味苦寒。主头风。黄胆咳逆。淋沥。女子阴中肿痛。湿痹死肌。不可屈伸。起止行步
。生川谷。
茎类槐茱。远搜栈阁。春孕坚凝。炎蒸虚恶。膻近白羊。累垂金雀。表里融通。黄消风
却。
苏颂曰。根青叶稍白。如槐。亦似茱萸。李洞诗。栈阁交冰柱。陶弘景曰。以蜀中者为
良。
俗呼白羊藓。苏恭曰。皮白而心实。根宜三月采。若四五月采。便虚恶矣。李时珍曰。此草
根白色作羊膻气。其子累累如椒。日华子曰。名金雀儿椒。为诸黄风痹要药。任 行状。表
里融通。
味酸平。主热烦满。定志益气。利水道。产难吞其实立产。一名醋酱。生川泽。
苦 苦 。中贮山樱。风摇铃动。珠耀灯明。洛神鸣 。王母垂缨。胚胎热解。如达全
生。
陈藏器曰。一名苦 。小者名苦 。寇宗 曰。壳中子大如樱红色。李时珍曰。其花如
杯。
结一铃。壳。凡五棱。一枝一颗。下悬如灯笼之状。掌禹锡曰。关中人谓之洛神珠。一名王
母珠。李白词。素女明珠 。王起赋。解彼珠缨。圣济总录。治妇人胎热。诗。先生如达。
礼。父母全而生之。
味苦辛寒。主心腹积聚。寒热邪气。通九窍。利大小便。一名牡蒙。生山谷。
三辅幽芳。青赤弥谷。飞羽翩翻。歧蹄排蹴。浓积阴沉。坚消心腹。火炙根温。紫光熠
煜。
范计然曰。紫参出三辅。以青赤色为善。钱起序。紫参幽芳也。五葩连萼。状飞禽羽举。
张
衡赋。众鸟翩翻。苏恭曰。叶似羊蹄。何逊七召。亦左排而右蹴。李时珍曰。气味俱浓。阴
也沉也。甄权曰。治心腹坚胀。苏颂曰。三月采根。火炙紫色。柳宗元。晋问日晶熠煜。
【白藓】
味苦，性寒。主治头风病、黄疸、咳嗽气逆、淋证（小便涩痛）、女子外阴肿痛、湿痹导致的肌肉枯死僵硬、关节屈伸不利以及行走困难。生长在山川河谷地带。
茎干类似槐树和茱萸，生长在遥远的栈道阁楼旁。春天孕育时质地坚实凝练，炎夏蒸腾时显得空虚恶劣。气味膻腥接近白羊，果实累累下垂如金雀鸟。它能表里疏通，消除黄疸，祛除风邪。
苏颂说：根部青色，叶子稍白，形状像槐树，也似茱萸。李洞有诗云：“栈阁交冰柱。”陶弘景说：以四川产的质量最好。俗称白羊藓。苏恭说：外皮白色而内心坚实，根部适宜三月采收，如果四五月采收，就会变得空虚恶劣。李时珍说：这种草根白色，带有羊膻味，其种子累累如同花椒。日华子说：名叫金雀儿椒，是治疗各种黄疸、风痹的重要药物。任行状描述其能表里疏通。
【酸酱】
味酸，性平。主治热烦闷胀满，安定神志，益气，通利水道。难产时吞服其实即可立即生产。又名醋酱。生长在山川沼泽地带。
苦涩之中蕴藏着山樱桃，风吹动时如铃铛作响，珍珠闪耀如灯光明亮，洛神鸣叫，王母垂下缨络。胚胎中的热邪得以解除，如同婴儿顺利出生保全生命。
陈藏器说：又名苦酱，小的名叫苦酱。寇宗奭说：壳中的种子大如樱桃，呈红色。李时珍说：它的花像杯子，结出一个铃铛状的果实，外壳有五个棱，一枝结一颗，下垂如灯笼形状。掌禹锡说：关中地区的人叫它洛神珠，又名王母珠。李白词句中有“素女明珠”，王起赋中有“解彼珠缨”。《圣济总录》记载治疗妇人胎热。诗句引用“先生如达”（比喻分娩顺利），礼记中提到“父母全而生之”。
【紫参】
味苦、辛，性寒。主治心腹部的积聚肿块、寒热邪气，通利九窍，通利大小便。又名牡蒙。生长在山谷中。
三辅地区幽香弥漫，青赤色遍布山谷，飞鸟翩翩飞舞，歧蹄动物排蹴践踏。浓重积聚于阴沉之处，坚硬积聚在心腹部。用火炙烤根部使其变温，紫光熠熠生辉。
范计然说：紫参出自三辅地区，以青赤色者为佳。钱起序言中说：“紫参幽芳也。”五朵花相连，花萼如飞禽羽毛举起。张衡赋中写道：“众鸟翩翻。”苏恭说：叶子像羊蹄草。何逊七召中写道：“亦左排而右蹴。”李时珍说：气味都很浓厚，属于阴沉之物。甄权说：治疗心腹坚胀。苏颂说：三月采收根部，用火炙烤成紫色。柳宗元在《晋问》中写道：“日晶熠煜。”
[White Xanthium / Dictamnus]
Bitter, cold. Indicated for headache due to wind (Toufeng), jaundice, cough with rebellious qi, stranguria (Lin syndrome characterized by painful and difficult urination), swelling and pain in the female external genitalia, damp-bi causing muscle atrophy and stiffness, inability to flex or extend joints, and difficulty walking. Grows in mountains and valleys.
