味苦，寒。主五脏邪气，厌谷，胃痹。久服，安心益气，聪察少卧，轻身、耐老。一名
荼草，一名选。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶一名游冬。生益州山陵道旁，凌冬不死。三月三日采，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶荼，苦菜也。《广雅》云∶游冬，苦菜也。《尔雅》云∶荼，苦菜；
又，苦荼。郭璞云∶树小如栀子，冬生叶，可煮作羹，今呼早莱者为荼，晚取者为茗，
一名 ，蜀人名之苦菜。陶弘景云∶此即是今茗，茗，一名荼，又令人不眠，亦凌冬不凋而
兼其止。生益州。《唐本》注驳之，非矣。选与 ，音相近。
上菜，上品五种。旧同。
中药一百二十种为臣，主养性以应人。无毒、有毒，斟酌其宜。欲遏病补羸者，本中经
雄黄、石流黄、雌黄、水银、石膏、磁石、凝水石、阳起石、孔公孽、殷孽、铁精、理
石、长石、肤青 （上玉、石，中品十四种。旧十六种） 干姜 耳实 葛根 栝蒌根 苦
参当归 麻黄 通草 芍药 蠡实 瞿麦 元参 秦艽 百合 知母 贝母 白芷 淫
羊藿 黄芩 狗脊 石龙芮 茅根 紫菀 紫草 败酱 白藓 酸酱 紫参 本 石苇
萆 白薇 水萍 王瓜 地榆 海藻 泽兰 防己 款冬花 牡丹 马先蒿 积雪草 女
菀王孙 蜀羊泉 爵床 假苏 翘根（上草，中品四十九种。旧四十六种） 桑根白皮 竹
叶吴茱萸 栀子 芜萸 枳实 浓朴 秦皮 秦菽 山茱萸 紫薇 猪苓 白棘 龙眼
松萝 卫矛 合欢 （上木，中品一十七种。旧同） 马茎 鹿茸 牛角腮 羊角 牡狗阴
茎羚羊角 犀角 （上兽，中品七种。旧同） 燕尿 天鼠尿 （上禽，中品二种。旧三
种） 猥
皮露蜂房 鳖甲 蟹 作蝉 蛴螬 乌贼鱼骨 白僵蚕 蛇鱼甲 椿鸡 活蝓 石龙子
木虻 蜚虻 蜚廉 虫 伏翼（上虫、鱼，中品一十七种。旧十六种） 梅实（上果，中
品
一种。旧同） 大豆黄卷 赤小豆 粟米 黍米（上米、谷，中品三种。旧二种） 蓼实 葱
实薤 水苏（上菜，中品三种，旧同）
【苦菜】
味道苦，性寒。主治五脏的邪气，食欲不振（厌谷），胃脘痞塞不通（胃痹）。长期服用，能安定心神、补益元气，使听觉视觉灵敏、思虑清晰且睡眠减少，身体轻盈、延缓衰老。又名荼草，又名叫选。生长在河流与山谷地带。
《名医别录》记载：又名游冬。生长在益州的山陵道路旁，经历寒冬而不枯死。三月三日采集，阴干备用。
考证：《说文解字》说：荼，就是苦菜。《广雅》说：游冬，就是苦菜。《尔雅》说：荼，是苦菜；又说，苦荼。郭璞注释说：树小得像栀子花一样，冬天生叶，可以煮成羹汤。现在把早春采摘的称为“荼”，晚些时候采摘的称为“茗”，还有一个名字叫荈，四川人叫它苦菜。陶弘景说：这就是现在的茶（茗），茶，又名荼，又能让人不睡觉，也符合凌冬不凋的特性，并且兼有止渴提神的作用。生长在益州。《新修本草》（唐本）注驳斥了这种说法，认为是不对的。“选”与“荈”读音相近。
以上为蔬菜类，属于上品五种。旧版目录中归类相同。
中药一百二十种作为臣药，主要用来调养性情以适应人体需求。无论是有毒还是无毒的药物，都要斟酌其适宜程度使用。想要遏制疾病、补益虚弱的人，应当参考中经的内容。
雄黄、石流黄、雌黄、水银、石膏、磁石、凝水石、阳起石、孔公孽、殷孽、铁精、理石、长石、肤青（以上玉石类，中品十四种。旧版为十六种）
干姜、耳实、葛根、栝蒌根、苦参、当归、麻黄、通草、芍药、蠡实、瞿麦、元参、秦艽、百合、知母、贝母、白芷、淫羊藿、黄芩、狗脊、石龙芮、茅根、紫菀、紫草、败酱、白藓、酸酱、紫参、本、石苇、萆薢、白薇、水萍、王瓜、地榆、海藻、泽兰、防己、款冬花、牡丹、马先蒿、积雪草、女菀、王孙、蜀羊泉、爵床、假苏、翘根（以上草类，中品四十九种。旧版为四十六种）
桑根白皮、竹叶、吴茱萸、栀子、芜荑、枳实、浓朴、秦皮、秦菽、山茱萸、紫薇、猪苓、白棘、龙眼、松萝、卫矛、合欢（以上木类，中品一十七种。旧版相同）
马茎、鹿茸、牛角腮、羊角、牡狗阴茎、羚羊角、犀角（以上兽类，中品七种。旧版相同）
燕尿、天鼠尿（以上禽类，中品二种。旧版为三种）
猥皮、露蜂房、鳖甲、蟹、作蝉、蛴螬、乌贼鱼骨、白僵蚕、蛇鱼甲、椿鸡、活蝓、石龙子、木虻、蜚虻、蜚廉、虫、伏翼（以上虫鱼类，中品一十七种。旧版为十六种）
梅实（以上果类，中品一种。旧版相同）
大豆黄卷、赤小豆、粟米、黍米（以上米谷类，中品三种。旧版为二种）
蓼实、葱实、薤、水苏（以上菜类，中品三种，旧版相同）
[Kucai (Bitter Vegetable)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Cold.
