秦子曰∶喘者，促促气急，喝喝喘息，甚者张口抬肩，摇身撷肚，与短气不相接续，逆
气上奔而不下者不同。若喘促，喉中如水鸡声，谓之哮。《正传》云∶喘以气息言，哮以声
响名。河间云∶病寒则气衰而息微，病热则气盛而息粗。诸经皆令人喘，而多在肺胃二家，
喘而咳逆嗽痰者，肺也；喘而呕吐者，胃也。今立外感三条，内伤六条。
【风寒喘逆之症】头痛身痛，身发寒热，无汗恶寒，喘咳痰鸣，气盛息粗，此外感风寒
【风寒喘逆之因】外冒风寒，皮毛受邪，郁于肌表，则身热而喘；逆于阳明，则呕吐而
喘；壅于肺家，则咳嗽而喘；肺风痰喘之症也。
【风寒喘逆之脉】浮缓为风，浮紧为寒。六脉俱浮，表有风寒；六脉沉数，寒郁为热。
【风寒喘逆之治】风气胜者，宜散风解表，防风泻白散、防风桔梗汤。寒气胜者，小青
龙汤、三拗汤、麻黄定喘汤。寒郁成热，逆于阳明，呕吐者，干葛竹茹汤、平胃散。
防风泻白散 见前哮症。
防风桔梗汤 肺风痰喘，此方甚妙。
防风 半夏 枳壳 陈皮 桔梗
不应，加桑白皮、地骨皮即效。
小青龙汤 见前溢饮门。
三汤拗 见前风痰门。
麻黄定喘汤 肺受寒邪，未经郁热者用。
麻黄 杏仁 枳壳 桔梗 苏子 橘红 甘草
干葛竹茹汤 清理胃气，去烦止呕。
干葛 竹茹 广皮 白茯苓 熟半夏 甘草
有风，加防风。有寒，加生姜。
平胃散 治胃气不平，喘而上逆者。
熟苍术 浓朴 广皮 甘草
风寒俱有，加防风、生姜。
秦子说：所谓喘证，是指呼吸急促、喘息有声，严重的甚至张口抬肩、身体摇晃、腹部收缩，这与短气（呼吸浅短，气息不能接续）不同，后者是逆气上冲而不能下行。如果气喘急促，喉间发出像水鸡（青蛙）一样的叫声，这叫做哮。《正传》中说：喘是从气息的角度来描述的，哮是从声音的角度来命名的。河间（刘完素）说：患寒病则阳气衰微而呼吸微弱，患热病则阳气盛实而呼吸粗重。各条经络的病变都会导致喘证，但多发生在肺和胃两个脏腑。喘证伴有咳嗽、咳痰的，病位在肺；喘证伴有呕吐的，病位在胃。现在制定外感引起的三条证型，内伤引起的六条证型。
【风寒喘逆的症状】头痛、身体疼痛，身体出现寒热交替，无汗且怕冷，气喘咳嗽、痰鸣音重，气盛呼吸粗重，这是外感风寒的表现。
【风寒喘逆的病因】外受风寒侵袭，邪气侵犯皮毛，郁结在肌表，就会导致身热而喘；邪气逆犯阳明经，就会导致呕吐而喘；邪气壅塞于肺部，就会导致咳嗽而喘；这是肺风痰喘的病症。
【风寒喘逆的脉象】脉浮缓表示风邪为主，脉浮紧表示寒邪为主。六部脉象都浮，说明体表有风寒；六部脉象沉数，说明寒邪郁结化热。
【风寒喘逆的治疗】风邪偏胜的，适宜疏散风邪、解表散寒，使用防风泻白散、防风桔梗汤。寒邪偏胜的，使用小青龙汤、三拗汤、麻黄定喘汤。若寒邪郁结化为热邪，逆犯阳明经并伴有呕吐的，使用干葛竹茹汤、平胃散。
防风泻白散 见前文哮症章节。
防风桔梗汤 治疗肺风痰喘，此方非常有效。
组成药物：防风、半夏、枳壳、陈皮、桔梗。
若服药无效，加入桑白皮、地骨皮即见效。
小青龙汤 见前文溢饮门章节。
三拗汤 见前文风痰门章节。
麻黄定喘汤 适用于肺受寒邪、尚未郁结化热的情况。
组成药物：麻黄、杏仁、枳壳、桔梗、苏子、橘红、甘草。
干葛竹茹汤 清理胃气，去除烦闷、停止呕吐。
组成药物：干葛、竹茹、广皮（陈皮）、白茯苓、熟半夏、甘草。
若有风邪，加防风。若有寒邪，加生姜。
Qin Zi said: The syndrome of panting (Chuan) is characterized by rapid and shortness of breath, audible wheezing, and in severe cases, opening the mouth and raising the shoulders, swaying the body, and retracting the abdomen. This is different from shortness of breath (Duan Qi), which is characterized by shallow breathing that cannot be sustained, with rebellious Qi rushing upward without descending. If panting is accompanied by a sound in the throat resembling that of a water chicken (frog), it is called asthma (Xiao). *Zheng Chuan* states: "Panting refers to the state of breath, while asthma refers to the sound." He Jian (Liu Wansu) stated: "In cold diseases, Qi declines and respiration becomes faint; in heat diseases, Qi is excessive and respiration becomes coarse." Pathologies of all meridians can cause panting, but they mostly occur in the Lung and Stomach organs. Panting accompanied by coughing and expectoration indicates pathology in the Lung; panting accompanied by vomiting indicates pathology in the Stomach. Herein, three categories for exogenous causes and six categories for endogenous injuries are established.
[Symptoms of Wind-Cold Rebellious Panting] Headache, body pain, alternating chills and fever, absence of sweating, aversion to cold, panting with coughing and loud phlegm sounds, excessive Qi and coarse respiration. These are manifestations of exogenous Wind-Cold.
[Etiology of Wind-Cold Rebellious Panting] External invasion by Wind-Cold, where pathogens affect the skin and hair, stagnate in the muscle layer, leading to fever and panting; rebellion against the Yangming Meridian leads to vomiting and panting; congestion in the Lung organ leads to coughing and panting. This is the syndrome of Wind-Phlegm Panting of the Lung.
