《阴阳离合篇》曰∶东方青色，入通于肝，开窍于目，藏精于肝。南方赤色，入
通于心，开窍于耳，藏精于心。中央黄色，入通于脾，开窍于口，藏精于脾。西方白
色，入通于肺，开窍于鼻，藏精于肺。北
方黑色，入通于肾，开窍于二阴，藏精于肾。天覆地载，万物方生，未出地者，命
曰阴处，名曰阴中之阴；（处阴之中，故曰阴处，形未动出，亦是为阴，以阴居阴，故曰阴中之阴。）则出
地者，命曰阴中之阳。（形动出者，是则为阳，以阳居阴，故曰阴中之阳。）阳予之正，阴为之主。（阳
施正气，万物方生，阴为主持，群形乃立。）故生因春，长因夏，收因秋，藏因冬，失常则天地四
塞。（失其常道，则四时之气闭塞，阴阳之气无所营运矣。）
《阴阳别论》曰∶脉有阴阳，知阳者知阴，知阴者知阳。（深知谓备识其变易。）凡阳有五，
五五二十五阳。（凡阳经有五，正以一腑之中，包藏五腑之脉，故五五有二十五阳，由此推之，则一脏之中，
包藏五脏之脉，亦五五有二十五阴。）所谓阴者，真脏也，见则为败，则必死也。（所谓阴者，五脏
之真脉也，真脏来现，其脏已败，败者必至于死也，故曰∶真脏脉见者死。）所谓阳者，胃院之阳也。（胃
脘之阳，谓人迎之气也，察其气脉动静大小，与脉口应否也。人迎在结喉两旁，脉动应手，其脉之动，常左小
而右大，左小常以候脏，右大常以候腑，盖胃为五脏六腑之大主，虽有五五二十五阳之异，而实不外乎胃脉之
见耳。若吉者，为有胃气也，若至于凶，则无胃气者也。）别于阳者，知病处也；别于阴者，知死生
之期。（阳者卫外而为固，然外邪所中，别于阳则知病处，阴者藏神而内守，若考真正成败，别于阴则知病者
死生之期。）三阳在头，三阴在手，所谓一也。（头，谓人迎。手，谓气口。两者相应，俱往俱来，若引
绳小大齐等者，名曰平人，故云所谓一也。气口在手鱼际之后一寸，人迎在结喉两旁一寸五分，皆可以候脏腑
之气。）所谓阴阳者，去者为阴，至者为阳；静者为阴，动者为阳；迟者为阴，数者为阳。
（此言脉体分阴阳，脉有去来，即去至而阴阳分；脉有动静，即动静而阴阳分；脉有迟数，即迟数而阴阳分。）所
谓生阳死阴者，肝之心谓之生阳，（得阳则生，失阳则死，故曰生阳死阴也。自肝传心，以木生火，得
之生气，是谓生阳，不过四日而愈。）心之肺谓之死阴，（心传肺者，为火克金，故谓死阴，不过三日死。）肺
之肾谓之重阴，（肺金肾水，虽曰子母相传，而金水俱病，则重阴而阳绝矣。）肾之脾谓之辟阴，死不
治。（土本制水，而水反侮脾，是谓辟阴，辟阴者放僻也。）
《阴阳离合篇》说：东方对应青色，气机内通于肝，外开窍于目，精气藏于肝。南方对应赤色，气机内通于心，外开窍于耳，精气藏于心。中央对应黄色，气机内通于脾，外开窍于口，精气藏于脾。西方对应白色，气机内通于肺，外开窍于鼻，精气藏于肺。北方对应黑色，气机内通于肾，外开窍于前后二阴，精气藏于肾。天覆盖在上，地承载在下，万物开始生长。尚未破土而出的，称为“阴处”，名为“阴中之阴”；（处于阴位之中，所以叫阴处，形体未动而出，也是阴，以阴居阴位，所以叫阴中之阴。）已经破土而出的，称为“阴中之阳”。（形体动作而出，这就属于阳，以阳居于阴位，所以叫阴中之阳。）阳气给予其正气，阴气作为其主宰。（阳气施予正气，万物才开始生长，阴气主持维持，各种形体才得以确立。）所以生命因春季而始生，因夏季而成长，因秋季而收敛，因冬季而闭藏，如果违背了这种常道，天地四时的气机就会闭塞不通。（失去了正常的规律，那么四季的气候就会闭塞，阴阳之气就无法正常运行了。）
《阴阳别论》说：脉象有阴有阳，懂得阳就能懂得阴，懂得阴就能懂得阳。（深刻地理解意味着全面识别其变化。）凡是阳经有五种，五五相乘就是二十五种阳脉。（所有的阳经有五条，正因为每一腑中，包藏着其他四腑的脉象，所以五五相乘有二十五种阳脉，由此类推，那么每一脏中，也包藏着其他四脏的脉象，同样是五五相乘有二十五种阴脉。）所谓的“阴”，指的是真脏脉，出现真脏脉就说明脏腑败坏，必然导致死亡。（所谓的阴，是指五脏的真脉，真脏脉显现，说明该脏已经败坏，败坏必然导致死亡，所以说：见到真脏脉的就会死。）所谓的“阳”，指的是胃脘之阳。（胃脘之阳，是指人迎穴处的脉气，观察其气脉的动静大小，是否与寸口脉相应。人迎穴在结喉两旁，脉搏跳动应手，其脉动通常左侧小而右侧大，左侧小通常用来候察脏气，右侧大通常用来候察腑气，大概因为胃是五脏六腑的大主，虽然有五五二十五种阳脉的差异，但实际上都不外乎胃脉的表现罢了。如果是吉兆，就是有胃气；如果是凶兆，就是没有胃气。）辨别阳脉，可以知道病变的部位；辨别阴脉，可以知道死亡的期限。（阳脉护卫体表而固密，然而外邪侵袭时，通过辨别阳脉就可以知道病在哪里；阴脉藏神而内守，如果要考察真正的成败，通过辨别阴脉就可以知道病人死生的期限。）三阳经的气血汇聚于头部，三阴经的气血汇聚于手部，这就是所说的统一。（头，指人迎穴。手，指气口穴。两者相互呼应，一起往来，如果像拉紧的绳子一样大小整齐相等，就称为平人，所以说这是统一的。气口穴在手鱼际后一寸，人迎穴在结喉两旁一寸五分，都可以用来候察脏腑之气。）所谓阴阳，离去的是阴，到来的是阳；静止的是阴，运动的是阳；迟缓的是阴，急促的是阳。（这里说的是脉体区分阴阳，脉有去来，根据去来区分阴阳；脉有动静，根据动静区分阴阳；脉有迟数，根据迟数区分阴阳。）所谓生阳和死阴，肝病传心称为生阳，（得到阳气则生，失去阳气则死，所以叫生阳死阴。从肝传到心，是以木生火，得到生气，这叫生阳，不超过四天就会痊愈。）心病传肺称为死阴，（心传给肺，是火克金，所以叫死阴，不超过三天就会死。）肺病传肾称为重阴，（肺金肾水，虽然说是子母相传，但如果金水两脏都生病，就是重阴而阳气断绝了。）肾病传脾称为辟阴，（脾土本应克制肾水，但肾水反而侮犯脾土，这叫辟阴，辟阴的意思是放纵乖僻。）这种病无法治愈，必死无疑。
