即前方去甘草加细辛治少阴病如得之反发热脉沉者内经曰寒淫于内治以甘
辛润之麻黄之甘以解少阴之寒细辛附子之辛以温少阴之经脉沉小属少阴者
即麻黄汤去桂加连轺（二两）赤小豆（一升）梓白皮（一斤）姜枣煎服治伤寒
身必发黄此汤主之
即麻黄汤加生地治妇人伤寒脉浮而紧头痛身热恶寒无汗发汗后恐热入血室
即麻黄汤加黄芩治喘渴气壅一方去杏仁加芍药黄芩治小儿伤寒寒热无汗头痛
即麻黄汤加生姜大枣石膏治太阳中风脉浮紧发热恶寒身疼痛不汗出而烦躁者又治
浮缓身不疼但重乍有轻时无少阴证者若脉微弱汗出恶风者不可服之服之则厥逆筋惕肉
逆也
按成无己曰青龙东方木神也应春而主肝专发生之令为敷荣之主草木甲柝则有两岐肝有两
叶以
之也
仁以发散荣中之寒桂枝
即麻黄汤去杏仁加芍药干姜细辛半夏五味子治伤寒表不解心下有水气干呕发热而咳或渴
或利或噎或小便不利少腹满或喘者又治伤寒心下有水气咳而微喘成无己曰伤寒表不解则麻黄
汤可以发中风表不解则桂枝汤可以散惟其表且不解而又心下有水气则非麻黄桂枝所能发散必
用小青龙汤始可祛除表里之邪气耳又曰寒邪在表非辛甘不能散之麻黄甘草之辛甘以发散表邪
水停心下而不行则肾气燥内经曰肾苦燥急食辛以润之干姜半夏之辛以行水气而润肾咳逆而喘
则肺气逆内经曰肺欲收急食酸以收之芍药五味子之酸以收逆气而安肺加减法若微利者去麻黄
加荛花如鸡子熬令赤色下利者不可攻其表汗出必胀满麻黄发其阳水渍入胃必作利荛花下十二
水水去利则止
若渴者去半夏加栝蒌根三两辛燥而苦润半夏辛而燥津液非渴
津液故加之 若噎者去麻黄加附子（一枚炮）经曰水得寒气冷必相搏其人即KT 加附子温
散水寒病患有寒复发汗胃中冷必吐蛔去麻黄恶发汗 若小便不利少腹满者去麻黄加茯苓（四
两）水畜下焦不行为小便不利少腹满麻黄发津液于外非所宜也茯苓泄畜水于下加所当也 若
喘者去麻黄加杏仁（半升）去皮尖金匮要略曰其人形肿故不内麻黄内杏子以
喘呼形肿水气标本之疾
这就是前方（麻黄汤）去掉甘草，加入细辛，用于治疗少阴病。如果患病后反而出现发热、脉象沉的症状，《内经》说：“寒邪侵袭体内，用甘味和辛味的药物来治疗并滋润它。”麻黄的甘味用来解除少阴经的寒邪，细辛和附子的辛味用来温通少阴经的经脉；脉象沉小属于少阴病的特征。
这就是麻黄汤加上白术（四两），用于治疗患有湿病的人身体烦痛，以及风湿相搏导致腰部以上浮肿的情况。
这就是麻黄汤去掉桂枝，加入薏苡仁，用于治疗风湿导致的全身疼痛，下午申时（日晡）发热，病因是出汗时受风或贪凉所致。
这就是麻黄汤去掉桂枝，加入连轺（二两）、赤小豆（一升）、梓白皮（一斤），用生姜和大枣煎服，用于治疗伤寒后身体必然发黄的情况，此汤为主治方。
这就是麻黄汤加生地黄，用于治疗妇女患伤寒，脉象浮紧，头痛身热恶寒无汗，发汗后担心热邪陷入血室的情况。
这就是麻黄汤加黄芩，用于治疗气喘、口渴、气机壅滞的情况。另一版本去掉杏仁，加入芍药和黄芩，用于治疗小儿伤寒，表现为寒热往来、无汗、头痛。
这就是麻黄汤加生姜、大枣、石膏，用于治疗太阳中风证，脉象浮紧，发热恶寒，身体疼痛，无汗且烦躁的情况。又用于治疗脉象浮缓，身体不痛但沉重，时而减轻，且没有少阴证表现的情况。如果脉象微弱、出汗、怕风，则不可服用此方；若误服会导致四肢厥冷、筋脉跳动、肌肉瞤动。
按成无己的说法：青龙对应东方的木神，顺应春季而主宰肝脏，专门负责生发之气，是敷布荣气的主体。草木初生破壳时有两歧，正如肝脏有两叶，以此类比。方中麻黄发散营分中的寒邪，桂枝……
这就是麻黄汤去掉杏仁，加入芍药、干姜、细辛、半夏、五味子，用于治疗伤寒表证未解，心下有水气停留，表现为干呕、发热而咳嗽，或者口渴，或者腹泻，或者噎塞感，或者小便不利、少腹胀满，或者气喘的情况。又用于治疗伤寒心下有水气，咳嗽且轻微气喘。成无己说：伤寒表证未解，则麻黄汤可以发汗；中风表证未解，则桂枝汤可以解肌散邪。只有当表证未解且心下又有水气时，才非麻黄汤或桂枝汤所能单独发散，必须用小青龙汤才能祛除表里之邪气。他又说：寒邪在表，非辛甘不能发散。麻黄和甘草的辛甘之性用来发散表邪。水停聚在心下而不运行，则肾气干燥。《内经》说：“肾苦燥，急食辛以润之。”干姜和半夏的辛味用来行水气而滋润肾脏。咳逆而气喘，则是肺气上逆。《内经》说：“肺欲收，急食酸以收之。”芍药和五味子的酸味用来收敛逆气而安定肺气。加减法：如果轻微腹泻，去掉麻黄，加入熬至赤色的荛花（如鸡蛋大小）；如果严重腹泻，则不可攻表，否则出汗必致胀满。麻黄发散阳气，水湿侵入胃中必然导致腹泻，荛花能泻十二经之水，水去则利止。如果口渴，去掉半夏，加入三两栝蒌根，因为半夏辛燥伤津液，而口渴是津液不足，故加入栝蒌根以生津。如果噎塞，去掉麻黄，加入一枚炮附子。经书说：水与寒气相遇，冷必相互搏结，人体会出现KT（此处原文可能有缺字或通假，指寒冷凝滞之状）。加附子以温散水寒。患者有寒证复发汗，胃中寒冷必吐蛔虫，故去麻黄以免更伤阳气。如果小便不利、少腹胀满，去掉麻黄，加入四两茯苓。水蓄积在下焦不运行，导致小便不利和少腹胀满，麻黄发散津液于体表，对此情况不适宜，茯苓能泄下焦蓄积的水气，所以应当加入。如果气喘，去掉麻黄，加入半升去皮尖的杏仁。《金匮要略》说：其人形体浮肿，所以不用麻黄，用杏子（杏仁）来平喘呼，因为形肿和水气是标本相关的疾病。
This is the preceding formula (Mahuang Tang) with Gancao removed and Xixin added, used to treat Shaoyin disease. If fever occurs after onset with a deep pulse, *Neijing* states: "When cold invades internally, treat it with sweet and acrid substances to moisten." The sweetness of Mahuang resolves the cold of Shaoyin; the acridity of Xixin and Fuzi warms the meridians of Shaoyin. A deep and small pulse indicates Shaoyin involvement.
This is Mahuang Tang plus Baizhu (4 liang), used to treat patients with dampness experiencing bodily restlessness and pain, or wind-dampness clashing causing swelling above the waist.
This is Mahuang Tang without Guizhi, adding Yiyiren, used to treat wind-dampness causing whole-body pain, afternoon fever (at Shen hour), caused by sweating while exposed to wind or seeking coolness.
This is Mahuang Tang without Guizhi, adding Lianyao (2 liang), Chixiaodou (1 sheng), and Zibapi (1 jin), decocted with Shengjiang and Dazao, used to treat yellowing of the body following Shanghan; this decoction is the primary treatment.
This is Mahuang Tang plus Shengdi, used to treat women with Shanghan presenting with a floating and tight pulse, headache, fever, aversion to cold, and anhidrosis, where there is fear of heat entering the Blood Chamber after sweating.
This is Mahuang Tang plus Huangqin, used to treat wheezing, thirst, and qi stagnation. Another variation removes Xingren and adds Shaoyao and Huangqin, used for pediatric Shanghan with alternating chills and fever, anhidrosis, and headache.
This is Mahuang Tang plus Shengjiang, Dazao, and Shigao, used to treat Taiyang Wind Strike with a floating and tight pulse, fever, aversion to cold, body pain, anhidrosis, and irritability. It also treats cases with a floating and slow pulse, no body pain but heaviness that fluctuates, and absence of Shaoyin signs. If the pulse is weak, with sweating and aversion to wind, it is contraindicated; ingestion may lead to cold limbs, twitching of sinews, and muscle fasciculations.
Cheng Wuji notes: Qinglong corresponds to the Wood Spirit of the East, aligns with Spring, governs the Liver, and directs the generating force, serving as the master of distributing Ying Qi. Just as sprouting plants have two divisions, the Liver has two lobes. Mahuang disperses cold within the Ying; Guizhi...
This is Mahuang Tang without Xingren, adding Shaoyao, Ganjiang, Xixin, Banxia, and Wuweizi, used to treat Shanghan where the exterior is unresolved and fluid retention exists in the epigastrium, manifesting as dry retching, fever, and cough, or possibly thirst, diarrhea, dysphagia, difficulty urinating with lower abdominal fullness, or wheezing. It also treats Shanghan with fluid retention in the epigastrium causing cough and slight wheezing. Cheng Wuji states: For unresolved exterior Shanghan, Mahuang Tang can induce sweating; for unresolved exterior Wind Strike, Guizhi Tang can disperse. Only when the exterior is unresolved AND fluid retention exists in the epigastrium can neither Mahuang Tang nor Guizhi Tang suffice; Xiaoqinglong Tang is required to dispel pathogenic factors from both interior and exterior. He further states: Cold pathogens on the exterior cannot be dispersed without sweet and acrid agents. The sweet and acrid nature of Mahuang and Gancao disperses exterior pathogens. Fluid retention in the epigastrium fails to circulate, leading to dryness of Kidney Qi. *Neijing* says: "The Kidney dislikes dryness; urgently consume acrid substances to moisten it." The acridity of Ganjiang and Banxia moves fluid and moistens the Kidney. Wheezing and cough indicate rebellious Lung Qi. *Neijing* says: "The Lung desires restriction; urgently consume sour substances to restrict it." The sourness of Shaoyao and Wuweizi restricts rebellious Qi and calms the Lung. Modifications: For mild diarrhea, remove Mahuang and add Raohua (fried until red); for severe diarrhea, do not attack the exterior, as sweating will cause distension. Mahuang disperses Yang; water entering the Stomach causes diarrhea; Raohua drains water from the twelve channels, stopping diarrhea once water is eliminated. For thirst, remove Banxia and add 3 liang of Gualougen, because Banxia is acrid and drying, damaging fluids, whereas thirst indicates fluid deficiency, so Gualougen is added to generate fluids. For dysphagia, remove Mahuang and add one prepared Fuzi. Classics state: Water meeting cold energy creates cold clashing, causing [cold stagnation]. Add Fuzi to warm and disperse cold-water pathology. Patients with cold conditions who sweat again may vomit roundworms due to cold in the Stomach; thus, remove Mahuang to avoid further sweating. For difficulty urinating and lower abdominal fullness, remove Mahuang and add 4 liang of Fuling. Water accumulation in the Lower Jiao obstructs urination and causes fullness; Mahuang disperses fluids outward, which is inappropriate here; Fuling drains accumulated water downward, which is appropriate. For wheezing, remove Mahuang and add half a sheng of Xingren (skin and tip removed). *Jingui Yaolue* states: Due to bodily edema, Mahuang is not used; instead, Xingzi (Xingren) is used to calm wheezing, as edema and fluid retention are related in root and manifestation.