味甘。主消渴身大热呕吐诸痹。起阴气。解诸毒。葛谷主下利十岁以上。一名鸡齐根
。生川谷。
鸡齐鹿藿。庇本繁滋。臂伸蜷曲。 绝纷披。累依桂树。枯花萱枝。秋登谷似。龆龀扶
羸。
名医曰。一名鹿藿。左传注。葛 庇其本根。 蔓繁滋者。以本枝荫庇之多。苏颂曰。
根形
大如手臂。庾信表。一枝蜷曲。苏恭曰。葛根入土五六寸以上者名葛 。有微毒。服之令人
吐
。说苑。王 悬躯绝 。许有壬诗。筐 荐纷披。刘向九叹。葛 累于桂树兮。张时彻诗。
愿留枯根株。化作萱花枝。李时珍曰。葛谷是实。八九月采之。诗。式谷似之。庾信碑。未
逾龆龀。宋史传。李渎扶羸养疾。
味苦寒。主消渴身热。烦满大热。补虚安中。续绝伤。一名地蒌。生川谷及山阴。
果 兼名。幽根蟠结。粉沁秋霜。花霏瑞雪。枯润津回。阴纯体洁。入夏筋凝。毒防卤
啮。
李时珍曰。栝蒌即果裸转音。木上曰果。地下曰 。此物蔓生附木。故得兼名。洁白如
雪。
故名瑞雪。苏颂曰。一名天花粉。沈约诗。幽根未蟠结。成无己曰。润枯燥而通行津液。
李
杲曰。纯阴解烦渴。傅咸赋。体洁性真。李时珍曰。夏月掘者有筋无粉。不堪用。名医曰。
生卤地者有毒。
味苦寒。主心腹结气。症瘕积聚。黄胆。溺有余沥。逐水除痈肿。补中明目止泪。一
名水槐。一名苦 。生山谷及田野。
骈茎三五。萌 春催。 名别菜。叶类骄槐。疏风齿固。遏气腰 。患增偏胜。化变心
裁。
苏颂曰。根三五茎并生。春生冬凋。李时珍曰。与菜苦 同名异物。陶弘景曰。叶极似
槐叶
。别录。一名骄槐。史记传。齐大夫病龋齿。以苦参汤日漱三升。出入其风。胡震亨曰。苦
参峻补阴或致腰重者。气降而不升也。
张从正曰。苦参久服必有偏胜气增之患。易。化而裁之谓之变。
【葛根】
味甘。主治消渴病（以多饮、多食、多尿、身体消瘦为特征的疾病）、身体高热、呕吐以及各种痹证（经络阻滞不通引起的疼痛麻木）。能升发阴气，解除各种毒素。葛谷（葛的种子）主治腹泻十年以上的久痢。又名鸡齐根。生长在川谷地带。
鸡齐鹿藿。它的根部遮蔽在底部繁茂滋长。手臂伸展或蜷曲。断绝了纷乱披散的状态。层层依附于桂树。枯萎的花朵如同萱草的枝条。秋天成熟的谷物相似。儿童扶持体弱之人。
名医说。又名鹿藿。《左传》注解说。葛遮蔽它的根本。蔓生植物繁茂滋长是因为枝干荫庇众多。苏颂说。根部形状大如手臂。庾信表文中提到一枝蜷曲。苏恭说。葛根入土五六寸以上的称为葛藤，有微毒，服用会让人呕吐。《说苑》记载。王悬躯绝息。许有壬诗中提到筐中盛放纷乱的葛叶。刘向《九叹》中说。葛藤缠绕在桂树上啊。张时彻诗中说。愿留下枯死的根株。化作萱花的枝条。李时珍说。葛谷是果实，八九月采集。《诗经》中说“式谷似之”。庾信碑文中提到未过龆龀之年。《宋史》传记中记载李渎扶羸养疾。
【栝蒌根】
味苦寒。主治消渴病、身体发热、烦闷、大热。补虚损，安定中焦。接续绝伤。又名地蒌。生长在川谷及山阴之地。
果实兼有名号。幽深的根部盘结。粉末沁润如秋霜。花朵纷飞如瑞雪。干枯后滋润津液回归。阴纯体质洁净。进入夏天筋脉凝结。防止有毒卤虫啃咬。
李时珍说。栝蒌即果裸转音。木上叫果，地下叫蒌。这种植物蔓生依附树木，所以得兼名。洁白如雪。所以名叫瑞雪。苏颂说。又名天花粉。沈约诗中说。幽深的根部尚未盘结。成无己说。滋润枯燥并通行津液。李杲说。纯阴之性解除烦渴。傅咸赋中说。体质洁净本性纯真。李时珍说。夏天挖掘的有筋无粉，不堪使用。名医说。生长在盐碱地的有毒。
【苦参】
味苦寒。主治心腹结气、症瘕积聚（腹内结块，固定不移，痛有定处）、黄疸、小便淋漓不尽。逐水邪，消除痈肿。补中气，明目止泪。又名水槐。又名苦 。生长在山谷及田野。
茎秆并列三五根。萌芽春天催发。名字区别于蔬菜。叶子类似骄槐。疏风固齿。遏制气机腰部不适。患病增加偏胜之气。变化裁断于心。
苏颂说。根部三五茎并生。春天生长冬天凋谢。李时珍说。与菜中的苦 同名异物。陶弘景说。叶子极像槐叶。《别录》记载。又名骄槐。《史记》传记记载。齐国大夫患龋齿，用苦参汤每天漱口三升。出入其风。胡震亨说。苦参峻补阴可能导致腰重，因为气降而不升。张从正说。苦参久服必有偏胜气增之患。《易经》说。化而裁之谓之变。
[Ge Gen (Kudzu Root)]
The flavor is sweet. It primarily treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome, characterized by excessive thirst, hunger, urination, and emaciation), high fever of the body, vomiting, and various Bi syndromes (pain and numbness caused by obstruction of meridians). It can raise Yin Qi (Yin energy) and resolve various toxins. Ge Gu (the seed of Kudzu) primarily treats chronic diarrhea lasting more than ten years. It is also known as Ji Qi Gen. It grows in river valleys.