The stem resembles that of the locust tree and dogwood, found near distant plank roads and pavilions. In spring, it is firm and condensed; in summer heat, it becomes void and poor in quality. It has a musky odor resembling white sheep, hanging down like golden sparrows. It unifies the interior and exterior, eliminates jaundice, and dispels wind.
Su Song stated: The root is greenish, leaves slightly white, resembling the locust tree, also similar to dogwood. Li Dong wrote in poetry: "Plank roads intersect with ice pillars." Tao Hongjing stated: Those from Shu (Sichuan) are superior. Commonly called White Sheep Moss. Su Gong stated: The bark is white and the heart is solid. The root should be harvested in March; if harvested in April or May, it becomes void and poor. Li Shizhen stated: This herb's root is white and has a sheep-like musky odor; its seeds hang in clusters like Sichuan pepper. Ri Mingzi stated: Named Jinque'er Jiao (Golden Sparrow Pepper), it is an essential herb for treating various types of jaundice and wind-bi. Ren Xingzhang described its ability to unify the interior and exterior.
[Sour Sauce / Actinidia]
Sour, neutral. Indicated for heat-induced vexation and fullness, calming the mind, benefiting Qi, and promoting water passage. For difficult labor, swallowing the fruit leads to immediate delivery. Also known as Cujiang (Vinegar Sauce). Grows in rivers and marshes.
Within the bitterness lies the mountain cherry; wind shaking it moves like bells, pearls shining bright as lamps, Luo Shen crying, Queen Mother lowering her tassels. Embryonic heat is resolved, akin to a lamb being born whole and alive.
Chen Zangqi stated: Also known as Kujiang (Bitter Sauce); the smaller ones are named Kujiang. Kou Zongshi stated: The seeds inside the shell are as large as cherries and red. Li Shizhen stated: Its flowers resemble cups, forming a single bell-shaped fruit. The shell has five ridges, one per branch, hanging down like a lantern. Zhang Yuxi stated: People in Guanzhong call it Luoshen Zhu (Luo Shen Pearl), also known as Wangmu Zhu (Queen Mother Pearl). Li Bai's lyrics mention "Su Nu Mingzhu" (Pure Woman Bright Pearl), Wang Qi's fu mentions "Untying those pearl tassels." *Shengji Zonglu* records its use for treating uterine heat in women. Poetry cites "Xiansheng Rudie" (resembling a lamb's birth), and the *Book of Rites* mentions "Parents gave life whole."
[Purple Shen / Codonopsis]
Bitter, acrid, cold. Indicated for accumulations and masses in the heart and abdomen, pathogenic cold-heat, opening the nine orifices, and promoting urination and defecation. Also known as Mumeng. Grows in mountains and valleys.
In the Sanfu region, fragrance is secluded; green and red colors fill the valleys. Flying feathers flutter, cloven-hoofed animals trample. Accumulating densely in yin shadows, hard masses in the heart and abdomen are dissolved. Roasting the root with fire warms it; purple light shines brightly.
Fan Jiran stated: Purple Shen comes from Sanfu; green and red colors are best. Qian Qi's preface states: "Purple Shen has secluded fragrance." Five petals connected at the calyx, resembling flying bird wings. Zhang Heng's fu writes: "Many birds flutter." Su Gong stated: Leaves resemble shepherd's purse (or dock). He Xun's Seven Invocations write: "Pushing left and kicking right." Li Shizhen stated: Both flavor and aroma are strong, belonging to Yin and sinking. Zhen Quan stated: Treats hardness and distension in the heart and abdomen. Su Song stated: Harvest roots in March, roast with fire until purple. Liu Zongyuan in *Jin Wen* writes: "Sunlight shines brightly."