The *Yin Yang Li He Pian* (Chapter on Yin-Yang Separation and Union) states: The East corresponds to the Azure color, its qi connects internally with the Liver (Gan, 肝), opens externally through the Eyes (Mu, 目), and stores essence in the Liver. The South corresponds to the Red color, its qi connects internally with the Heart (Xin, 心), opens externally through the Ears (Er, 耳), and stores essence in the Heart. The Center corresponds to the Yellow color, its qi connects internally with the Spleen (Pi, 脾), opens externally through the Mouth (Kou, 口), and stores essence in the Spleen. The West corresponds to the White color, its qi connects internally with the Lung (Fei, 肺), opens externally through the Nose (Bi, 鼻), and stores essence in the Lung. The North corresponds to the Black color, its qi connects internally with the Kidney (Shen, 肾), opens externally through the two yin orifices (the urethra and anus), and stores essence in the Kidney. Heaven covers from above, Earth supports from below, and all things begin to grow. Those that have not yet emerged from the earth are called "Yin places" (Yin Chu, 阴处), named "Yin within Yin" (Yin Zhong Zhi Yin, 阴中之阴); [Being situated within the Yin position, it is called a Yin place; since the form has not moved out, it is still Yin, and because Yin resides in Yin, it is called Yin within Yin.] Those that have emerged from the earth are called "Yang within Yin" (Yin Zhong Zhi Yang, 阴中之阳). [Since the form moves out, this constitutes Yang, and because Yang resides in the Yin position, it is called Yang within Yin.] Yang provides the correct energy, while Yin serves as the master. [Yang imparts righteous qi, allowing all things to begin to grow; Yin acts as the holder, enabling various forms to stand.] Thus, life arises due to Spring, grows due to Summer, harvests due to Autumn, and stores due to Winter. If these norms are violated, the Qi of Heaven, Earth, and the Four Seasons will become blocked. [Losing their normal course, the Qi of the four seasons becomes obstructed, and the Qi of Yin and Yang cannot circulate normally.]
