微脉极细而软，按之如欲绝，若有若无，细而稍长。《素问》谓之小，气血微则脉微。
∶轻诊可见，按之欲绝者，微也。往来如线而常有者，细也。仲景曰∶脉瞥瞥如羹上肥者，
阳气微，萦萦如蛛丝细者，阴气衰，长病得之死，卒病得之生。
主病 气血微兮脉亦微，恶寒发热汗淋漓，胃为劳极诸虚候，女作崩中带下医。寸微气
促或心惊，关脉微时胀满形，尺部见之精血弱，恶寒消痹痛呻吟。又曰∶微主久虚血弱之病，阳
微恶寒，阴微发热。《脉诀》云∶崩中日久成白带，漏下多时骨木枯。
动乃数脉，见于上下，无头无尾如豆，厥厥动摇。仲景曰∶阴阳相抟，名曰动。阳动则
，阴动则发热形冷恶寒，此三焦伤也。成无己曰∶阴阳相抟则虚者动，故阳虚则阳动，阴虚
则阴动。庞氏曰∶关前三分为阳，关后三分为阴，当关之位，半阴半阳，故动由虚见。又曰
∶动脉摇摇数在关，无头无尾豆形圆，其源本是阴阳战，虚者补之胜者安。《脉诀》言寻之
似有，举之还无，不离其处，不往不来，两关数见，含糊谬妄，殊非动脉。詹氏言其形数动
，如钩如毛者尤谬。
主病 动脉专司痛与惊，汗因阳动热因阴，或为泄痢拘挛病，男子亡精女子崩。
牢脉似沉似伏，实大而长，微弦。扁鹊曰∶牢而长者，肝木也。仲景曰∶寒则牢坚，有
之象。沈氏曰∶似沉似伏，牢之位也，实大弦长，牢之体也。《脉诀》不言形状，但言寻之
则无，按之则有，云脉入皮肤辨息难，又以牢为死脉，皆孟浪谬误。李氏曰∶弦长实大脉牢
坚，牢位长居沉伏间，革脉芤弦自牢起，革虚牢实要详看。
主病 寒则牢坚里有余，腹心寒痛木乘脾，疝气 瘕何愁也，失血阴虚却忌之。又曰∶
寒实之病，木实则为痛。扁鹊云∶软为虚，牢为实，失血者，脉宜沉细，反浮大而牢者死。
虚病见实脉死。《脉诀》言骨间疼痛，气居于表。池氏以为肾传于脾，皆谬妄不经之说。
微脉极其细弱而柔软，重按时感觉几乎要断绝，似有似无，脉形细且略微长。《素问》中称之为“小”脉，气血虚弱则脉象表现为微。
轻取即可察觉，重按则感觉几乎断绝的，是微脉。脉来去如线但持续存在的，是细脉。张仲景说：脉象轻浮如羹汤表面的油脂，是阳气微弱；脉象萦绕如蛛丝般纤细，是阴气衰败。久病出现此脉多主死亡，急病出现此脉尚有生机。
微脉所主病症：气血虚弱则脉象也微弱，症状包括恶寒、发热、大汗淋漓；这是胃气极度劳损及各种虚证的征候，女性可见崩漏和带下病。寸部见微脉，可能出现气短或心悸；关部见微脉，多见腹胀满；尺部见微脉，提示精血亏虚，伴有恶寒、痹痛消除后的呻吟等症状。又说：微脉主要主久病体虚、血弱的疾病，阳微则恶寒，阴微则发热。《脉诀》说：崩漏日久可转为白带，漏下过多则骨骼枯槁。
动脉属于数脉的一种，脉动见于上下部位，没有头尾，形状如豆粒，厥厥然动摇不定。张仲景说：阴阳相互搏结，称为动。阳动则导致身体战栗，阴动则导致发热、形体寒冷、恶寒，这是三焦受损的表现。成无己说：阴阳相互搏结则虚弱之处会出现动脉，所以阳虚则阳动，阴虚则阴动。庞氏说：关前三分之一为阳，关后三分之一为阴，当关的位置，半阴半阳，所以动脉由虚证产生。又说：动脉在关部摇摇跳动且频率快，没有头尾，形状圆如豆粒，其根源本是阴阳相争，虚者宜补，胜者自安。《脉诀》中说寻找时似乎有，举起手指时似乎无，不离原处，不往来移动，两关部多见，这种说法含糊谬妄，完全不是动脉的特征。詹氏说其形态为数动，像钩或像毛，更是错误。
动脉所主病症：动脉专门主管疼痛和惊悸，汗出因阳动引起，发热因阴动引起，或者是泄泻痢疾、拘挛抽搐的病，男性可见遗精滑脱，女性可见崩漏。
牢脉似沉似伏，脉体实大而长，略微带弦象。扁鹊说：脉牢而长的，对应肝木。张仲景说：寒邪则脉象牢坚，具有坚实之象。沈氏说：似沉似伏，是牢脉的部位特征；实大弦长，是牢脉的形态特征。《脉诀》不讲明形状，只说寻之则无，按之则有，还说脉入皮肤难以辨别呼吸，又将牢脉视为死脉，都是鲁莽错误的。李氏说：弦长实大的脉象称为牢坚，牢脉位置长久居于沉伏之间，革脉与芤脉从牢脉变化而来，革脉主虚、牢脉主实，需要仔细分辨。
牢脉所主病症：寒邪则脉象牢坚，里实有余，腹心寒冷疼痛，肝木乘脾，疝气和癥瘕积聚不必担忧，但失血和阴虚患者却忌讳见到此脉。又说：寒实性质的疾病，木气实则产生疼痛。扁鹊说：软脉主虚，牢脉主实，失血患者的脉象适宜沉细，如果反而出现浮大而牢的脉象则主死亡。虚证见到实脉主死亡。《脉诀》说骨间疼痛，气居于体表。池氏认为是肾传于脾，都是荒谬不经的说法。
The Wei (Micro) pulse is extremely fine, weak, and soft. Upon deep pressure, it feels as if it is about to cease, appearing now present, now absent; it is fine and slightly long. The *Suwen* refers to it as the Xiao (Small) pulse; when Qi and Blood are deficient, the pulse appears Wei.
