夫面部之上,人中之中为龙泉,人中之旁为虎须,面中高骨为颧骨,俱系阳明络脉经行
之地。此三处生疔,俱有轻有重,医者但分轻重治之,不必分彼此之异也。其轻者,多因风
热而结,初起迹如蚊咬,而根盘已经坚肿,恶寒身热,次日头破如一粒椒。外用围药敷之,
顶用白雪丹,以万应膏盖之;间日揭开,顶如僵腐状,以升膏盖之;再间一日揭膏,其坚腐
自落,脓随而出,药用羚羊、地丁、银花、丹皮、知母、连翘、黄连、山栀等类;如火盛热
甚,即用犀角地黄汤,或黄连解毒汤;若不透,即以制蚕、角刺透之;脓泄肿消,总以七日
为期,后即脓尽收口。
其重者,或因于七情内伤,或因于膏粱浓味,醇酒炙 ,五脏蕴
热,邪毒结聚而发。经曰∶膏梁浓味发疔疽。此之谓也。初起形如粟粒,或如水泡,按之根
深,如钉着骨,痛不可忍,根盘漫肿不透,面目浮肿,或坚肿 红,恶寒身烙热,恶心呕吐
,肢体拘急;三四日后,或口噤如痉,神识模糊,此以火毒陷入心包,即名走黄疔,十有九
死之证。宜服紫雪丹或至宝丹,及犀角地黄汤;外药亦如前法。又古方有夺命丹,可用一粒
入疮头,以膏药盖之。若不省人事,或牙关紧急,以夺命丹为末,葱酒调灌亦可。若有红丝
,急宜用针于血丝尽处挑破,使出恶血,以泄其毒,或有生者。又有余毒走络,而遍体发流
注者,治与阳证流注同。
面部上方,人中穴正中称为龙泉,人中穴两侧称为虎须,面部高处的骨骼称为颧骨,这些部位都是阳明经络脉循行经过的地方。在这三个部位生疔疮,病情都有轻重之分,医生只需根据病情的轻重进行治疗,不必区分它们之间的差异。
病情较轻的,多因风热邪气凝结所致,初起时痕迹像蚊子叮咬,但根部周围已经坚硬肿胀,伴有恶寒、身体发热,第二天疮顶破溃如一粒花椒大小。外用围药敷贴,疮顶使用白雪丹,上面覆盖万应膏;每隔一天揭开一次,若疮顶呈现僵死腐坏状,则改用升膏覆盖;再隔一天揭去膏药,坚硬的腐肉自然脱落,脓液随之流出,内服药物选用羚羊角、地丁草、金银花、牡丹皮、知母、连翘、黄连、山栀等类药物;如果火热炽盛、热势严重,就立即使用犀角地黄汤(清营凉血解毒方剂),或者黄连解毒汤(清热燥湿泻火方剂);如果脓毒不能透发,就用制蚕或角刺将其穿透;待脓液排出、肿胀消退,总以七天为期限,之后脓液收尽,疮口愈合。
病情较重的,可能是因为七情(喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊)内伤,也可能是因为食用肥甘厚味、烈酒炙烤食物,导致五脏蕴积热毒,邪毒结聚而发作。医经说:“膏粱浓味发疔疽”,说的就是这种情况。初起时形状像粟米粒,或者像水泡,按压时感觉根部很深,像钉子钉在骨头上一样,疼痛难以忍受,根部周围弥漫性肿胀且不透发,面目浮肿,或者坚硬红肿,恶寒、身体灼热,恶心呕吐,肢体拘挛紧急;三四天后,可能出现牙关紧闭如痉病状,神志模糊,这是因为火毒陷入心包络,这就叫做“走黄疔”(疔疮毒邪内陷心包的危重证候),是十有九死的危重证候。适宜服用紫雪丹(清热开窍方剂)或至宝丹(化浊开窍方剂),以及犀角地黄汤;外治方法也同前法。另外古方中有夺命丹,可以用一粒放入疮头,用膏药覆盖。如果不省人事,或者牙关紧急,将夺命丹研成粉末,用葱白和酒调匀灌服也可以。如果有红丝(红线)出现,应立即用针在红丝尽头处挑破,放出恶血,以泄出毒邪,或许还有生机。另外还有余毒流窜经络,导致全身发生流注(深部脓肿)的情况,治疗与阳证流注相同。
On the upper face, the center of the philtrum (Ren Zhong) is called Longquan (Dragon Spring), the sides of the philtrum are called Huxu (Tiger's Whiskers), and the high bone on the face is called Quangu (Zygomatic Bone). These areas are all locations where the Yangming meridians and collaterals circulate. Carbuncles (Ding, 疔) arising in these three places vary in severity; physicians should treat them based on their light or heavy nature, without needing to distinguish between their specific differences.