[Pulse of Wind-Cold Rebellious Panting] A floating and moderate pulse indicates Wind dominance; a floating and tight pulse indicates Cold dominance. All six pulses being floating indicates exogenous Wind-Cold on the exterior; all six pulses being deep and rapid indicate Cold stagnation transforming into Heat.
[Treatment of Wind-Cold Rebellious Panting] For Wind dominance, it is appropriate to disperse Wind and release the exterior, using Fangfeng Xiebai San (Saposhnikovia Decoction to Drain the Lungs) or Fangfeng Jiegeng Tang (Saposhnikovia and Platycodon Decoction). For Cold dominance, use Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Green Dragon Decoction), San'ao Tang (Three Unblocking Decoction), or Mahuang Dingchuan Tang (Ephedra Asthma-Calming Decoction). For Cold stagnation transforming into Heat, rebelling against the Yangming Meridian with vomiting, use Gange Zhuru Tang (Kudzu and Bamboo Shavings Decoction) or Pingwei San (Stomach-Pacifying Powder).
Fangfeng Xiebai San See the previous section on Asthma Syndrome.
Fangfeng Jiegeng Tang This formula is excellent for treating Lung Wind Phlegm Panting.
Ingredients: Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root), Banxia (Pinellia Tuber), Zhike (Aurantium Fructus Immaturus), Chenpi (Citrus Reticulatae Pericarpium), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root).
If ineffective, add Sangbaipi (Morus Alba Bark) and Digupi (Lycium Bark) for efficacy.
Xiao Qinglong Tang See the previous section on Overflowing Fluids.
San'ao Tang See the previous section on Wind-Phlegm.
Mahuang Dingchuan Tang Used when the Lung is affected by Cold pathogens that have not yet stagnated into Heat.
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Zhike (Aurantium Fructus Immaturus), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), Suzi (Perillae Fructus), Juhong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Rubrum), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
Gange Zhuru Tang Clears and regulates Stomach Qi, removes irritability, and stops vomiting.
Ingredients: Gange (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Zhuru (Bambusae Caulis in Taenia), Guangpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Baifuling (Poria), Shu Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
If Wind is present, add Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root). If Cold is present, add Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens).
Pingwei San Treats disharmony of Stomach Qi with rebellious panting.
Ingredients: Shu Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma Preparatum), Nongpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Guangpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
If both Wind and Cold are present, add Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root) and Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens).