味辛温。主妇人疝瘕。阴中寒肿痛。腹中急。除风头痛。长肌肤。说颜色。一名鬼卿
。一名地新。生山谷。
畴生五臭。润泽程功。本侪禾槁。论若芎 。毒披瘴雾。郁散寒风。四肢安畅。泮涣冬
烘。
管子。五臭畴生槁本。名医曰。润泽疗风邪。流于四肢。礼。程功积事。苏恭曰。根上
苗下
似禾槁。淮南子。论人者若芎 之与槁本也。陈元素曰。太阳经风药其气雄壮。寒气郁于本
经。头痛必用之。治雾露之清。邪中于上焦。苏轼诗。遇境即安畅。王太真赋。牢落泮涣。
摭言。头脑冬烘。
味苦平。主劳热邪气。五癃闭不通。利小便水道。一名石 。生山谷石上。
静寄阴森。离披险罅。 质坚柔。金星映射。水远潺 。声休叱 。蟠石久要。浑忘凋
谢。
陶潜诗。静寄东轩。温庭筠诗。画壁阴森九子堂。韦应物诗。草木晓离披。李时珍曰。
多生
阴崖险罅处。柔韧如皮。亦有金星者。凌冬不凋。名医曰。生山谷石上。不闻水声人声者良
。正韵。潺 水流貌。一曰水流声。史记传。项王喑哑叱 。易。通卦验下如蟠石。论语。
久要不忘。张昱诗。芳容有凋谢。
味苦平。主腰背痛。强骨节。风寒湿周痹。恶创不瘳。热气。生山谷。
百枝赤节。质异名仍。花研众采。叶镂三棱。春秋分撷。虚实搜征。金根铁角。味办淄
渑。
吴普曰。一名百枝。名医曰。一名赤节。与狗脊同名。二月八月采根。苏颂曰。花有黄
红白
三种。叶作三叉。苏恭曰。此有二种。茎有刺者根实。无刺者根虚。软为胜。博物志。菝
与萆 相乱。李时珍曰。菝 江浙人谓之
金刚根。楚人谓之铁菱角。列子。口将爽者先辨淄渑。
【槁本】
味辛，性温。主治妇女疝瘕（腹内结块），阴部寒冷肿痛，腹部拘急疼痛。祛除风邪引起的头痛，促进肌肤生长，改善面色光泽。又名鬼卿，又名地新。生长于山谷之中。
畴生五臭（五种气味）：润泽之功显著。其形态类似禾本科植物的枯草。论述时将其与川芎相提并论。它能驱散瘴气迷雾中的毒邪，发散寒风郁结之气。使四肢安和通畅，如冬日暖阳般温和舒散。
《管子》记载：五种气味中，畴生之品以槁本为代表。名医说：它具有润泽功效，能治疗流窜于四肢的风邪。《礼记》提到：程功积事（积累功德事业）。苏恭说：根部上端、苗株下端形状像禾本科植物的枯草。《淮南子》说：谈论人时，就像川芎与槁本的关系一样。陈元素说：作为太阳经的风药，其气势雄壮。寒气郁结在太阳经，头痛时必须使用它。治疗雾露之清邪，邪气侵犯上焦。苏轼诗句：遇到适宜的环境即安和通畅。王太真赋：牢落泮涣（形容零落消散的样子）。《摭言》：头脑冬烘（形容迂腐糊涂）。
【石苇】
味苦，性平。主治劳热邪气，五种癃闭（排尿困难）不通畅，通利小便水道。又名石葽。生长于山谷岩石之上。
静静寄居在阴森之处，枝叶分散在险峻的缝隙中。质地坚硬而柔韧，如同金星相互映照。水流遥远且潺潺作响，声音停止时不再叱咤。盘踞在岩石上长久坚守，浑然忘记了凋谢。
陶潜诗句：静静寄居在东轩。温庭筠诗句：画壁阴森九子堂。韦应物诗句：草木清晨枝叶分散。李时珍说：多生长在阴暗山崖和险峻缝隙处，柔韧如皮革。也有带有金星斑点的。凌冬不凋谢。名医说：生长在山谷岩石上，听不到水声和人声的地方生长的品质优良。《正韵》：潺湲是水流的样子，一说为水流声。《史记·项羽本纪》：项王喑哑叱咤。《易经·通卦验》下篇：如同盘石。《论语》：久要不忘（长期约定的事情不忘记）。张昱诗句：芳容有凋谢。
【菝葜】
味苦，性平。主治腰背疼痛，强健骨节，风寒湿邪导致的周身痹痛，恶疮久不愈合，热气。生长于山谷之中。
百枝赤节，质地不同但名称仍存。花朵研碎呈现多种色彩，叶片雕刻出三棱形状。春秋分时节采摘，辨别虚实征象。根如金铁，角似铁铸，味道能分辨淄水和渑水的差异。
吴普说：又名百枝。名医说：又名赤节。与狗脊同名。二月和八月采集根部。苏颂说：花有黄、红、白三种颜色。叶子呈三叉状。苏恭说：此药有两种，茎有刺的根部坚实，无刺的根部虚软，以软者为佳。《博物志》：菝葜与萆薢容易混淆。李时珍说：菝葜在江浙地区被称为金刚根，楚地人称为铁菱角。《列子》：口将爽者先辨淄渑（快要出错前先分辨细微差别）。
[Coptis Rhizome (Gao Ben)]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. Primarily treats gynecological hernia masses (abdominal lumps), cold and painful swelling in the genital region, and acute tension in the abdomen. Expels wind-induced headaches, promotes skin growth, and enhances complexion luster. Also known as Gui Qing, or Di Xin. Grows in mountain valleys.
