味苦，平。主风寒湿痹，心腹邪气，利关节，止烦满。久服，轻身、明目、不老。一名
鲁果能（《御览》作食果），一名地椹。生川泽石边。
《吴普》曰∶龙芮，一名姜苔，一名天豆。神农∶苦，平；岐伯∶酸；扁鹊、李氏∶大
寒；雷公∶咸，无毒。五月五日采（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名石能，一名彭根，一名天豆。生太山，五月五日采子，二月、
八月采皮，阴干。
案∶《范子计然》云∶石龙芮，出三辅。色黄者，善。
味甘，寒。主劳伤虚羸，补中益气，除瘀血、血闭、寒热，利小便。其苗，主下水。一
名兰根，一名茹根。生山谷、田野。
《名医》曰∶一名地管，一名地筋，一名兼杜。生楚地，六月采根。
案∶《说文》云∶茅，菅也；菅，茅也。《广雅》云∶菅，茅也。《尔雅》云∶白华，
野菅。郭璞云∶菅，茅属。《诗》云∶白华菅兮，白茅束兮。《传》云∶白华，野菅也，已沤，
为菅。
味苦，温。主咳逆上气，胸中
《吴普》曰∶紫菀，一名青苑（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名紫茜，一名青苑。生房陵及真定邯郸。二月、三月采根，阴干
案∶《说文》云∶菀，茈菀，出汉中房陵。陶弘景云∶白者，名白菀。《唐本》
注云∶白菀，即女菀也。
【石龙芮】
味苦，性平。主治风寒湿痹（由风、寒、湿邪侵袭经络关节所致的肢体疼痛、麻木、屈伸不利等病证），心腹部的邪气，通利关节，消除烦闷胀满。长期服用，能使身体轻健、目光明亮、延缓衰老。又名鲁果能（《太平御览》中写作“食果”），又名地椹。生长在河川湖泽的石头旁边。
《吴普》记载：龙芮，又名姜苔，又名天豆。神农氏认为：味苦，性平；岐伯认为：味酸；扁鹊和李氏认为：大寒；雷公认为：味咸，无毒。五月五日采集（《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》记载：又名石能，又名彭根，又名天豆。生长于泰山，五月五日采集种子，二月和八月采集树皮，阴干。
按语：《范子计然》说：石龙芮出产于三辅地区。颜色黄的，品质好。
【茅根】
味甘，性寒。主治劳损受伤导致的身体虚弱消瘦，补益中气，祛除瘀血、血闭（血液运行不畅或闭塞）、寒热往来，通利小便。它的苗，主治水肿。又名兰根，又名茹根。生长在山谷和田野。
《名医别录》记载：又名地管，又名地筋，又名兼杜。生长于楚地，六月采集根部。
按语：《说文解字》说：茅，就是菅；菅，就是茅。《广雅》说：菅，就是茅。《尔雅》说：开白花的，是野菅。郭璞注释说：菅，属于茅类。《诗经》说：白华菅兮，白茅束兮。《传》注说：白华，是野菅，经过沤制后，称为菅。
【紫菀】
味苦，性温。主治咳嗽气逆，胸中……
《名医别录》记载：又名紫茜，又名青苑。生长于房陵以及真定邯郸。二月、三月采集根部，阴干。
[Shilongrui]
Bitter, neutral. Primarily treats wind-cold-damp bi (a syndrome characterized by pain, numbness, and limited mobility of limbs and joints caused by invasion of wind, cold, and damp pathogens), evil qi in the heart and abdomen, unblocks the joints, and relieves irritability and fullness. Long-term consumption lightens the body, brightens the eyes, and prevents aging. Also known as Luguo Neng (written as Shiguo in *Taiping Yulan*), also known as Dizhen. Grows beside stones in rivers and lakes.
*Wu Pu* records: Longrui is also known as Jiangtai, also known as Tiandou. Shennong states: bitter, neutral; Qibo states: sour; Bian Que and Li Shi state: very cold; Lei Gong states: salty, non-toxic. Harvested on the fifth day of the fifth month (*Taiping Yulan*).
*Mingyi Bielu* records: Also known as Shineng, also known as Penggen, also known as Tiandou. Grows in Mount Tai. Seeds are harvested on the fifth day of the fifth month; bark is harvested in the second and eighth months and dried in the shade.
Commentary: *Fanzi Jiran* states: Shilongrui originates from the Sanfu region. Those with yellow color are superior.
[Maogen]
Sweet, cold. Primarily treats emaciation and weakness due to labor injury or damage, tonifies the middle jiao and boosts qi, removes blood stasis, blood obstruction (stagnation or blockage of blood flow), and alternating chills and fever, and promotes urination. Its shoots primarily treat edema. Also known as Langen, also known as Rugen. Grows in valleys and fields.
*Mingyi Bielu* records: Also known as Diguan, also known as Dijin, also known as Jiandu. Grows in the Chu region. Roots are harvested in the sixth month.
Commentary: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Mao is Jian; Jian is Mao. *Guangya* states: Jian is Mao. *Erya* states: Those with white flowers are Yejian. Guo Pu comments: Jian belongs to the category of Mao. The *Classic of Poetry* states: "White flowers of Jian, bound white Mao." The Commentary states: White flowers refer to wild Jian, which becomes Jian after retting.
[Ziwan]
Bitter, warm. Primarily treats cough with rebellious qi and chest...
*Wu Pu* records: Ziwan is also known as Qingyuan (*Taiping Yulan*).
*Mingyi Bielu* records: Also known as Ziqian, also known as Qingyuan. Grows in Fangling and Handan, Zhending. Roots are harvested in the second and third months and dried in the shade.
Commentary: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Wan refers to Ziwan, originating from Fangling in Hanzhong. Tao Hongjing states: The white variety is named Baiwan. The commentary of *Tang Bencao* states: Baiwan is equivalent to Nuwan.