味辛温。主鬼注。蛊毒。啖诸蛇虫鱼毒。杀鬼物。老精温疟。去三虫。生山谷。
冬寒闭蛰。春暖昭苏。赤连歧尾。黑簇双须。禁施荒虺。畏制垂蛛。误攫毒啮。桑沃盐
涂。
左传。闭蛰而蒸。礼。蛰虫昭苏。李时珍曰。蜈蚣冬蛰春出。歧尾双须。韩保升曰。黑
头。赤
足者良。博物志。蛇虺见之。而蟠伏似施禁法。沈 期诗。截荒虺。鹤林玉露。蜘蛛以溺射
之即死。苏轼诗。落月出柳看垂蛛。陶弘景曰。被啮者。以桑汁白盐涂之。
味咸平。主逐恶血。瘀血。月闭。破血瘕。积聚。无子。利水道。生池泽。
三断三成。清泠水性。卤汁携行。寒菹任病。龟宅安归。鲛巢莫令。一纪超形。人功物
命。
博物志。水蛭三断而成三物。白居易诗。清泠由水性。陶弘景曰。蛭有数种以水中者为
佳。
李时珍曰。山行。携茧卤汁一筒。避诸蛭。新书。楚惠王食寒菹而得蛭。遂吞之。病不为伤
。嵇康诗。坎井蝤蛭宅。神龟安所归。王令诗。蛟龙宜自宅。蚓蛭莫令巢。神仙传。桓君谓
陶隐居曰。君修本草。用虻虫水蛭辈为药。功虽及人。而害物命。以此一纪后方得解形。
味辛寒。主寒热鬼注。蛊毒鼠 。恶创疽蚀。死肌。破石癃。一名龙尾。生川谷。
四时变化。蝥刺当秋。喙尖赤注。甲画斑留。豆花凉晚。蓝汁香浮。曾闻采葛。亭长前
修。
古诗。四时更变化。李时珍曰。一名 蝥。言其毒如矛刺也。春秋繁露。怒气为清而当
秋。
雷论。斑蝥甲上一画黄。一画黑。嘴尖处。有一小赤点。在豆叶上食豆汁。孟淑卿诗。豆
花雨过晚生凉。李时珍曰。中斑蝥毒者。以蓝靛汁解之。范成大诗。生香风外浮。太平御览
。春食莞花为莞青。夏食葛花为亭长。秋食豆花为斑蝥。冬入地中为地胆。苏颂曰。四虫皆
是一类。随时变化耳。贾逵书。景仰前修。
【蜈蚣】
味辛，性温。主治鬼注（一种以身体消瘦、精神恍惚为特征的疾病）、蛊毒、各种蛇虫鱼类的毒性。能杀灭鬼魅异物，治疗顽固性的疟疾，去除体内的寄生虫。生长在山谷中。
冬季寒冷时封闭蛰伏，春暖时苏醒活动。身体红色，尾部歧分；黑色头部，长着双须。在荒野毒蛇面前能使其禁伏不动，令垂下的蜘蛛畏惧。若误被咬伤中毒，可用桑汁和白盐涂抹治疗。
《左传》记载：“闭蛰而蒸。”《礼记》记载：“蛰虫昭苏。”李时珍说：蜈蚣冬天蛰伏春天出来，尾巴歧分，长着双须。韩保升说：黑头赤足的药效好。《博物志》记载：蛇虺见到它，就盘曲伏地，好像被施了禁法一样。沈佺期的诗写道：“截荒虺。”《鹤林玉露》记载：蜘蛛用尿液喷射蜈蚣，蜈蚣就会死亡。苏轼的诗写道：“落月出柳看垂蛛。”陶弘景说：被蜈蚣咬伤的人，用桑树的汁液混合白盐涂抹伤口。
【水蛭】
味咸，性平。主治驱逐恶血、瘀血、经闭不通，破除血瘕和积聚，治疗不孕症，通利水道。生长在池泽之中。
身体被切断三次仍能变成三个活体，具有清澈流动的水性。依靠卤汁携带行动。吃腌菜导致生病吞下蛭子反而无碍，神龟的宅穴不应让鲛人巢穴占据。修行一纪之后超脱形体，人为用药却伤害物命。
《博物志》记载：水蛭被切断三次能变成三个生物。白居易的诗写道：“清泠由水性。”陶弘景说：水蛭有好几种，生活在水中的为佳。李时珍说：在山中行走，带上一筒卤汁，可以躲避各种水蛭。《新书》记载：楚惠王吃腌菜时得到水蛭，便吞了下去，病却没有因此受伤。嵇康的诗写道：“坎井蝤蛭宅，神龟安所归？”王令的诗写道：“蛟龙宜自宅，蚓蛭莫令巢。”《神仙传》记载：桓君对陶隐居说：“您编写本草，使用虻虫、水蛭这类药物，功效虽然惠及人类，但伤害物命，因此要过一纪之后才能解脱形体。”
【斑蝥】
味辛，性寒。主治寒热鬼注、蛊毒、鼠瘘、恶疮疽蚀、死肌、石癃。又名龙尾。生长在川谷之中。
四季变化，蝥刺对应秋季。嘴尖处颜色赤红，甲壳上有斑纹痕迹。豆花清凉晚开，蓝汁香气浮动。曾听说采摘葛草，亭长在前修饰。
古诗写道：“四时更变化。”李时珍说：又名蝥，说它的毒气像矛刺一样。《春秋繁露》记载：“怒气为清而当秋。”雷敩的《雷论》记载：斑蝥甲壳上有一道黄纹，一道黑纹，嘴尖处有一个小红点。它在豆叶上吃豆汁。孟淑卿的诗写道：“豆花雨过晚生凉。”李时珍说：中了斑蝥毒的人，用蓝靛汁解毒。范成大的诗写道：“生香风外浮。”《太平御览》记载：春天吃莞花成为莞青，夏天吃葛花成为亭长，秋天吃豆花成为斑蝥，冬天钻入地下成为地胆。苏颂说：这四种虫子都是一类，只是随着时间变化罢了。贾逵的书写道：“景仰前修。”
[Peripatus]
Taste: Acrid, Warm. Indications: Ghostly fixation (a disease characterized by emaciation and mental confusion), Gu poison, toxicity from various snakes, insects, and fish. Kills malevolent entities, treats stubborn malaria, eliminates intestinal parasites. Grows in mountain valleys.
