（《素问·至真要大论》）
帝曰∶六气之复何如？（复者，报复之义。六气盛衰不常，有所胜，则有所复也。愚按∶王氏曰∶凡先有胜，后必
复。新校正引《玄珠》正化对化之义云∶正司化令之实，对司化令之虚，对化胜而有复，正化胜而不复。反以王注为未
然。或又曰∶甲丙戊庚壬阳年太过，有胜无复；乙丁己辛癸阴年不及，有胜必有复。皆未达之言也。夫胜复之道，随气
盛衰而见，非有正对之分。考之本经诸篇。原无此言。其于不及有复太过无复之说，盖以《气交变大论》，凡太过之运皆
不言复，惟不及之年则有之。《六元正纪大论》所载六十年运气之纪，亦惟不及之岁言复，而太过之年则无。似乎阳年太
过，有胜无复也。然《五常政大论》云∶发生之纪，不务其德，则收气复。赫曦之纪。暴烈其政，脏气乃复，敦阜之纪，
大风迅至，邪伤脾也。坚成之纪，政暴变，长气斯救。流衍之纪，政过则化气大举。是皆以太过之岁为言，由此观之，
则阳年未尝无复也。惟是阴年气弱，彼来胜我，故子必起而报之，故谓之复。阳年气强，无胜我者，但以我胜彼，故承
乃从而制之。然曰承曰复，本一理也，但相继而制者谓之承，因胜而报者谓之复，胜复相仍，本无罅隙，故经曰有胜则
复，无胜则否。胜至则复，无常数也。又曰微者复微，甚者复甚。然则气之微甚，尚不可以假借，又何有阴阳正对复与
不复之理哉？故本论无分太过不及之年，皆有淫胜反胜相胜之气，可见阳年未必全盛而反胜者有之，阴年未必全衰而淫
胜者亦有之，天地变化，消长无穷，但当随厥气几而察以方月之义，庶得其妙；若必欲因辞害意，则失之远矣。）岐伯曰∶
悉乎哉问也！厥阴之复，少腹坚满，里急暴痛，偃木飞沙， 虫不荣，厥心痛汗发，呕吐，饮食不入，入而复出，筋骨
掉眩清厥，甚则入脾，食痹而吐。（厥阴风木之复，内应肝气。少腹坚满，肝邪实也。里急暴痛，肝主筋膜，其气急也。
偃木飞沙，风之甚也。 虫不荣，木制土也。厥心痛汗发，肝邪乘胃，上凌于心而阳气泄也。饮食不入，入而复出，脾
受肝伤也。掉为颤掉，眩为眩运，风淫所致也。风之甚者，必兼承制之化，故手足清冷而厥也。食痹者，食入不化，入
则闷痛呕汁，必吐出乃已也。）冲阳绝，死不治。（冲阳，胃脉也，胃绝则脾亦绝矣。按∶前章天地淫胜，止言司天六脉
绝者不治，而在泉未言；此章于六气之复者复言之，正以明在泉之化，盖四气尽终气，地气主之，复之常也。）少阴之复，
燠热内作，烦躁鼽嚏，少腹绞痛，火见燔 嗌燥。分注时止，气动于左，上行于右，咳皮肤痛暴喑，心痛郁冒不知人，
乃洒淅恶寒，振栗谵妄，寒已而热，渴而欲饮，少气骨萎，隔肠不便，外为浮肿哕噫，赤气后化，流水不冰，热气大行，
介虫不福，病痱胗疮疡，痈疽痤痔，甚则入肺，咳而鼻渊，（少阴君火之复，燠热内作，烦躁鼽嚏，火盛于中而炎于上也。
少腹绞痛，火在阴也。火见燔 嗌燥，身表焦热而火在喉也。分注时止，谓大肠或泄，膀胱或癃，火居二便也。气动于
左，阳升在东也。上行于右，火必乘金也。咳而皮肤痛暴喑，肺主声音，外合皮毛而受火之伤也。心痛郁冒不知人，心
