味咸，平。主青盲、目淫、肤赤、白膜、眼赤痛、泪出。久服，益精光（《太平御览》
引作理目珠精，理，即治字），轻身。生川泽。
《吴普》曰∶决明子，一名草决明，一名羊明（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶生龙门，石决明，生豫章，十月采，阴干百日。
案∶《广雅》云∶羊 ，英光也。又决明，羊明也；《尔雅》云∶ ，英光。
郭璞云∶英，明也。叶黄锐，赤花，实如山茱萸。陶弘景云∶形似马蹄决明。
味苦，微寒。主心腹邪气，肠鸣幽幽如走水，寒热积聚；破症除瘕，止烦满，益
气。一名却蝉草。生川谷。
《吴普》曰∶丹参，一名赤参，一名木羊乳，一名却蝉草。神农、桐君、黄帝、
雷公、扁鹊∶苦，无毒；李氏∶小寒。岐伯∶咸。生桐柏，或生太山山陵阴。茎花小方如荏
，毛、根赤，四月花紫，五月采根，阴干，治心腹痛（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名赤参，一名木羊乳，生桐柏山及太山，五月采根，曝干。
案∶《广雅》云∶却蝉，丹参也。
味苦，寒。主寒湿，风痹，黄胆，补中。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶可以染绛。一名地血，一名茹 ，一名茅搜，一名茜。生乔山。二月
、三月采根，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶茜，茅搜也。搜，茅搜，茹 。人血所生，可以染绛，从草从鬼。《
广雅》云∶地血，茹 ，茜也。《尔雅》云∶茹 ，茅鬼；郭璞云∶今茜也，可以染绛。
《毛诗》云∶茹 在阪。《传》云∶茹 ，茅搜也。陆玑云∶一名地血，齐人谓之茜，徐州
人谓之牛蔓。徐广注《史记》云∶茜，一名红蓝，其花染绘，赤黄也。按∶《名医》别出红
蓝条，非。
**决明子**
味咸，性平。主治青盲（眼目昏暗不明）、目淫（眼睑红肿溃烂或分泌物多）、肤赤（皮肤发红）、白膜（眼球表面生白膜）、眼赤痛（眼睛红痛）、泪出（流泪）。长期服用，能益精光（使眼睛明亮，据《太平御览》引文作“理目珠精”，“理”即“治”的意思），使身体轻健。生长在水边沼泽地带。
《吴普本草》说：决明子，又名草决明，又名羊明（出自《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》说：生长在龙门；石决明生长在豫章，十月采收，阴干一百天。
按语：《广雅》说：羊 ，就是英光。又说决明就是羊明；《尔雅》说： ，就是英光。郭璞说：英，就是明亮。叶子黄色且尖，开红花，果实像山茱萸。陶弘景说：形状像马蹄决明。
**丹参**
味苦，性微寒。主治心腹部的邪气，肠鸣声幽暗如同水流走动，寒热积聚；能破除症瘕（腹内结块），消除烦闷胀满，补益正气。又名却蝉草。生长在山川谷地。
《吴普本草》说：丹参，又名赤参，又名木羊乳，又名却蝉草。神农、桐君、黄帝、雷公、扁鹊认为：味苦，无毒；李氏认为：性小寒。岐伯认为：味咸。生长在桐柏山，或者生长在泰山山陵的北面。茎和花小而方，像荏草，有毛，根是红色的，四月开紫花，五月采挖根部，阴干，治疗心腹痛（出自《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》说：又名赤参，又名木羊乳，生长在桐柏山及泰山，五月采挖根部，晒干。
按语：《广雅》说：却蝉，就是丹参。
**茜根**
味苦，性寒。主治寒湿，风痹（风湿痹痛），黄疸，补益中焦脾胃。生长在山川谷地。
《名医别录》说：可以用来染深红色。又名地血，又名茹 （lú），又名茅搜，又名茜。生长在乔山。二月、三月采挖根部，阴干。
按语：《说文解字》说：茜，就是茅搜。搜，即茅搜，也就是茹 。是由人血所化生（古人迷信说法，指其色红如血），可以用来染深红色，字形从草从鬼。《广雅》说：地血，就是茹 ，就是茜。《尔雅》说：茹 ，就是茅鬼；郭璞说：就是现在的茜草，可以用来染深红色。《毛诗》说：茹 在山坡上。《传》解释说：茹 ，就是茅搜。陆玑说：又名地血，齐地人称它为茜，徐州人称它为牛蔓。徐广注释《史记》说：茜，又名红蓝，它的花用于染色，呈赤黄色。按：《名医别录》另外列出红蓝条目，这是错误的。
**Cassiae Semen (Jue Ming Zi)**
The taste is salty, and the nature is neutral. It primarily treats Qing Mang (dim vision or blindness with normal-appearing eyes), Mu Yin (redness, swelling, or excessive discharge of the eyelids), Fu Chi (redness of the skin), Bai Mo (white film on the eye surface), Yan Chi Tong (redness and pain of the eyes), and Lei Chu (tearing). Long-term ingestion benefits Jing Guang (brightens the eyes; according to *Taiping Yulan*, this is cited as "Li Mu Zhu Jing," where "Li" means "to treat") and lightens the body. It grows in marshes and wetlands.