Indications: Treats pathogenic factors in the five Zang organs, anorexia (loss of appetite), and gastric obstruction (stomach bi-syndrome). Long-term consumption stabilizes the mind, benefits Qi, enhances sensory acuity and mental clarity, reduces the need for sleep, lightens the body, and delays aging.
Synonyms: Tucha (Bitter Herb), Xuan.
Habitat: Grows in river valleys.
*The Famous Physicians' Record* states: Also known as Youdong (Wandering Winter). It grows alongside mountain paths in Yizhou and does not wither during winter. Harvest on the third day of the third lunar month and dry in the shade.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Tu" refers to bitter vegetable. *Guaya* states: "Youdong" is bitter vegetable. *Erya* states: "Tu" is bitter vegetable; also referred to as Kuchu. Guo Pu commented: The tree is small like Gardenia jasminoides, bears leaves in winter, and can be boiled into soup. Currently, early spring harvests are called "Tu", late harvests are called "Ming" (Tea), and another name is Chan. People in Shu call it bitter vegetable. Tao Hongjing stated: This is indeed what is now called Tea (Ming). Tea is also called Tu, induces wakefulness, withstands winter without shedding leaves, and possesses its own properties. It grows in Yizhou. The annotations in *Xinxiu Bencao* (Tang Edition) refute this, claiming it is incorrect. The pronunciation of "Xuan" is similar to "Chan".
The above items belong to the Superior Grade, category of Vegetables, comprising five species. Classification remains consistent with older catalogs.
One hundred and twenty medicinal substances serve as Minister herbs, primarily used to nourish nature and correspond to human physiology. Whether toxic or non-toxic, their suitability must be carefully considered. For those wishing to suppress disease and tonify debility, reference should be made to the Middle Class texts.