邪自实而神明乱也。洒淅恶寒，振栗谵妄，寒已而热，水火相争，热极生寒也。渴而欲饮，亡津液也，少气骨萎，壮火
食气，热极伤精也。隔肠不便，热结不通也。外为浮肿、为哕噫，热胜则肿，火逆冲上也。赤气后化，阳明先胜，少阴
后复也，流水不冰，热气大行，介虫不福，火盛制金也。痱胗疮疡，痈疽痤痔，火克肺金而皮毛受病也。火甚必伤肺，
故咳而鼻渊所由作矣。鼽音求。嚏音帝。 ，如瑞切，哕，于决切。痱音肺。痤，才何切。）天府绝，死不治。（天府，
肺经穴也。）太阴之复，湿变乃举，体重中满，食饮不化，阴气上厥，胸中不便，饮发于中，咳喘有声，大雨时行，鳞见
于陆，头顶痛重而掉螈尤甚，呕而密默，唾吐清液，甚则入肾，窍泻无度，（太阴湿土之复，体重中满，饮食不化，自伤
同气也。阴气上厥，胸中不便，湿从寒化也。饮发于中，喘咳有声，湿侵脾肺也，大雨时行，鳞见于陆，湿令行也，头
顶痛重而掉螈尤甚，湿在三阳，筋脉濡软也。呕而密默，唾吐清液，寒湿内动也。甚则土邪传肾，窍泻无度，以肾开窍
于二便，而门户不要也。）太溪绝，死不治。（太溪，肾经穴也。）少阳之复，大热将至，枯燥燔 ，介虫乃耗，惊螈咳衄，
心热烦躁，便数憎风，厥气上行，面如浮埃，目乃 螈，火气内发，上为口糜呕逆，血溢血泄，发而为疟，恶寒鼓栗，
寒极反热，嗌络焦槁，渴引水浆，色变黄赤，少气脉萎，化而为水，传为 肿，甚则入肺，咳而血泄，（少阳相火之复，
故大热至而枯燥燔 。介虫属金，所以耗也。其病则惊螈咳衄，心热烦躁，火乘心肺也，便数憎风，表里皆热也。厥气
上行，面如浮埃，目乃 螈，火气内发，上为口糜呕逆，血溢血泄，皆火炎于上，故形色变而逼血妄行也。发而为疟，
恶寒鼓栗，寒极反热，以风火相薄而阴阳相并也。嗌络焦槁 ，渴引水浆，津液涸也，色变黄赤，热在脾则黄，在心则赤
也，少气脉萎，气血伤也。化而为水，传为 肿，以气蒸热化，水道不通，而浮肿如泥也。火盛必伤金故甚则入肺，咳
而血泄。 ，儒决切。螈音翅。）尺泽绝，死不治。（尺泽，肺经穴也，按∶前章少阴司天热淫所胜言尺泽，少阳司天火
淫所胜言天府，此章所言与前章相反，然皆系肺经之穴，以火克金，故能互见其害。）阳明之复，清气大举，森木苍干，
毛虫乃厉，病生 胁，气归于左，善太息，甚则心痛痞满，腹胀而泄，呕吐咳哕烦心，病在膈中，头痛，甚则入肝，惊
骇筋挛，（阳明燥金之复，故清气大举，森木苍干，毛虫乃厉，金克木也。病生 胁，气归于左，肝木伤也。金气盛则木
郁火衰而阳气不达，故善太息。甚则心痛痞满，腹胀而泄，呕吐咳哕烦心，清邪在中也。头痛者，阴寒外束，热聚于经
也。金强侮肝，故为惊骇筋挛之病。）太冲绝，死不治。（太冲，肝经穴也。）太阳之复，厥气上行，水凝雨冰，羽虫乃死，
心胃生寒，胸中不利，心痛痞满，头痛善悲，时眩仆食减，腰 反痛，屈伸不便，地裂冰坚，阳光不治，少腹控睾，引
腰脊，上冲心，唾出清水，及为哕噫，甚则入心，善忘善悲，（太阳寒水之复，其气上行，则水凝雨冰。羽虫属火，水盛