Ji Qi Lu Huo. Its root covers the base where it luxuriantly proliferates. Arms extend or curl. It cuts off the chaotic and sprawling state. Layer upon layer, it clings to the cassia tree. Withered flowers resemble daylily branches. In autumn, it resembles mature grains. Children support those who are frail.
Famous physicians say: It is also called Lu Huo. The commentary on *Zuo Zhuan* states: "Kudzu covers its root." Vining plants proliferate luxuriantly because their branches provide abundant shade. Su Song says: The root is as large as an arm. Yu Xin's memorial mentions "a single curled branch." Su Gong says: Kudzu roots that penetrate the soil more than five or six cun are named Ge Teng (Kudzu vine); they have slight toxicity, and ingestion causes vomiting. *Shuo Yuan* records: "Wang Xuan suspended his body and cut off his breath." Xu Youren's poem mentions "baskets filled with scattered kudzu leaves." Liu Xiang's *Nine Laments* states: "Kudzu vines cling to the cassia trees." Zhang Shiche's poem says: "I wish to leave the withered root stock, transforming it into daylily branches." Li Shizhen says: Ge Gu is the fruit; it is harvested in the eighth and ninth months. The *Classic of Poetry* says, "Like grain." Yu Xin's stele inscription mentions "before reaching the age of changing teeth" (childhood). *History of Song* biography records Li Du supporting the frail to nurture illness.
[Gua Lou Gen (Trichosanthes Root)]
The flavor is bitter and cold. It primarily treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), bodily heat, irritability and fullness, and severe heat. It tonifies deficiency, calms the Middle Jiao (middle burner), and reconnects severed injuries. It is also known as Di Lou. It grows in river valleys and shady mountain slopes.
The fruit bears a dual name. Deep roots coil and knot. Powder seeps like autumn frost. Flowers flutter like auspicious snow. When dry, it restores fluids. Pure Yin constitution, clean nature. Entering summer, sinews congeal. Prevents toxic halophytic insects from biting.
Li Shizhen says: Gua Lou is a phonetic shift from Guo Luo. Above ground is Guo, underground is Lou. This plant climbs trees via vines, hence the dual name. White as snow. Hence named Rui Xue (Auspicious Snow). Su Song says: Also known as Tian Hua Fen (Heavenly Flower Powder). Shen Yue's poem says: "Deep roots not yet coiled." Cheng Wuji says: Moistens dryness and unblocks fluid circulation. Li Gao says: Pure Yin nature resolves irritability and thirst. Fu Xian's ode says: "Clean constitution, true nature." Li Shizhen says: Those dug in summer have sinews but no starch, and are unusable. Famous physicians say: Those growing in saline land are toxic.
[Ku Shen (Sophora Root)]
The flavor is bitter and cold. It primarily treats stagnation of Qi in the heart and abdomen, Zheng Jia Ji Ju (masses and accumulations—fixed abdominal lumps with definite pain), jaundice, and dribbling urine. It expels water retention, eliminates carbuncles and swellings. It tonifies the center, brightens the eyes, and stops tearing. It is also known as Shui Huai (Water Locust) and Ku [missing character]. It grows in valleys and fields.
Stems grow in clusters of three to five. Sprouts emerge in spring. Named differently from vegetables. Leaves resemble Jiao Huai (Proud Locust). Disperses wind, strengthens teeth. Restrains Qi, alleviates waist discomfort. Illness increases biased excess. Transformation and adjustment originate in the mind.
Su Song says: Roots grow in clusters of three to five stems. They sprout in spring and wither in winter. Li Shizhen says: It shares the name with the vegetable Ku [missing character] but is a different substance. Tao Hongjing says: Leaves look extremely similar to locust leaves. *Bie Lu* records: Also known as Jiao Huai. *Records of the Grand Historian* biography records: A minister of Qi suffered from tooth decay and rinsed with Ku Shen decoction three sheng daily. Wind enters and exits. Hu Zhenheng says: Ku Shen strongly tonifies Yin but may cause heavy sensation in the waist because Qi descends rather than ascends. Zhang Congzheng says: Long-term use of Ku Shen inevitably leads to biased excess Qi. The *I Ching* says: "Transformation and adjustment constitute change."