为度，易之如前，共十四壮为期。如果附骨疽，痈毒入骨髓，择天气晴朗和暖，尻神不犯吉日，午时灸至申时止，徐问病者骨中热否，如果果骨中热方效。凡灸不拘壮数，忽然爆起者，是病根脱矣，即止之。凡灸须饮食半饱，并饮好酒以通经络，以和气血；再令善笑谈者，以乱其痛，亦妙方也。体虚者禁灸。（出自《经验全书》）
薛立斋说：我考察疮疡之证，有诸内必形诸外，在外者引而拔之，在内者疏而下之，如果毒瓦斯郁结，瘀血凝滞，轻者药可解散，重者药无全功，是以灼艾之功为大。凡灸法，未溃则拔引郁毒，已溃则补接阳气，每治四肢患疮，气血无亏者，灸之皆愈。头乃诸阳之首，及肾俞一穴在于两腰脊旁，并弱甚之人，内无真气抵挡火气，数证禁灸，当慎察之。
王肯堂说：灸，乃从治之意，惟头为诸阳所聚，艾炷宜小而少。如果少阳分野，尤不可灸，灸之多至不救，亦有因灸而死者。盖虚甚孤阳将绝，其脉必浮数而大且鼓，精神必短而昏，无以抵挡火气，宜其危也。
汪省之说：夫疮有脓水恶物，渐渍根深者，用面、硫黄、蒜三物，一处捣烂，看疮大小，捻作饼子，厚三分，安疮上，用艾炷灸二十一壮，一壮一易矣。后四五日，用翠霞锭子入疮内，使歹肉尽去，好肉长平，然后贴收敛之药，内服补接之剂，调理则瘥矣。
《元戎》说：疮疡自外而入者，不宜灸，自内而出者宜灸，外入者托之而不内，内出者接之而令外。所以经云：陷者灸之，灸而不痛，痛而后止其灸。灸而不痛者，先及其溃所以不痛，其灸而痛者，先及其未溃所以痛，而次及将溃，所以不痛也。
《精要》说：脑为诸阳所会，颈项近咽喉，肾俞皆致命之所，都不可灼艾。
刘河间灸刺法谓：凡疮疡须分经络部分，血气多少，穴位远近，从背出者，当从太阳五穴，选用至阴（在足小指外侧，去爪甲角如韭叶大。）通谷（在足小指外侧，本节前陷中。）束骨（在足小指外侧，本节后陷中。）昆仑（在足外踝后跟骨上陷中。）委中（在腘中央、腘纹中动脉。）从鬓出者，当从少阳五穴，选用窍阴（在足小趾次趾端，去爪甲如韭叶。）侠溪（在足小趾次趾歧骨间本节前陷中。）临泣（在足小趾次趾本节后间陷中。）阳辅（在外踝上四寸，辅骨前，绝骨端，如前三分。）阳陵泉（在膝下一寸，外廉陷中。）从髭出者，当从阳明五穴，选用厉兑（在足大趾次趾去爪甲如韭叶。）内庭（在足大趾次趾，外间陷中。）陷谷（在足大趾次趾间，本节后陷中。）冲阳（在足趺上五寸，骨间动脉，去陷骨三寸。）解谿（在冲阳后一寸五分，腕上陷中。）从脑出者，则唯绝骨一穴，（在外踝上三寸，动脉中。）详见《痈疽灸经》。
刘宗浓说：此谓痈疽初发，宜灸之也。然而诸疮患久成漏者，常有脓水不绝，其脓不臭，内无歹肉，尤其适宜用附子浸透，切作大片，厚两三分，于疮上着艾灸之，仍服内托之药，隔二三日再灸之，不五七次，自然肌肉长满矣。至有脓水恶物，渐渍根深者，郭氏治用白面、硫黄、大蒜三物，一处捣烂，看疮大小，捻作饼子，厚约三分，于疮上用艾炷灸二十一粒，一灸一易。后隔四五日，方用翠霞锭子并信效锭子，互换用之。插入疮内，歹肉尽去，好肉长平，然后贴收敛之药，内服应病之剂调理，即瘥矣。盖不止宜灸于疮之始发也。大抵始发宜灸，要汗下补养之药对证，至灸冷疮，亦须内托之药切当，设反逆不唯不愈，恐致转生他病之患也。
经曰：肉之大会为谷，肉之小会为溪。肉分之间，溪谷之会，以行营卫，以会大气。邪溢气壅，脉热肉败，营卫不行，必将为脓。内锁骨髓，外破大络，留于节腠，必将为败。积寒留舍，营卫不养，肉缩筋挛肘不得伸，内为骨痹，外为不仁，命曰大寒，留于溪谷也。此用附子灸者，盖此义也。（出自《灸漏疮论》）
李氏说：治疽之法，灼艾之功胜于用药，盖使毒瓦斯外泄，譬诸盗入人家，当开门逐之，不然则入室为害矣。凡疮初发一二日，须用大颗独蒜，切片三分厚，贴疽顶，以艾隔蒜灸之，每三壮一易蒜，疮溃则贴神异膏，如此则疮不开，大肉不坏，疮口易敛，一举三得。此法之妙，人所罕知。如果头顶见疽，则不可用此法。（出自《五府极观碑》载）
伍氏说：凡用蒜饼灸者。盖蒜味辛温有毒，主散痈疽，假火势以行药力也。有只用艾柱灸者，此可施于顽疽痼发之类，凡赤肿紫黑，毒甚者，须以蒜艾同灸为妙。
张景岳说：痈疽为患，无非血气壅滞，留结不行之所致。凡大结大滞者，最不宜散，必欲散之，非藉火力不能速也，所以极宜用灸。然而又有孙道人神仙熏照方，其法尤精尤妙。如果毒邪稍缓，邪深经远，而气有不达，灸之为良；如果毒邪炽盛，其势猛急而垂危者，则宜用熏照方，更胜于灸也。
冯鲁瞻说：疮毒溃后，风寒侵袭作肿痛者，用韭菜杵烂炙热，敷患上，冷则易之；或捣成饼放患上，艾圆灸之，使热气入内。（出自《锦囊》）
张仲景说：凡人一见背有疮口外现者，不可小视之，急用蒜切片一分厚，贴在疮口上，用艾火烧之。痛者烧之不痛，不痛者烧之知痛而止，且不可不痛而止也。此法最妙，世人不识，而我特表而出之，以治发背之初起者。盖一经灸之，则毒虽火化，以火攻火，又何疑焉？愿世医留意。