乃死也。其病心胃生寒，故胸中不利也。心痛痞满，寒在膈间也。头痛善悲，寒并于上而阳神虚也。时眩仆食减，清阳
失位而胃中寒也。腰 反痛，屈伸不便，寒归水藏而连及太阳经也。地裂冰坚，阳光不治，水令行也。少腹控睾，引腰
脊，上冲于心，寒客三阴，上侵君火也。唾出清水，及为哕噫，寒水侮土，胃脘无阳也。寒甚者必乘心，心藏神，神不
足则善忘善悲。 音谁。睾音高，）神门绝，死不治。（神门，心经穴也。）帝曰∶善。治之奈何？（治六气之复。）岐伯
曰∶厥阴之复，治以酸寒，佐以甘辛，以酸泻之，以甘缓之。（厥阴风木之复，治以酸寒，木之正味，其泻以酸，木火相
生，宜清以寒也，佐以甘辛，木盛土衰，以甘补土，辛从金化，以辛制木也。泻者，泻肝之实。缓者，缓肝之急也。）少
阴之复，治以咸寒 ，佐以苦辛，以甘泻之，以酸收之，以苦发之，以咸软之。（少阴君火之复，治以咸寒，制以所不胜
也。佐以苦辛，发散其热也。以甘泻之，甘泻火也。以酸收之，敛浮热也。以苦发之，散火之郁也。以咸软之，解热之
结也。）太阴之复，治以苦热，佐以酸辛，以苦泻之，燥之泄之。（太阴湿土之复，治以苦热，苦能泻土，热能燥湿也。
佐以酸辛，酸能制土，辛能温寒也。以苦泻之，燥之泄之，泻以夺其壅，燥以胜其湿，泄以利其水也。）少阳之复，治以
咸冷，佐以苦辛，以咸软之，以酸收之，辛苦发之，发不远热，无犯温凉，少阴同法。（少阳相火之复，与上文少阴之复
治同。发不远热，无犯温凉，重明用发者，勿犯寒凉也。少阴之治亦然。）阳明之复，治以辛温，佐以苦甘，以苦泄之，
以苦下之，以酸补之。（阳明燥金之复，治以辛温，金之正味，泻之以辛，金之清燥，胜之以温也。佐以苦甘，苦从火 化，
以苦制金，木被金伤，以甘缓急也。以苦泄之下之，开燥结以通实邪；以酸补之，敛津液以滋干涸也。）太阳之复，治以
咸热，佐以甘辛，以苦坚之。（太阳寒水之复，治以咸热，水之正味，其泻以咸，而治寒以热也。佐以甘辛，甘从土化，
用以制水，而辛能散寒也。寒水通于肾，肾不坚则寒易起，故《藏气法时论》曰∶肾欲坚，急食苦以坚之也。）治诸胜复，
寒者热之，热者寒之，温者清之，清者温之，散者收之，抑者散之，燥者润之，急者缓之，坚者软之，脆者坚之，衰者
补之，强者泻之。各安其气，必清必静，则病气衰去，归其所宗，此治之大体也。（此总结前章淫胜反胜相胜相复之治，
皆不外乎此法，则正气得安，病气衰去，阴阳宗主各有所归，自无偏胜之患，而治法尽于此矣。脆音翠。）帝曰∶善。
（《素问·至真要大论》）
黄帝问道：六气发生报复性偏胜的情况是怎样的？（所谓“复”，就是报复的意思。六气的盛衰变化无常，有胜气存在，就必然会有复气产生。我按语：王冰说：凡是先有胜气，后必有复气。新校正引用《玄珠》中关于正化与对化的理论说：正司主管实际的气候变化，对司主管相对的气候变化；只有对化之气胜了才有复气，正化之气胜了则没有复气。以此认为王注是不对的。又有人说：甲、丙、戊、庚、壬阳年属于太过，只有胜气而没有复气；乙、丁、己、辛、癸阴年属于不及，有胜气必定有复气。