味苦寒。主五脏邪气。厌谷。胃痹。久服安心。益气聪察。少卧。轻身耐老。一名荼
草。一名选。生山谷。
菜美天香。游冬景迈。黄讹龙葵。白猜马薤。和米炊香。浮羹嚼快。如荠如饴。苦甘深
喟。
李时珍曰。一名天香菜。埤雅。此草经冬不凋。故名游冬。傅休弈歌。岁晏景迈。颜氏
家训
。江南别有苦菜。乃尔雅 黄 也。河北谓之龙葵。梁世讲礼者。以此当之大误。兼明书
月令。孟夏苦菜秀。孔颖达云。菜似马薤而花白。味极苦。今验四月秀者。野人呼为苦 。
春初取煮和米粉作饼食之。月令所书苦菜。即苦 也。颖达所见。别是一物。不可引以解此
。黄正色诗。嫩绿浮羹 让滑。王恽诗。今朝过喜一嚼快。诗。谁谓荼苦。其甘如荠。又堇
荼
如饴。李祁诗。幽然发深喟。
味苦平寒。主寒热。鼠 。恶创。疽痔。死肌。杀精物。恶鬼邪气。百虫毒胜五兵。
炼食之。轻身神仙。一名黄金石。生山谷。
丹雄蕴石。精结阳峦。五兵制胜。百毒除残。威申虎爪。色映鸡冠。桃枝辟禳。怪祟奚
千。
吴普曰。生山之阳。是丹之雄。唐书传。苏 居中制胜。吴志传。周瑜除残去秽。葛洪
曰。
女人病邪。雄黄松脂熔化。以虎爪搅之。夜烧取愈。苏恭曰。宕昌武都者佳。块方数寸。明
彻如鸡冠。集简方。家有邪气者。雄黄水。以东南桃枝。咒洒满屋则绝迹。易林。家多怪祟
。
【苦菜】
味苦，性寒。主治五脏的邪气。缓解食欲不振（厌谷）。治疗胃痹。长期服用能使心神安宁。增强体力，使听觉视觉灵敏，减少睡眠需求。使人身体轻便，延缓衰老。又名荼草。又名选。生长在山谷中。
蔬菜美味，天空飘香。游冬景色漫长。黄讹龙葵，白猜马薤。与米同煮香气四溢，浮羹咀嚼爽口。像荠菜一样，像饴糖一样甜。苦甘深叹。
李时珍说：又名天香菜。《埤雅》记载：这种草经过冬天不凋谢，所以叫游冬。傅休弈的歌谣：“岁晏景迈”。《颜氏家训》提到：江南另有苦菜，就是《尔雅》中的“黄”。河北称为龙葵。梁代讲礼的人，用这个来对应，是大错特错。《兼明书》引用《月令》：“孟夏苦菜秀”。孔颖达说：菜像马薤但花是白色的，味道极苦。现在验证四月开花的，野人称为苦葈。春初采摘煮烂和米粉做饼吃。《月令》所写的苦菜，就是苦葈。孔颖达所见的是另一种东西，不能引用它来解释此物。《黄正色诗》：“嫩绿浮羹让滑”。王恽诗：“今朝过喜一嚼快”。诗云：“谁谓荼苦，其甘如荠”。又“堇荼如饴”。李祁诗：“幽然发深喟”。
【雄黄】
味苦，性平寒。主治寒热病。鼠瘘。恶疮。疽痔。死肌。杀死寄生虫。驱除恶鬼邪气。百虫毒胜过五兵。炼过后食用。使人身体轻便，成仙。又名黄金石。生长在山谷中。
丹雄蕴藏于石中，精华凝结在阳山峦。五兵制胜，百毒除残。威势如虎爪，颜色映照鸡冠。桃枝辟邪禳灾，怪异祟害何止千万。
吴普说：生长在山的南面，是丹砂的雄性。《唐书传》记载：苏定方居中制胜。《吴志传》记载：周瑜除残去秽。葛洪说：女人患邪病，用雄黄和松脂熔化，用虎爪搅拌，夜间烧取治愈。苏恭说：宕昌、武都产的最好。块状几寸见方，明亮透彻如鸡冠。《集简方》记载：家中有邪气的，用雄黄水，以东南方向的桃枝，念咒洒满屋子则绝迹。《易林》说：家里多怪异祟害。
[Kucai (Bitter Vegetable)]
Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. It governs the pathogenic factors of the five Zang organs. Relieves anorexia (loss of appetite). Treats Wei Bi (stomach obstruction). Long-term consumption calms the mind. Enhances vitality, sharpens hearing and vision, reduces the need for sleep. Makes the body light and delays aging. Also known as Tucha. Also known as Xuan. Grows in mountain valleys.
The vegetable is delicious, the sky is fragrant. The scenery of Youdong lasts long. Huang'e Longkui, Bai Cai Maye. Cooked with rice, it is fragrant; floating soup is refreshing to chew. Like shepherd's purse, like maltose sweet. Bitter and sweet, deep sighs.
Li Shizhen says: Also known as Tianxiang Cai. *Piya* records: This grass does not wither after winter, hence named Youdong. Fu Xiuyi's song: "Suiyan Jingmai". *Yanshi Jiaxun* mentions: In Jiangnan, there is another bitter vegetable, which is 'Huang' in *Erya*. In Hebei, it is called Longkui. Scholars of rites in the Liang Dynasty used this to correspond, which was a major error. *Jianmingshu* cites *Yueling*: "In early summer, Kucai blooms." Kong Yingda said: The vegetable resembles Maye but has white flowers, and tastes extremely bitter. Current verification shows that those blooming in April are called Kuxi by wild people. Picked in early spring, boiled, mixed with rice flour to make cakes. The Kucai written in *Yueling* is indeed Kuxi. What Kong Yingda saw was a different thing, which cannot be cited to explain this one. *Huang Zhengse Shi*: "Tender green floating soup makes it slippery." Wang Yun's poem: "Today I am overjoyed to chew once." Poetry says: "Who says Tu is bitter? Its sweetness is like shepherd's purse." Again: "Jin Tu is like maltose." Li Qi's poem: "Deep sighs arise quietly."
[Xionghuang (Realgar)]
Taste: bitter. Nature: neutral and cold. Governs chills and fever. Shulou (scrofula). Malignant sores. Abscesses and hemorrhoids. Necrotic tissue. Kills parasites. Expels evil ghosts and pathogenic factors. Superior to military weapons against hundred insect poisons. After refining and consuming, it makes the body light and leads to immortality. Also known as Huangjins. Grows in mountain valleys.
Dan Xiong is hidden in stone, essence condenses on sunny peaks. Military weapons achieve victory, hundred toxins are eliminated. Might extends like tiger claws, color reflects rooster combs. Peach wood wards off evil, how can strange spirits count in thousands?
Wu Pu says: Grows on the sunny side of mountains, it is the male aspect of Cinnabar. *Book of Tang* records: Su Dingfang achieved victory from the center. *Records of Wu* records: Zhou Yu eliminated filth and impurities. Ge Hong says: For women suffering from evil diseases, melt Realgar and Pine resin, stir with a tiger claw, burn at night to obtain the cure. Su Gong says: Those from Dangchang and Wudu are the best. Block-shaped, several inches square, bright and clear like a rooster comb. *Jijian Fang* records: If the home has evil factors, use Realgar water, take peach wood from the southeast direction, chant spells and sprinkle throughout the house to eliminate traces. *Yilin* says: Many strange spirits haunt the home.