《心法》说：灸乃开结破硬之法，倘有一点白粒如粟米起，四围微肿如钱，盒饭于米粒上，着艾火十四五壮。三日内灸者，只灸成疮而散；三日外者，其肿渐少，宜多灸之；或者灸火着处，则结热可伸，灸处先溃，则毒势分减，庶免展开，不致下陷，及坏筋骨，伤气血也。所谓灸至不痛者，谓着皮肉未坏处则痛，火至着毒处则不痛，必令火气至着毒处方止；所谓灸至痛者，谓初着毒处不痛，至好肉则痛，必令火气至好肉方止。畏灸者，或用独蒜瓣，或豆豉饼，或椒、姜、盐捣烂，捏作饼子，如当三钱厚，铺艾灸之，热则易新饼，亦可散也。
Cheng Shanling stated: For swellings occurring above the head and face, moxibustion is not suitable, as it may draw fire qi upward to attack. It is advisable to use the Divine Lamp Illumination Method (Shen Deng Zhao Fa), which is miraculous in its efficacy. The Huo Zhao San (Fire Illumination Powder) is placed into paper twists, soaked in sesame oil, and ignited. Three branches of divine fire are used per application, held approximately half an inch away from the lesion to illuminate it from the outside inward, allowing the medicinal qi to penetrate. Purple and stagnant skin color will immediately turn red and vibrant; flat and collapsed sores will immediately rise high. Continuous illumination is required to resolve the toxin instantly, transforming yin conditions into yang conditions to achieve complete recovery. This method is not only applicable to the head and face but also suitable for toxins such as those on the back (Fa Bei). It is a precious raft for treating carbuncles and ulcers and should be referenced mutually to enhance its utility. (From *Shi Fa*)
Huo Zhao San (i.e., Divine Lamp Illumination Method, see *Zheng Zong*):
Cinnabar (Zhu Sha), Dragon's Blood (Xue Jie), Myrrh (Mo Yao) (each 3 qian), Musk (She Xiang) (0.5 fen), Realgar (Ming Xiong) (3 qian).
Grind all into fine powder. Wrap 3 fen of the powder in each cotton paper strip about one cun long. Soak in pure sesame oil and ignite. Illuminate around the sore from outside to inside. The sore toxin will disperse with the medicinal qi and will not invade the internal organs initially. Start with three strips, gradually increase to five or seven strips. As the sore condition flattens, gradually reduce the number. After fumigation, apply Hong Sheng Dan (Red Sublimate) and paste a plaster. If the swelling spreads around, apply medicine externally; if fumigating again, wash off the powder first. The medicinal oil at the plaster site need not be washed.