Realgar (Xionghuang), Lithium Sulfide (Shiliuhuang), Orpiment (Cihuang), Mercury (Shuiyin), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), Magnetite (Cishi), Stalactite Water Stone (Ningshuishi), Yangqishi (Yangqi Shi), Konggongnie, Yinnie, Iron Essence (Tiejing), Lizhi (Lishi), Changshi (Chang Shi), Fuqing (Fu Qing) [Above: Minerals/Stones, Middle Grade, 14 species. Old catalog: 16]
Dried Ginger (Ganjiang), Ear Fruit (Ershi), Kudzu Root (Gegen), Trichosanthes Root (Gualougen), Sophora Flavescens Root (Kushen), Angelica Sinensis (Danggui), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Tetrapanacis Medulla (Tongcao), Paeoniae Radix (Shaoyao), Plantaginis Semen (Lishi), Dianthi Herba (Qumai), Scrophulariae Radix (Yuan Shen), Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (Qinjiao), Lilii Bulbus (Baihe), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu), Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu), Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi), Epimedii Folium (Yinyanghuo), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Cibotii Rhizoma (Gouji), Batrachospermum (Shilongrui), Imperatae Rhizoma (Maogen), Asteris Radix (Ziwan), Arnebiae Radix et Rhizoma (Zicao), Patriniae Herba (Baijiang), Dictamni Cortex (Baixian), Oxytropidis Laburnifoliae Herba (Suanjiang), Codonopsis Radix (Zishen), Ligustici Wallichii Rhizoma et Radix (Ben), Pyrospermae Caulis (Shiwei), Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma (Bixie), Cynanchi Atrati Radix (Baiwei), Lemna Minoris Herba (Shuiping), Melongenae Fructus (Wagua), Sanguisorbae Radix (Diyu), Sargassum (Haizao), Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (Zelan), Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Fangji), Honeysuckle Bud (Kuandonghua), Moutan Cortex (Mudan), Pedicularis Resupinata (Maxianhao), Centella Asiatica (Jixuecao), Polygala Tenuifolia (Nuwan), Polygoni Multiflori Caulis (Wangsun), Caprisolae Fructus (Shuyangquan), Justicia Procumbens (Juechuang), Elsholtzia splendens (Jiasu), Glehniae Radix (Qiaogen) [Above: Herbs, Middle Grade, 49 species. Old catalog: 46]
Morus Alba Root Bark (Sangganbapi), Bamboo Leaves (Zhuye), Evodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu), Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi), Terminalia Chebula Retz. (Wuyu), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhishi), Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Nongpu), Fraxini Cortex (Qinpi), Glycine Max Seedling (Qinshu), Corni Fructus (Shanzhuyu), Lagerstroemia Indica (Ziwei), Polyporus (Zhuling), Rhamnus Spinosa (Baiji), Dimocarpus Longan (Longyan), Usnea (Songluo), Euonymi Ramulus (Weimao), Albiziae Cortex (Hehuan) [Above: Trees/Woods, Middle Grade, 17 species. Old catalog: Same]
Equus Muscle (Majing), Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum (Lurong), Bovis Cornu (Niujiaosai), Ovis Aries Horn (Yangjiao), Canis Penis (Mugou Yinjing), Antilope Cervicapra Horn (Lingyangjiao), Rhinocerotis Cornu (Xijiao) [Above: Animals, Middle Grade, 7 species. Old catalog: Same]
Urina Hirundinis (Yanniao), Urina Muris (Tianshuniao) [Above: Birds, Middle Grade, 2 species. Old catalog: 3]
Vulpis Skin (Weipi), Vespa Nidus (Lufengfang), Testudo Carapax et Plastrum (Biejia), Portunus Pelagicus (Xie), Cicada Slough (Zuo Chan), Silphidae Larva (Qicao), Sepiae Endoconcha (Wuzeiyu Gu), Bombyx Batryticatus (Baijiangcan), Snake Shell (Sheyu Jia), Gallus Chicken (Chengji), Lumbricus (Huoyu), Geckos (Shilongzi), Tabanus (Mubeng), Musca (Feimeng), Blatta Orientalis (Feilian), Insect General (Chong), Nyctalus (Fuyi) [Above: Insects/Fish, Middle Grade, 17 species. Old catalog: 16]
Prunus Mume Seed (Meishi) [Above: Fruits, Middle Grade, 1 species. Old catalog: Same]
Sojae Seminis Album Germinatum (Dayoung Huangjuan), Adzuki Bean (Chixiaodou), Panicum Miliaceum (Sumi), Setaria Italica (Shumi) [Above: Grains/Cereals, Middle Grade, 3 species. Old catalog: 2]
Polygoni Avicularis Fructus (Liaoshi), Allii Fistulosi Bulb (Congshi), Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (Xie), Perilla Frutescens Leaf (Shuisu) [Above: Vegetables, Middle Grade, 3 species. Old catalog: Same]