The milder cases often result from the confluence of Wind-Heat pathogens. Initially, the lesion resembles a mosquito bite, but the base and surrounding area are already hard and swollen, accompanied by aversion to cold and fever. By the next day, the apex breaks open like a peppercorn. Externally, a perimeter paste (Wei Yao) is applied. The apex is treated with Baixue Dan (Snow White Pill), covered with Wanying Gao (Ten Thousand Responses Plaster). Every other day, the plaster is removed; if the apex appears stiff and necrotic, Sheng Gao (Ascension Paste) is applied. After another interval, removing the paste allows the hard necrotic tissue to fall off naturally, followed by the discharge of pus. Internal medication includes Antelope Horn (Lingyang Jiao), Dandelion Root (Dideng Cao), Honeysuckle Flower (Yinhua), Moutan Cortex (Danpi), Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu), Forsythia Fruit (Lianqiao), Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian), and Gardenia Fruit (Shanzhi). If fire heat is excessive and severe, Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction) or Huanglian Jiedu Tang (Coptis Detoxification Decoction) should be used immediately. If the toxin does not penetrate, processed silkworms or horn thorns are used to pierce it. Once pus is discharged and swelling subsides, the course is generally seven days, after which the pus is absorbed and the wound closes.
The severe cases may arise from internal injury due to the Seven Emotions (Qi Qing), or from consuming rich, greasy foods, strong wine, and roasted meats, leading to the accumulation of heat toxins in the Five Zang organs, causing pathogenic toxins to cluster and erupt. The Classics state: "Rich and greasy foods cause carbuncles and ulcers." This refers to such cases. Initially, the shape resembles a millet grain or a blister. Palpation reveals a deep root, as if nailed to the bone, with unbearable pain. The base spreads diffusely without penetrating, the face and eyes swell, or there is hard red swelling, aversion to cold, burning fever, nausea, vomiting, and limb stiffness or spasms. After three to four days, trismus (lockjaw) resembling spasm may occur, along with blurred consciousness. This is because fire toxins have penetrated into the Pericardium (Xin Bao), known as "Zouhuang Ding" (Roaming Yellow Carbuncle, referring to septicemia/toxemia from carbuncle), a critical condition with a mortality rate of nine out of ten. Suitable treatments include Zixue Dan (Purple Snow Pill), Zhibao Dan (Precious Treasure Pill), and Xijiao Dihuang Tang. External treatment follows the previous methods. Additionally, an ancient formula, Mingdan (Life-Restoring Pill), can be used by placing one pill into the wound head and covering it with a plaster. If the patient loses consciousness or has tight jaw muscles, Mingdan powder mixed with green onion and wine can be administered forcibly. If red threads (red streaks indicating lymphangitis) appear, they should be promptly pricked with a needle at the end of the red thread to release bad blood and drain the toxin, offering a chance for survival. In cases where residual toxins flow through the collaterals, causing widespread Liu Zhu (flowing abscesses) throughout the body, the treatment is the same as that for Yang-pattern Liu Zhu.