Divine Formula for Fumigating Fa Bei and Dui Kou Sores (by Sheng Danming): For these two types of sores, initially wash with water decocted from loofah leaves; if unavailable, use hot water. Then, mix Child's Tea (Er Cha), Dragon's Blood (Xue Jie), Frankincense (Ru Xiang, de-oiled), and Myrrh (Mo Yao, de-oiled), one qian each, and grind evenly. Roll into strips within grass paper, soak thoroughly in sesame oil, ignite, and illuminate/fumigate the sore head. Like a drop of dew, the toxin will dissipate. If perception is delayed and swelling is severe, fumigation is still necessary and most effective.
Li Dongyuan stated: Carbuncles (Ju) are suitable for moxibustion but not cauterization; boils (Yong) are suitable for cauterization but not moxibustion. Dan liu (erysipelas-like swelling) and toxic swellings are suitable for soaking. If the swollen skin is smooth and soft, puncture it to drain the toxin. Surgical techniques for sores rarely exceed this, but each has its appropriate use. Thus, *Sheng Hui Fang* states: Once confirmed as a Ju sore, moxibustion of 100-200 moxa cones (zhuang), sized like mung beans, is appropriate. After moxibustion, pain may be felt; after one night, this indicates the fire qi has penetrated downward, guiding the heat from the swelling out through the fire. If the sore itches, moxibustion via a fermented soybean cake (Chi Bing) is suitable. The cake must be made by pounding together pepper, ginger, salt, and scallions, shaped into a cake about three coins thick, placed over the sore head for moxibustion. Lift if too hot, replace, and use fresh cakes. If the sore hurts, urgent moxibustion with many zhuang is excellent. If pus has formed, absolutely do not moxibustion; puncture immediately for cure. If various sores become chronic fistulas (Lou), sulfur moxibustion is suitable. Method: Place a piece of sulfur on the sore according to size. Burn a small amount of sulfur on fire, pick up with a hairpin tip, and ignite the sulfur on the sore 3-5 times until pus dries and heals. For early Fa Bei, use the cake moxibustion method. Upon feeling a sore on the back with unusual pain/itch, identify as Fa Bei, make a cake from clean soil and water (1 cun diameter, 0.2 cun thick), place on the sore, and moxibustion with one cone per cake change. For millet-sized sores, moxibustion 49 zhuang; for coin-sized sores, moxibustion day and night until healed. These formulas are personally verified and recorded. I believe surgeons should record all experiences from youth to old age. I recall treating Gan sores and malignant ulcers where other doctors failed: take termites (Qi Cao), cut off both ends, place on the sore, moxibustion, changing every 7 zhuang, using no more than one termite, always effective. Another method: use "Qihuo Po" insects for moxibustion similarly, highly effective but kept secret. Another method: pound red-skinned garlic into a cake, moxibustion like the fermented soybean cake method, even better. (From *Shi Shu Jing Yi*)
Jiang Shiji stated: For any sore at the onset, regardless of yin or yang, moxibustion opens the door to chase away the thief. (From *Shuo Yue*)
Also stated: Test where the sore head is by applying wet paper over the sore; the first dry spot indicates the sore head.
Also stated: Moxibustion in the first 1-2 days can cure immediately; in 3-4 days, 60-70% heal; if past the 7-day threshold when internal pus forms, moxibustion is contraindicated.
Cheng Shanling stated: Garlic-interposed moxibustion surpasses knife and needle methods. Books say: Moxibustion until pain if painless; stop moxibustion when pain occurs. For treating Yong, Ju, Ding toxins, flowing deposits, and all unnamed swellings, place sliced garlic on the sore top, put aged moxa cones on the garlic, and ignite. Cone size depends on the sore. For large Yong/Ju, use pounded garlic cake; moxibustion until pain if initially painless, or until numbness if initially painful. Incomplete penetration causes harm. If internal pus exists, moxibustion is unnecessary. (From *Shi Fa*)
Chen Shigong stated: How to treat Yong, Ju, and Fa Bei? Moxibustion first, regardless of yin or yang. Moxibustion until pain if painless; stop when pain ceases. (From *Zheng Zong*)
Also stated: Medical texts prohibit moxibustion for head sores, Ding toxins, and Shen Shu Fa. The head is the summit of all Yang meridians, a position of pure Yang without Yin. Sores here are due to extreme hyperactive Yang heat. Adding moxa fire intensifies the toxin, causing massive swelling, stirring internal phlegm, leading to death. Facial sores are Yang toxins; Shen Shu Fa often results from sexual exhaustion, kidney water depletion, and true Yin consumption, leading to dryness, black depression, coma, and death. Patients with deficient Yuan Qi, fatigue, confusion, flat sores, weak/scattered pulses, or fear of moxa should not undergo moxibustion, as it may cause fainting and lacks true Qi to resist the fire, causing harm. This is sound advice.