Among the five odors, it possesses significant moistening efficacy. Its morphology resembles withered grass of the Poaceae family. In discussions, it is compared to Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong). It disperses toxicity from miasma and fog, scatters stagnant cold wind, and brings peace and smoothness to the four limbs, resembling the gentle warmth of winter sun.
The *Guanzi* records: Among the five odors, the representative item is Gao Ben. Famous physicians state: It has a moistening effect and treats wind pathogens flowing into the four limbs. The *Book of Rites* mentions accumulating merit and deeds. Su Gong states: The upper part of the root and lower part of the shoot resemble withered grass of the Poaceae family. The *Huainanzi* states: Discussing people is like the relationship between Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Gao Ben. Chen Yuansu states: As a wind-dispelling herb for the Taiyang Meridian, its qi is vigorous. When cold pathogen stagnates in this meridian, causing headache, it must be used. It treats clear pathogens from mist and dew; when pathogens attack the Upper Jiao. Su Shi's poem: "Upon encountering the right environment, one feels peaceful and smooth." Wang Taizhen's fu: "Scattered and dissipated" (describing a scattered and dissipating state). *Zhi Yan*: "Donghong head" (describing being pedantic and confused).
[Leafy Pyrrhospora (Shi Wei)]
Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature. Primarily treats heat due to overwork and evil qi, five types of strangury (difficulty in urination) with blockage, and benefits the water passages by promoting urination. Also known as Shi Yao. Grows on rocks in mountain valleys.
Quietly dwelling in shady and dense areas, leaves spread across dangerous crevices. The texture is hard yet flexible, reflecting like golden stars. Water flows far and murmurs; when the sound ceases, there is no shouting. It clings to rocks for a long time, forgetting decay and withering.
Tao Qian's poem: "Quietly dwelling in the eastern veranda." Wen Tingyun's poem: "The painted walls are shady in the Nine Sons Hall." Wei Yingwu's poem: "Plants and trees scatter their leaves at dawn." Li Shizhen states: It mostly grows in dark cliffs and dangerous crevices, flexible like leather. Some have golden star spots. It does not wither even in winter. Famous physicians state: Those growing on rocks in mountain valleys, where no water sounds or human voices are heard, are of superior quality. *Zheng Yun*: Chan Yuan describes the appearance of flowing water, or alternatively, the sound of flowing water. *Records of the Grand Historian*: "King Xiang was mute and shouted angrily." *I Ching Tong Gua Yan* Vol. 2: "Like a coiled stone." *Analects*: "Not forgetting long-standing agreements." Zhang Yu's poem: "Fragrant countenance undergoes withering."
[Smilax Glabra (Ba Qian)]
Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature. Primarily treats lower back and waist pain, strengthens bones and joints, treats generalized bi-syndrome caused by wind-cold-dampness, malignant sores that do not heal, and hot qi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Hundred branches with red nodes, different textures but retained names. Flowers crushed reveal various colors, leaves carved with three edges. Harvested during the Spring and Autumn Equinoxes, distinguishing deficiency and excess signs. Roots like gold and iron, angles like cast iron, taste capable of distinguishing the Zi and Mien rivers.
Wu Pu states: Also known as Bai Zhi. Famous physicians state: Also known as Chi Jie. Shares the same name as Dogui (Cibotium Barometz). Roots harvested in February and August. Su Song states: Flowers come in yellow, red, and white varieties. Leaves are trifoliate. Su Gong states: There are two types; those with thorny stems have solid roots, while those without thorns have hollow roots. Soft ones are superior. *Bowuzhi*: Smilax glabra and Dioscorea hypoglauca are easily confused. Li Shizhen states: Smilax glabra is called Jingang Gen in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and Tielingjiao in Chu regions. *Liezi*: "Before the mouth fails, one first distinguishes the Zi and Mien rivers" (distinguishing subtle differences before making mistakes).