（《灵枢·顺气一日分为四时篇》）
黄帝曰∶夫百病之所始生者，必起于燥湿寒暑风雨，阴阳喜怒，饮食居处，气合而有形，得藏而有名，余知其然也。
夫百病者，多以旦慧昼安、夕加夜甚何也？（燥湿寒暑风雨，外感也。阴阳喜怒饮食居处，内伤也。气合而有形，脉证
可据也。得藏而有名，表里可察也。虽病有不同，而多以旦慧昼安、夕加夜甚者，诸病皆相类也。）岐伯曰∶四时之气使
然。黄帝曰∶愿闻四时之气。岐伯曰∶春生夏长，秋收冬藏，是气之常也。（春之生，阳气升也。夏之长，阳气盛也。秋
之收，阳气降也。冬之藏，阳气伏也。是气之常，皆以阳气为言也。）人亦应之，以一日分为四时，朝则为春，日中为夏，
日入为秋，夜半为冬。（天地之交，四时之序，惟阴阳升降而尽之矣。自子之后，太阳从左而升，升则为阳；自午之后，
太阳从右而降，降则为阴。大而一岁，小而一日，无不皆然，故一日亦分四时也。）朝则人气始生，病气衰，故旦慧。日
中人气长，长则胜邪，故安。夕则人气始衰，邪气始生，故加。夜半人气入藏，邪气独居于身，故甚也。（朝时太阳在寅
卯，自下而上，在人应之，阳气正升，故病气衰而旦慧。日中太阳在巳午，自东而中，在人应之，阳气正盛，故能胜邪
而昼安。夕时太阳在申酉，由中而昃，在人应之，阳气始衰，故邪气渐盛而暮加重。夜半太阳在戌亥，自上而降，在人
应之，阳气伏藏，邪气正盛，故夜则甚。盖邪气之轻重，由于正气之盛衰。正气者，阳气也。升则从阳，从阳则生；降
则从阴，从阴则死。天人之气，一而已矣。）黄帝曰∶其时有反者何也？（反，谓不应前说也。）岐伯曰∶是不应四时之
气，脏独主其病者，是必以脏气之所不胜时者甚，以其所胜时者起也。（不应四时之气者，以脏气独主其病，有所胜所不
胜也。所不胜者，如脾病畏木，肺病畏火，肾病畏土，肝病畏金，心病畏水，值其时日，故病必甚也。所胜时者，如脾
病喜火土，肺病喜土金，肾病喜金水，肝病喜水木，心病喜木火，值其时日，故病当起也。）黄帝曰∶治之奈何？岐伯曰∶
顺天之时而病可与期，顺者为工，逆者为粗。帝曰∶善。（顺天之时者，因时气之盛衰，知阴阳之虚实，故病之凶吉可期，
此明哲之事也。彼粗工者，以是作非，以标作本，但有逆之而已，又恶足以知此？）
（出自《灵枢·顺气一日分为四时篇》）
黄帝说：各种疾病的发生，必定起始于燥、湿、寒、暑、风、雨等外感因素，以及阴、阳失调和喜怒等情志变化，还有饮食不节和居住环境的不良影响。这些因素与人体之气相合而形成有形的病证，归属于脏腑而有特定的名称，我知道是这样的。
但是，许多疾病往往表现为早晨神志清醒、白天安宁、傍晚加重、夜间更严重，这是为什么呢？（燥、湿、寒、暑、风、雨属于外感病邪；阴阳失调、喜怒过度、饮食起居不当属于内伤病邪。邪气与正气相合而形成有形之病，脉象和症状可以作为依据；病邪归属脏腑而有特定名称，表里关系可以观察。虽然疾病表现各不相同，但大多呈现早晨清醒、白天安宁、傍晚加重、夜间严重的规律，这是因为各类疾病都有相似的机理。）
岐伯说：这是四季气候变化的影响所致。
黄帝说：我想听听关于四季气候变化的道理。
岐伯说：春天生发，夏天生长，秋天收敛，冬天闭藏，这是气候运行的常规。（春天的生发，是因为阳气上升；夏天的生长，是因为阳气旺盛；秋天的收敛，是因为阳气下降；冬天的闭藏，是因为阳气潜伏。这种气候的常规，都是围绕阳气而言的。）人也顺应这一规律，将一天划分为四个时段：早晨相当于春季，中午相当于夏季，日落相当于秋季，半夜相当于冬季。（天地之间的交互作用，四季的顺序，都通过阴阳的升降来体现。从子时之后，太阳之气从左方升起，升则为阳；从午时之后，太阳之气从右方降下，降则为阴。大到一年，小到一天，无不如此，所以一天也可以分为四季。）早晨人气开始生发，病气衰退，所以早晨神志清醒。中午人气旺盛，旺盛就能战胜邪气，所以白天安宁。傍晚人气开始衰退，邪气开始滋生，所以病情加重。半夜人气潜入脏腑，邪气独自在体内肆虐，所以病情最重。（早晨太阳位于寅卯方位，由下向上，在人体相应，阳气正在上升，所以病气衰退而早晨清醒。中午太阳位于巳午方位，由东向正中，在人体相应，阳气正盛，所以能战胜邪气而白天安宁。傍晚太阳位于申酉方位，由正中向西斜落，在人体相应，阳气开始衰退，所以邪气逐渐旺盛而傍晚加重。半夜太阳位于戌亥方位，由上向下，在人体相应，阳气伏藏，邪气正盛，所以夜间病情严重。大概邪气的轻重，取决于正气的盛衰。正气就是阳气。阳气上升则顺从阳道，顺从阳道则生机旺盛；阳气下降则顺从阴道，顺从阴道则趋向死亡。天人之气，本质是一样的。）