It can be perceived with light palpation; when deep pressure makes it feel as if it is about to cease, this is the Wei pulse. When the pulse comes and goes like a thread but remains constantly present, this is the Xi (Fine) pulse. Zhang Zhongjing stated: "When the pulse flutters like fat floating on soup, Yang Qi is deficient; when it lingers like a spider's silk, Yin Qi is depleted. In chronic diseases, this indicates death; in acute diseases, it indicates survival."
**Diseases Governed:**
When Qi and Blood are deficient, the pulse also appears Wei. Symptoms include aversion to cold, fever, and profuse sweating. It indicates extreme exhaustion of Stomach Qi and various deficiency syndromes. In women, it manifests as uterine bleeding (Beng Lou) and leukorrhea. If seen at the Cun (Inch) position, it may cause shortness of breath or palpitations. If seen at the Guan (Bar) position, it presents with abdominal distension. If seen at the Chi (Cubit) position, it indicates weakness of Essence and Blood, accompanied by aversion to cold, relief from Bi pain, and groaning. Furthermore, the Wei pulse primarily governs diseases of chronic deficiency and blood weakness: Yang deficiency leads to aversion to cold, while Yin deficiency leads to fever. The *Mai Jue* states: "Uterine bleeding lasting long turns into white discharge; prolonged leakage causes bones to become dry and withered."
The Dong (Moving) pulse belongs to the Shuo (Rapid) category. It appears in the upper and lower aspects, without head or tail, resembling a bean, quivering and shaking. Zhang Zhongjing stated: "When Yin and Yang struggle against each other, it is named Dong." Yang movement causes tremors; Yin movement causes fever, cold body, and aversion to cold; this indicates injury to the Sanjiao (Triple Burner). Cheng Wuji stated: "When Yin and Yang struggle, the deficient aspect moves; thus, Yang deficiency leads to Yang movement, and Yin deficiency leads to Yin movement." Pang stated: "One-third anterior to the Guan is Yang, one-third posterior to the Guan is Yin. The position at the Guan is half-Yang and half-Yin; therefore, the Dong pulse arises from deficiency." He further stated: "The moving pulse quivers rapidly at the Guan, without head or tail, round like a bean. Its origin lies in the struggle between Yin and Yang; the deficient should be tonified, and the victorious will be at peace." The *Mai Jue* claims that searching for it yields presence, lifting the finger yields absence, it stays in place without moving back and forth, and is frequently seen at both Guan positions. This description is vague and erroneous, completely failing to describe the true nature of the Dong pulse. Zhan claimed its form is rapid and moving, resembling a hook or hair, which is even more absurd.
**Diseases Governed:**
The Dong pulse specifically governs pain and fright. Sweating results from Yang movement; fever results from Yin movement. It may also indicate diarrhea, dysentery, or spasms/convulsions. In men, it indicates seminal emission/wasting; in women, it indicates uterine bleeding.
The Lao (Firm) pulse resembles the Chen (Deep) and Fu (Profound) pulses; it is solid, large, long, and slightly wiry. Bian Que stated: "A firm and long pulse corresponds to Liver Wood." Zhang Zhongjing stated: "Cold causes firmness and solidity, presenting a solid appearance." Shen stated: "Resembling Chen and Fu defines its location; being solid, large, wiry, and long defines its form." The *Mai Jue* does not describe its shape, only stating that searching yields nothing while pressing reveals presence, and that distinguishing it by skin respiration is difficult, labeling it a death pulse. These are all rash and erroneous. Li stated: "Wiry, long, solid, and large constitutes the Firm pulse. The Firm pulse resides deeply between Chen and Fu positions. Ge (Leather) and Kou (Hollow) pulses arise from variations of the Firm pulse. Ge indicates deficiency, while Lao indicates excess; these must be carefully distinguished."
**Diseases Governed:**
Cold causes the pulse to be firm and solid, indicating interior excess. It manifests as cold pain in the abdomen and heart, or Liver Wood overacting on Spleen Earth. One need not worry about hernia or masses (Jia). However, patients with blood loss or Yin deficiency must avoid seeing this pulse. Furthermore, in diseases of Cold Excess, Wood excess generates pain. Bian Que said: "Soft pulses indicate deficiency; Firm pulses indicate excess. For blood loss, the pulse should be deep and fine; if it instead appears floating, large, and firm, it indicates death. Deficiency diseases presenting with Excess pulses indicate death." The *Mai Jue* claims bone pain with Qi residing on the surface. Chi believed this indicated transmission from Kidney to Spleen. Both are absurd and unfounded theories.