*Wu Pu Ben Cao* states: Cassiae Semen is also known as Cao Jue Ming or Yang Ming (cited in *Taiping Yulan*).
*Ming Yi Bie Lu* states: It grows in Longmen. Shi Jue Ming grows in Yuzhang; it is harvested in the tenth month and dried in the shade for one hundred days.
Commentary: *Guang Ya* states: Yang refers to Ying Guang. It also states that Jue Ming is Yang Ming. *Er Ya* states: refers to Ying Guang. Guo Pu states: Ying means bright. The leaves are yellow and sharp-pointed, the flowers are red, and the fruit resembles Corni Fructus (Shan Zhu Yu). Tao Hongjing states: Its shape resembles Ma Ti Jue Ming.
**Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Dan Shen)**
The taste is bitter, and the nature is slightly cold. It primarily treats pathogenic factors in the heart and abdomen, intestinal borborygmus sounding like flowing water, and accumulation of cold and heat. It breaks Zheng Jia (abdominal masses), alleviates irritability and fullness, and supplements Qi. It is also known as Que Chan Cao. It grows in river valleys.
*Wu Pu Ben Cao* states: Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is also known as Chi Shen, Mu Yang Ru, or Que Chan Cao. Shen Nong, Tong Jun, Huang Di, Lei Gong, and Bian Que considered it bitter and non-toxic. Li Shi considered it slightly cold. Qi Bo considered it salty. It grows in Tongbai Mountain or on the northern slopes of Mount Tai. The stem and small square flowers resemble Perillae Folium (Ren Cao) and are hairy. The root is red. It flowers purple in the fourth month. The root is harvested in the fifth month, dried in the shade, and used to treat heart and abdominal pain (cited in *Taiping Yulan*).
*Ming Yi Bie Lu* states: It is also known as Chi Shen or Mu Yang Ru. It grows in Tongbai Mountain and Mount Tai. The root is harvested in the fifth month and sun-dried.
Commentary: *Guang Ya* states: Que Chan is Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.
**Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma (Qian Gen)**
The taste is bitter, and the nature is cold. It primarily treats cold-dampness, Feng Bi (wind-dampness bi syndrome/painful obstruction), Huang Dan (jaundice), and supplements the Middle Jiao (Spleen and Stomach). It grows in river valleys.
*Ming Yi Bie Lu* states: It can be used to dye crimson. It is also known as Di Xue, Ru (Lu), Mao Sou, or Qian. It grows in Qiao Mountain. The root is harvested in the second and third months and dried in the shade.
Commentary: *Shuo Wen Jie Zi* states: Qian is Mao Sou. Sou refers to Mao Sou, which is Ru . It is generated from human blood (an ancient superstition referring to its blood-red color) and can be used to dye crimson; its character consists of the grass radical and the ghost radical. *Guang Ya* states: Di Xue is Ru , which is Qian. *Er Ya* states: Ru is Mao Gui. Guo Pu states: This is the current Qian Cao, which can be used to dye crimson. *Mao Shi* states: Ru is on the slope. The commentary states: Ru is Mao Sou. Lu Ji states: It is also known as Di Xue. People of Qi call it Qian, and people of Xuzhou call it Niu Man. Xu Guang’s annotation of *Shi Ji* states: Qian is also known as Hong Lan; its flowers are used for dyeing, producing a red-yellow color. Note: *Ming Yi Bie Lu* lists Hong Lan separately, which is incorrect.