Also stated: For numerous Yin sores, use pounded garlic spread on sores, cover with moxa, and ignite. Pain indicates efficacy as fire qi enters deeply. Moxa draws out depressed toxins, penetrates pores, providing an exit for internal toxins. This is the primary method in surgery, best applied early.
Chen Wenzhi stated: Ding toxins cannot be reached quickly by medicine alone; only moxa fire resolves them, with very rapid efficacy.
Zhou Wencai stated: For initial Yin collapse, frequent moxibustion or garlic-interposed moxibustion is suitable. Moxibustion until itch if painful, or until pain if itchy, is the best method. For established Ju sores, fire needles can open the sore for easier treatment. (From *Ji Yan*)
Also stated: For small initial Yong/Ju points, within 1-2 days, slice garlic like a coin, place on top, moxibustion with small cones, stopping at 5 zhuang. For slightly larger shapes, stick yellow cotton paper soaked in wine over the swelling, identify dry lines as roots, moxibustion there, stopping at 5-7 zhuang. Another method: press around to find the root (painful/deep pressure relief); moxibustion there and elsewhere. For large swelling, bake garlic cake with vinegar, apply hot, replace frequently, or iron over it. If spreading, cover with silk to retain heat, then apply medicine. For Yong/Ju expanding like a turtle, moxibustion front legs, then tail. If red veins are tight/long, moxibustion the end, leaving head and rear legs un-moxed. Complete moxibustion traps fire and drives toxin inward. If identification is unclear, decoct Angelica dahurica (Bai Zhi), Sichuan pepper (Han Jiao), Mulberry bark (Sang Bai Pi), and scallion whites with new water and vinegar to wash, revealing veins for head/tail identification.
Zhu Danxi stated: Head/face toxins that are pure Yin, flat, and numb require moxibustion, but cones should be small, like wheat grains, to enhance efficacy.
Dou Hanqing stated: For clustered sores, place coin-thick garlic slices, put moxa cones on top, and ignite. Replace when garlic chars. Best to have 3-5 zhuang touching the skin, minimum 21 zhuang. On the crown, 5-7 zhuang suffice. Cones should be bean-sized. Face center is Yang among Yang, prohibited for moxibustion. Why forbid Yang conditions? Fear of internal fire invasion increasing severity. Only Yin conditions are suitable; moxa extracts depressed Qi, damp-heat, and accumulated toxins. Fire assisting water has generative benefits. Extinguish fire by blowing. Fire power enters via Qi, dispersing sores easily. Delayed moxibustion prevents immediate dispersion but aids detoxification, suppuration, and healing. For Zang Du and Zu Ma Yong, use earthworm mud cakes instead of garlic, moxibustion to heat, 14 zhuang total. For Gu Gu Ju (bone-deep abscess), choose sunny/warm days, avoid unlucky days, moxibustion from Wu hour to Shen hour, ask patient if bone feels hot for efficacy. Stop if sudden bursting occurs (root expelled). Eat half-full, drink good wine to unblock meridians, have someone chat to distract from pain. Deficient constitution prohibits moxibustion. (From *Jing Quan*)
Xue Lizhai stated: Internal pathology manifests externally; pull outwards, drain inwards. If toxin stagnates and blood congeals, mild cases resolve with medicine, severe cases require moxibustion. Unbroken sores: draw out depressed toxins; broken sores: replenish Yang Qi. Limb sores with sufficient Qi/Blood heal with moxibustion. Head is Yang summit, Shen Shu is near waist/spine, and weak patients lack Qi to resist fire; these are prohibited for moxibustion. Exercise caution.
Wang Kentang stated: Moxibustion follows the principle of treating opposites. Head gathers all Yang, so cones should be small/few. Shaoyang regions especially prohibit moxibustion; excessive use can be fatal. Extreme deficiency with isolated Yang nearing extinction presents with floating/rapid/large/pulsing pulse and mental confusion, unable to resist fire, hence dangerous.
Wang Shengzhi stated: For sores with deep-rooted pus/toxins, mix flour, sulfur, and garlic into a cake (0.3 cun thick), place on sore, moxibustion 21 zhuang, changing each time. After 4-5 days, insert Cui Xia Ding Zi to remove necrotic tissue, promote healthy granulation, apply astringents, and take tonics for recovery.