The *Yin Yang Bie Lun* (Chapter on Differentiating Yin and Yang) states: Pulse manifestations have Yin and Yang; knowing Yang allows one to know Yin, and knowing Yin allows one to know Yang. [Deep understanding implies comprehensive recognition of their transformations.] Generally, there are five types of Yang meridians, and five times five equals twenty-five Yang pulses. [There are five Yang meridians; precisely, within each Fu organ, the pulses of the other four Fu organs are contained, hence five times five yields twenty-five Yang pulses. By analogy, within each Zang organ, the pulses of the other four Zang organs are also contained, yielding twenty-five Yin pulses.] What is referred to as "Yin" is the True Zang Pulse (Zhen Zang Mai, 真脏脉); if seen, it indicates failure and certain death. [What is called Yin refers to the true pulses of the five Zang organs. When the true Zang pulse appears, the organ has failed; failure inevitably leads to death, hence it is said: seeing the true Zang pulse means death.] What is referred to as "Yang" is the Yang of the Stomach House (Wei Yuan Zhi Yang, 胃院之阳). [The Yang of the Stomach House refers to the Qi at the Renying (ST9) acupoint. Observing the movement, size, and whether it corresponds to the Cun Kou (Radial) pulse. Renying is located on both sides of the Adam's apple, where the pulse beats palpably. Its movement is usually smaller on the left and larger on the right; the smaller left pulse typically observes Zang Qi, and the larger right pulse typically observes Fu Qi. Since the Stomach is the great master of the five Zang and six Fu organs, despite the differences among the twenty-five Yang pulses, they essentially do not go beyond the manifestation of the Stomach pulse. If auspicious, it indicates the presence of Stomach Qi; if ominous, it indicates the absence of Stomach Qi.] Differentiating Yang allows one to know the location of the disease; differentiating Yin allows one to know the time of death. [Yang protects the exterior and maintains solidity; however, when external pathogens strike, differentiating Yang reveals the disease site. Yin stores Shen (Spirit) and guards inwardly; to examine true success or failure, differentiating Yin reveals the patient's prognosis of life or death.] The Qi of the three Yang meridians gathers at the head, and the Qi of the three Yin meridians gathers at the hands; this is what is meant by unity. [Head refers to Renying. Hand refers to Qikou (Cunkou). These two correspond to each other, coming and going together; if they are equal in size like a taut rope, it is called a healthy person, hence it is said to be unified. Qikou is one cun behind the thenar eminence; Renying is one inch five fen on both sides of the Adam's apple; both can be used to observe Zang-Fu Qi.] What is called Yin and Yang: departing is Yin, arriving is Yang; stillness is Yin, motion is Yang; slow is Yin, rapid is Yang. [This discusses dividing Yin and Yang based on pulse characteristics. Pulses have departure and arrival, dividing Yin and Yang accordingly; pulses have stillness and motion, dividing Yin and Yang accordingly; pulses have slowness and rapidity, dividing Yin and Yang accordingly.] Regarding Sheng Yang (Vital Yang) and Si Yin (Dead Yin): Liver transmitting to Heart is called Sheng Yang, [Receiving Yang leads to life, losing Yang leads to death, hence called Sheng Yang and Si Yin. Transmission from Liver to Heart follows Wood generating Fire, receiving vital Qi, thus called Sheng Yang; recovery occurs within four days.] Heart transmitting to Lung is called Si Yin, [Transmission from Heart to Lung involves Fire overcoming Metal, thus called Si Yin; death occurs within three days.] Lung transmitting to Kidney is called Chong Yin (Double Yin), [Lung Metal and Kidney Water, although transmitted as mother and son, if both Metal and Water are diseased, it results in Double Yin and the extinction of Yang.] Kidney transmitting to Spleen is called Pi Yin (Deviant Yin), which is incurable and fatal. [Earth naturally controls Water, but Water counter-attacks Spleen, this is called Pi Yin. Pi Yin means deviance or perversity.]