味辛平。主风寒温疟。热气。诸痫。除邪。利大小便。一名解离。生川谷。
如葛延缘。水驱风障。辐解文分。茎通气壮。险健思防。敌仇善将。丁足腥闻。木强弗
尚。
李当之曰。其根如葛蔓延。陈藏器曰。治风用木防己。治水用汉防己。苏颂曰。破之文
作车
辐解。茎甚嫩。折其茎。一头吹之。气从中贯。如木通然。
李杲曰。防己如险健之人。首为乱阶。若善用之。亦可御敌。易。君子以思患而豫防之。
黄
庭
坚诗。不战者善将。雷 论。凡使。勿用黄腥皮皱有丁足者。书。腥闻在上。陶弘景曰。黑
点木强者不佳。
味辛温。主咳逆上气。善喘。喉痹。诸惊痫。寒热邪气。一名橐吾。一名颗冻。一
名虎须。一名兔奚。生山谷。
类形 茆。保质三冬。兔奚钻冻。蜂斗能容。丰肥萼直。茂悦冰封。阴蒸阳煦。心似寒
松。
陶弘景曰。其形如宿 。诗疏。茆江东人。谓之 。傅咸赋。独保质而全角。李时珍曰。
一
名钻冻。苏颂曰。十二月开花。黄青紫萼。初出如菊花。通直而肥。又有红花。叶如荷而斗
直。大者容一升。小者容数合。俗呼蜂斗叶。述征记。洛水款冬花。茂悦层冰之中。郭璞赞
。阳煦阴蒸。苏轼诗。知君心似后雕松。
味辛寒。主寒热。中风。螈 痉惊痫。邪气。除症坚。瘀血留舍肠胃。安五脏。疗痈
创。一名鹿韭。一名鼠妇。生山谷。
百两精金。丹延植盛。荆棘同俦。琅 是竞。艳思移姿。真香失性。枯燥形全。四经顺
令。
陶弘景曰。土人谓之百两金。李时珍曰。丹州延州以西。及褒斜道中最多。与荆棘无异。
其
根
入药最良。白居易诗。根本是琅 。苏颂曰。世人欲花之诡异。秋冬移接。培以壤土。至春
盛
开。其状百变。其根性殊失本真。不可入药。温庭筠诗。裁成艳思偏应巧。苏轼诗。真香亦
竟空。苏颂曰。山牡丹。茎梗枯燥。李时珍曰。治手足少阴厥阴四经伏火。
【防己】
味辛，性平。主治风寒引起的温疟、热气、各种痫证。能祛除邪气，通利大小便。别名解离。生长在川谷地带。
它的形态像葛藤一样蔓延攀缘。水驱风障（形容其茎干挺拔如屏障），纹理像车辐条一样分散开来。茎干通气且强壮。险健之人善于防备，敌仇面前是优秀的将领。（注：此处为嵌名诗，暗含“防己”二字及特性）丁足腥闻（形容根部特征），木质强硬者不被推崇。
李当之说：它的根像葛藤一样蔓延生长。陈藏器说：治疗风疾用木防己，治疗水湿用汉防己。苏颂说：折断它，断面纹理像车轮的辐条散开。茎非常嫩，折断茎的一端吹气，气流能从中间贯通，就像木通一样。
李杲说：防己就像险健的人，如果首恶不除会成为祸乱的开端，但如果善于使用它，也可以抵御敌人。《易经》说：“君子因此要思考祸患并预先防备。”黄庭坚的诗说：“不战而屈人之兵才是善用的将领。”雷斅在《雷公炮炙论》中说：凡使用防己，不要用那些皮皱有丁状突起、气味腥臭的。书中记载腥味在上部明显。陶弘景说：黑点多、木质强硬的不佳。
【款冬花】
味辛，性温。主治咳嗽气逆、容易气喘、喉痹、各种惊痫、寒热邪气。别名橐吾、颗冻、虎须、兔奚。生长在山谷中。
形状类似莼菜（或指其叶片形态），保持品质度过三个冬天。兔奚钻透冰冻，蜂斗花能容纳花朵。花萼丰肥挺直，茂盛喜悦地覆盖在冰封之上。阴气蒸腾，阳气温暖，花心像耐寒的松树一样坚定。
陶弘景说：它的形状像宿存的某种草本植物（原文缺字，据考证多指其叶形）。《诗经疏》说：江东人叫它某种草。傅咸赋说：独自保持品质并保全角状花苞。李时珍说：别名钻冻。苏颂说：十二月开花，花萼呈黄、青、紫色。刚出来时像菊花，通直而肥厚。又有红花品种，叶子像荷叶但直立。大的能容纳一升，小的能容纳几合。俗称为蜂斗叶。《述征记》记载：洛水的款冬花，茂盛地处于层层冰层之中。郭璞赞曰：阳气温煦，阴气蒸腾。苏轼诗说：知道你内心像那后凋的松树一样坚贞。
【牡丹】
味辛，性寒。主治寒热、中风、抽搐痉挛惊痫、邪气。能消除症坚积聚，去除停留在肠胃的瘀血。安养五脏。治疗痈疮。别名鹿韭、鼠妇。生长在山谷中。
百两精金，丹州延州种植茂盛。与荆棘同类竞争，像琅玕一样竞相美丽。艳丽的心思改变姿态，真正的香气失去本性。形体干枯完整，顺应四季经气的时令。
陶弘景说：当地人叫它百两金。李时珍说：丹州、延州以西，以及褒斜道中最多。它与荆棘无异。它的根入药效果最好。白居易诗说：根本是琅玕玉。苏颂说：世人想要看到它诡异的花朵，就在秋冬时节移接，用壤土培护，到春天盛开。形状千变万化。但其根部性质已经失去了本真，不能入药。温庭筠诗说：裁成艳丽的思绪偏偏应工巧。苏轼诗说：真正的香气竟然空无。苏颂说：山牡丹，茎梗干枯。李时珍说：用于治疗手足少阴、厥阴四经的伏火。
[Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma)]
Pungent in flavor, neutral in nature. Primarily treats warm malaria caused by wind-cold, heat qi, and various epilepsy syndromes. It eliminates pathogenic factors and promotes the free flow of urination and defecation. Also known as Jielie. Grows in river valleys.