黄帝说：为什么有的情况与此相反呢？（“反”，指不符合上述说法的情况。）
岐伯说：这是因为不受四季气候普遍规律的影响，而是由某个脏腑单独主导病变的缘故。这类疾病，必定在克制该脏气的气候时节加重，而在被该脏气所克制的时节好转。（不受四季气候普遍规律影响的，是因为脏气单独主导病变，存在相生相克的关系。所谓“所不胜”（即克制我的），例如脾病畏惧木气，肺病畏惧火气，肾病畏惧土气，肝病畏惧金气，心病畏惧水气，遇到这些时日，所以病情必定加重。所谓“所胜”（即我克制的），例如脾病喜欢火土之气，肺病喜欢土金之气，肾病喜欢金水之气，肝病喜欢水木之气，心病喜欢木火之气，遇到这些时日，所以病情应当好转。）
黄帝说：治疗应该怎么做？
岐伯说：顺应天时，就可以预测疾病的预后，顺应规律的医生是高明医生，违背规律的医生是粗劣医生。
黄帝说：说得好。（顺应天时的人，根据时令气候的盛衰，了解阴阳的虚实，所以疾病的吉凶可以预测，这是明智的做法。那些粗劣的医生，颠倒黑白，以标为本，只是违背规律罢了，又怎么能懂得这个道理呢？）
(From the chapter "Shun Qi Yi Ri Fen Wei Si Shi" of *Ling Shu*)
Huangdi said: The origin of all diseases must arise from external factors such as dryness, dampness, cold, heat, wind, and rain; internal factors such as yin-yang imbalance and excessive emotions (joy and anger); and lifestyle factors such as improper diet and living conditions. When these pathogenic factors combine with the body's qi, they form tangible pathological changes; when they reside within the zang-fu organs, they acquire specific names. I understand this to be the case.
However, why do many diseases manifest with lucidity in the morning, stability during the day, exacerbation in the evening, and severity at night? (Dryness, dampness, cold, heat, wind, and rain are exogenous pathogens. Yin-yang imbalance, emotional excesses, dietary irregularities, and improper living habits constitute endogenous injuries. The combination of qi and pathogens forms tangible disease, which can be evidenced by pulse and symptoms. Disease attribution to zang-fu organs allows for the observation of interior and exterior relationships. Although diseases vary, the pattern of morning lucidity, daytime stability, evening exacerbation, and nighttime severity is common to many diseases due to similar underlying mechanisms.)