*Yuan Rong* stated: Exogenous sores are not suitable for moxibustion; endogenous sores are. Exogenous: support to prevent inward invasion; endogenous: guide outward. Classics state: Depressed lesions require moxibustion. Stop when pain occurs during painless moxibustion. Painless moxibustion targets pre-ulceration; painful moxibustion targets post-ulceration/pre-ulceration transition.
*Jing Yao* stated: Brain is gathering of all Yang; neck/throat and Shen Shu are vital areas; all prohibit moxibustion.
Liu Hejian's Moxibustion/Acupuncture Method: Classify sores by meridian, Qi/Blood volume, and point distance. Back eruptions: use Taiyang 5 points (Zhiyin, Tonggu, Shugu, Kunlun, Weizhong). Temple eruptions: use Shaoyang 5 points (Tonggu, Xiaxi, Linqi, Yangfu, Yanglingquan). Beard area eruptions: use Yangming 5 points (Lidui, Neiting, Xangu, Chongyang, Xiangu). Brain eruptions: use Jiegu point only. See *Yong Ju Jiu Jing*.
Liu Zongnong stated: Early Yong/Ju requires moxibustion. Chronic fistulas with non-foul pus and no necrotic tissue benefit from Aconite (Fu Zi) moxibustion (soaked, sliced thickly, moxibustion, with internal support herbs, repeated every 2-3 days for 5-7 times until flesh fills). For deep-rooted foul pus, Guo Shi's method uses flour, sulfur, garlic cake (0.3 cun thick), moxibustion 21 zhuang, changing each. After 4-5 days, use Cui Xia Ding Zi and Xin Xiao Ding Zi alternately to remove necrosis, promote healing, apply astringents, and take specific tonics. Moxibustion is not just for onset; early stage requires matching diaphoretic/purgative/tonic herbs. Cold sores require proper internal support; reversal leads to complications.
Classics state: Muscle gatherings are valleys/streams, conducting Ying/Wei and gathering Great Qi. Pathogen overflow causes heat, tissue failure, pus formation, marrow locking, collateral rupture, and joint damage. Cold accumulation causes muscle retraction, tendon contraction, bone Bi, and numbness. Aconite moxibustion addresses this mechanism. (From *Jiu Lou Chuang Lun*)
Li Shi stated: Moxibustion for Ju surpasses medicine, venting toxins like opening doors to chase thieves. Early sores (1-2 days): use large single-clove garlic slices (0.3 cun thick) on sore top, garlic-interposed moxibustion, changing garlic every 3 zhuang. After ulceration, apply Shen Yi Gao. Prevents tissue destruction, promotes healing. Triple benefit. Unknown to many. Prohibited on the crown. (From *Wu Fu Ji Guan Bei*)
Wu Shi stated: Garlic cake moxibustion uses garlic's pungent/warm toxicity to disperse Yong/Ju via fire power. Pure moxa is for stubborn/chronic sores. Red/swollen/purple/black severe toxins require garlic+moxa combination.
Zhang Jingyue stated: Yong/Ju results from Qi/Blood stagnation. Large stagnations resist dispersal; fire is needed for speed, hence moxibustion. However, Sun Dao Ren's Immortal Fumigation Formula is superior for slow/deep toxins with blocked Qi. For intense/critical toxins, fumigation beats moxibustion.
Feng Luzhan stated: Post-ulcer cold wind invasion causing swelling/pain: pound chives, heat, apply; or make cake, moxibustion with moxa rounds to enter heat. (From *Jin Nang*)
Zhang Zhongjing stated: Back sores appearing externally must not be ignored. Immediately apply garlic slice (0.1 cun thick) to sore, burn with moxa. Stop burning if pain becomes painless, or if painless becomes painful. Do not stop if still painless. Excellent method for early Fa Bei. Fire transforms toxin; attacking fire with fire is justified. Physicians should note this.
*Xin Fa* stated: Moxibustion breaks knots/hardness. For millet-sized white grain with surrounding coin-sized swelling, place moxa on grain, 14-15 zhuang. Within 3 days: moxa forms sore and disperses. After 3 days: swelling reduces, moxibustion more. Moxa site ulcerates first, reducing toxin spread, preventing sinking and bone/Qi/Blood damage. "Stop when painless": pain at healthy skin, no pain at toxin; stop when fire reaches toxin. "Stop when painful": no pain at toxin, pain at healthy skin; stop when fire reaches healthy skin. Those fearing moxa can use single garlic clove, fermented soybean cake, or pepper/ginger/salt cake (3 coins thick), moxibustion, replacing when hot, also effective.