During winter cold, it closes and hibernates; with spring warmth, it awakens and revives. Red body with a forked tail; black head with double antennae. It can suppress wild venomous snakes and instill fear in hanging spiders. If accidentally bitten and poisoned, treat with mulberry juice and salt applied topically.
The *Zuo Zhuan* records: "Closing hibernation during the steaming heat." The *Book of Rites* records: "Hibernating insects awaken and revive." Li Shizhen states: Peripatus hibernates in winter and emerges in spring, possessing a forked tail and double antennae. Han Baosheng states: Those with black heads and red legs are superior. The *Bao Wu Zhi* records: Snakes and vipers see it and coil down as if under a suppression spell. Shen Taoqi's poem mentions: "Cutting off wild vipers." *Helin Yulu* records: Spiders shoot urine at peripatus, killing it instantly. Su Shi's poem mentions: "Watching hanging spiders under the setting moon." Tao Hongjing states: For those bitten, apply mulberry juice mixed with white salt to the wound.
[Leech]
Taste: Salty, Neutral. Indications: Drives away foul blood, blood stasis, amenorrhea, breaks blood masses and accumulations, treats infertility, promotes urination. Grows in ponds and marshes.
Severed three times yet becomes three living beings; possesses the nature of clear flowing water. Carries halite solution for movement. Illness caused by eating pickles is cured by swallowing leeches; the dwelling of the divine turtle should not be occupied by the nest of sharks. After one cycle of twelve years, one transcends form; human medical practice harms living creatures.
The *Bao Wu Zhi* records: A leech severed three times becomes three organisms. Bai Juyi's poem states: "Clarity comes from its water nature." Tao Hongjing states: There are several types of leeches, those found in water are best. Li Shizhen states: When traveling in mountains, carry a tube of halite solution to repel all leeches. The *Xin Shu* records: King Hui of Chu swallowed a leech found in his pickled vegetables, and his illness was not harmed by it. Ji Kang's poem states: "The dwelling of the worm and leech in the well pit, where does the divine turtle return?" Wang Ling's poem states: "Dragons should dwell in their own homes, let worms and leeches not nest there." The *Shen Xian Zhuan* records: Huan Jun told Tao Yinju: "You compile Materia Medica using medicines like horseflies and leeches. Although the merit benefits humans, it harms living things. Therefore, you must wait one cycle of twelve years to achieve liberation of form."
[Mylabris / Blister Beetle]
Taste: Acrid, Cold. Indications: Treats chills and fever, ghostly fixation, Gu poison, scrofula, malignant sores and ulcerations, necrotic tissue, lithiasis with strangury. Also known as Dragon Tail. Grows in river valleys.
Changes through the four seasons; the sting corresponds to autumn. Sharp red mouthparts; markings on the shell. Cool bean flowers bloom late; indigo juice floats with fragrance. Once heard of gathering kudzu vines, the pavilion master previously cultivated them.
Ancient poems state: "The four seasons change alternately." Li Shizhen states: Also known as Mao, implying its toxicity is like a spear thrust. The *Chun Qiu Fan Lu* records: "Anger manifests as clarity and corresponds to autumn." Lei Xiao's *Lei Lun* records: On the shell of Mylabris, there is one yellow stripe and one black stripe; at the tip of the mouth, there is a small red dot. It feeds on bean sap while on bean leaves. Meng Shuqing's poem states: "After the rain over bean flowers, coolness arises late." Li Shizhen states: Those poisoned by Mylabris can be detoxified with indigo juice. Fan Chengda's poem states: "Fragrant scent floats beyond the wind." The *Taiping Yulan* records: In spring, eating Guan flowers makes it Guan Qing; in summer, eating Ge flowers makes it Tingzhang; in autumn, eating bean flowers makes it Banmao; in winter, burrowing underground makes it Didan. Su Song states: These four insects are of the same kind, merely changing according to time. Jia Kui's book states: "Admiring the predecessors."