Qibo replied: This is caused by the influence of the seasonal qi.
Huangdi said: I wish to hear about the qi of the four seasons.
Qibo said: Spring generates, Summer grows, Autumn harvests, and Winter stores; this is the normal course of climatic qi. (Spring generation is due to the rising of Yang qi; Summer growth is due to the flourishing of Yang qi; Autumn harvesting is due to the descending of Yang qi; Winter storing is due to the hiding of Yang qi. This regularity of qi is described in terms of Yang qi.) Humans also respond to this, dividing one day into four seasons: morning corresponds to Spring, midday to Summer, sunset to Autumn, and midnight to Winter. (The interaction between Heaven and Earth, and the sequence of the four seasons, are fully expressed through the ascending and descending of Yin and Yang. After Zi hour, Taiyang [Governing Vessel/Solar Qi] rises from the left, rising constitutes Yang; after Wu hour, Taiyang descends from the right, descending constitutes Yin. Whether on a grand scale of a year or a small scale of a day, this principle applies universally; thus, one day can also be divided into four seasons.) In the morning, Ying qi [Nutritive Qi] begins to generate, and pathogenic qi declines, hence lucidity in the morning. At midday, Ying qi grows strong; being strong allows it to overcome pathogenic qi, hence stability during the day. In the evening, Ying qi begins to decline, and pathogenic qi begins to proliferate, hence exacerbation. At midnight, Ying qi enters the zang-fu organs, leaving pathogenic qi to dominate the body alone, hence severity. (In the morning, the sun is in the Yin-Mao positions, rising from below; corresponding to the human body, Yang qi is ascending, so pathogenic qi declines and there is morning lucidity. At midday, the sun is in the Si-Wu positions, moving from east to center; corresponding to the human body, Yang qi is flourishing, so it can overcome pathogenic qi and there is daytime stability. In the evening, the sun is in the Shen-You positions, declining from center to west; corresponding to the human body, Yang qi begins to decline, so pathogenic qi gradually becomes dominant and the condition worsens at dusk. At midnight, the sun is in the Xu-Hai positions, descending from above; corresponding to the human body, Yang qi is hidden, while pathogenic qi is vigorous, so the condition is severe at night. Generally, the severity of pathogenic qi depends on the strength of Zheng qi [Upright Qi]. Zheng qi is Yang qi. Ascending follows the Yang path, leading to life; descending follows the Yin path, leading to death. The qi of Heaven and Humanity is essentially one.)
Huangdi said: Why are there cases that contradict this? ("Contradict" refers to situations not following the aforementioned explanation.)
Qibo said: This occurs because the disease does not follow the general laws of seasonal qi but is dominated exclusively by a specific zang organ. Such diseases will inevitably worsen during the time element that overcomes the zang organ's qi and improve during the time element that the zang organ's qi overcomes. (When not responding to seasonal qi, the zang organ's qi exclusively dominates the disease, involving mutual overcoming relationships. "Overcome by" (the element that controls me), for example, Spleen disease fears Wood qi, Lung disease fears Fire qi, Kidney disease fears Earth qi, Liver disease fears Metal qi, and Heart disease fears Water qi; encountering these times causes the disease to worsen. "Overcomes" (the elements controlled by me), for example, Spleen disease favors Fire and Earth qi, Lung disease favors Earth and Metal qi, Kidney disease favors Metal and Water qi, Liver disease favors Water and Wood qi, and Heart disease favors Wood and Fire qi; encountering these times causes the disease to improve.)
Huangdi said: How should it be treated?
Qibo said: By conforming to the timing of Heaven, the prognosis of the disease can be predicted. Those who conform are skilled physicians; those who oppose are crude physicians.
Huangdi said: Excellent. (Those who conform to Heaven's timing, understanding the deficiency and excess of Yin and Yang based on the rise and fall of seasonal climate, can predict the auspiciousness or inauspiciousness of the disease; this is the act of the wise. Crude physicians invert right and wrong, treating symptoms as root causes, merely opposing the natural order; how could they possibly understand this?)