Its morphology resembles Pueraria lobata (Kudzu) in its climbing and spreading habit. The stem stands tall like a windbreak; the cross-sectional texture radiates like spokes of a wheel. The stem facilitates Qi circulation and is robust. Like a daring and capable person who prepares for danger, or a skilled general against enemies. The root has distinct tubercles and a fishy odor; those with hard, woody texture are not preferred.
Li Dangzhi stated: Its rhizome spreads like Kudzu. Chen Cangqi stated: For treating Wind disorders, use Mu Fangji (Stephania cephalantha); for treating Water retention, use Han Fangji (Stephania tetrandra). Su Song stated: When broken, the internal pattern resembles the spokes of a chariot wheel. The stem is very tender; if one end is broken and blown into, air passes through the center, similar to Tongseng (Akebiae Caulis).
Li Gao stated: Fangji is like a bold individual; if misused, it may become the cause of chaos, but if used skillfully, it can defend against enemies. The I Ching states: "The superior man contemplates potential disasters and takes precautions." Huang Tingjian's poem says: "He who does not fight is the best general." Lei Xiao in *Lei Gong Pao Zhi Lun* stated: When processing, do not use those that are wrinkled, have tubercles, and smell fishy. Texts note the fishy odor is prominent at the top. Tao Hongjing stated: Those with many black spots and hard wood are inferior.
[Kuandonghua (Farfarae Flos)]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. Primarily treats cough with rebellious Qi, frequent asthma, throat obstruction (Houbi), various convulsive epilepsy, and cold-heat pathogenic factors. Also known as Tuowu, Kedong, Huxu, and Tuxi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Its shape resembles water shield (Ottelia acuminata); it maintains its quality through three winters. Tuxi drills through frozen ice; the honeycomb-shaped flower head can accommodate the bloom. The calyx is plump and straight; lush and joyful amidst the ice cover. Yin steams, Yang warms; the heart resembles the pine tree that remains green after other trees have shed their leaves.
Tao Hongjing stated: Its shape resembles certain perennial herbs. The commentary on the *Classic of Poetry* notes that people in Jiangdong call it a specific herb. Fu Xian's ode states: "It alone preserves its integrity and keeps its horn-like bud." Li Shizhen stated: Another name is Zuandong. Su Song stated: It blooms in the twelfth lunar month; the calyx is yellow, green, or purple. Initially emerging like chrysanthemum flowers, it is straight and plump. There is also a red-flowered variety with leaves resembling lotus but standing upright. Large ones can hold one sheng, small ones several ge. Commonly called Fengdouye (Honeycomb Leaf). *Shuzheng Ji* records: Kuandonghua from the Luo River grows luxuriantly within layers of ice. Guo Pu's eulogy states: "Yang warms, Yin steams." Su Shi's poem says: "Knowing your heart is like the pine that withers last."
[Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex)]
Pungent in flavor, cold in nature. Primarily treats cold and heat, wind-stroke, spasms and convulsions, epilepsy, and pathogenic factors. It eliminates fixed masses (Zhengjian) and removes blood stasis lodged in the intestines and stomach. It calms the Five Viscera. It treats carbuncles and sores. Also known as Lijiu and Shufu. Grows in mountain valleys.
Like refined gold of a hundred taels; planted abundantly in Danzhou and Yanzhou. It competes among thorns and brambles, rivaling Langgan (mythical jade). Its beauty alters its form; its true fragrance loses its nature. The dried form remains intact, following the seasonal commands of the four meridians.
Tao Hongjing stated: Locals call it Bailiangjin (Hundred Taels of Gold). Li Shizhen stated: It is most abundant west of Danzhou and Yanzhou, and in the Baoxie Pass. It looks no different from thorns. Its root is the best part for medicinal use. Bai Juyi's poem says: "The root is like Langgan jade." Su Song stated: People desire its bizarre flowers, so they transplant them in autumn and winter, cultivating them in rich soil. By spring, they bloom profusely with ever-changing shapes. However, the root's nature has lost its original truth and is unsuitable for medicine. Wen Tingyun's poem says: "Cutting into beautiful thoughts, it seems particularly skillful." Su Shi's poem says: "The true fragrance turns out to be empty." Su Song stated: Shan Mudan (Wild Peony) has dry stems and branches. Li Shizhen stated: It is used to treat latent fire in the Shaoyin and Jueyin meridians of the hand and foot.