这些都是没有通达医理的说法。胜复的道理，是随着气的盛衰而显现的，并没有正化和对化的严格区分。考察本经各篇，原本没有这种说法。那种认为不及之年有复、太过之年无复的观点，大概是依据《气交变大论》，其中凡是太过之运都不言复，只有不及之年才有复气。《六元正纪大论》所载六十年的运气规律，也只有在不及的年份提到复气，而太过的年份则没有。似乎阳年太过，有胜无复。然而《五常政大论》说：发生之纪（木运太过），如果不施其德政，则收气（金气）来复；赫曦之纪（火运太过），如果暴烈其政令，脏气就会来复；敦阜之纪（土运太过），大风迅速到来，邪气伤害脾脏；坚成之纪（金运太过），政令暴变，长气（火气）就来救助；流衍之纪（水运太过），政令过度，化气（土气）就大举兴起。这些都是以太过之年为例来说明的，由此看来，阳年并非没有复气。只是阴年气弱，被外来胜气所克，所以子气必起而报复，故称为复。阳年气强，没有胜我者，只是我以胜彼，所以是承袭顺从而制约它。然而说“承”说“复”，道理本是相同的，只是相继制约的叫做“承”，因为受胜而报复的叫做“复”。胜气和复气相仍不断，本来没有缝隙，所以经文说：有胜则有复，无胜则无复。胜气到了就有复气，次数没有定数。又说：微弱的胜气，复气也微弱；严重的胜气，复气也严重。既然气的微弱和严重都不能假借，又哪里有什么阴阳正对、复或不复的道理呢？所以本篇不分太过和不及之年，都有淫胜、反胜、相胜的气机变化，可见阳年未必全盛而反胜的情况是有的，阴年未必全衰而淫胜的情况也是有的。天地变化，消长无穷，只应当随着气的机转，用方月的义理去观察，才能得其妙处；如果一定要因拘泥文辞而损害原意，那就差得远了。）
岐伯回答说：问得真详细啊！厥阴风木之复，会出现少腹坚硬胀满，腹部内部紧急剧烈疼痛，树木倒伏沙石飞扬，昆虫不能繁荣生长，厥心痛且出汗，呕吐，饮食不能进入，或者吃进去又吐出来，筋骨震颤眩晕，四肢清冷厥逆，严重时侵犯脾脏，出现食痹而呕吐。（厥阴风木之复，内应肝气。少腹坚硬胀满，是肝邪实证。腹部内部紧急剧烈疼痛，是因为肝主筋膜，其气急迫。树木倒伏沙石飞扬，是风势极盛的表现。昆虫不能繁荣生长，是因为木气克制土气。厥心痛且出汗，是肝邪乘袭胃腑，上凌于心导致阳气外泄。饮食不能进入或入而复出，是脾脏受到肝木的伤害。掉是指肢体颤动，眩是指头晕目眩，这是风邪淫溢所致。风邪严重的，必然兼有承制之化，所以手足清冷而厥逆。食痹，是指食物进入后不消化，入腹则闷痛呕汁，必须吐出才停止。）如果冲阳脉绝，则死，无法治疗。（冲阳穴是胃经的原穴，胃气绝则脾气也随之绝。按语：前章论述天地淫胜，只提到司天六脉绝者不治，而在泉之气未提及；这一章对于六气之复再次说明，正是为了阐明在泉之气的变化。大概四气尽终之时，地气主事，这是复气的常理。）
少阴君火之复，体内感到闷热烦躁，鼻塞打喷嚏，少腹绞痛，火热之象显现如焚烧，咽喉干燥。大小便时而通畅时而闭塞，气机变动于左侧，上行至右侧，咳嗽，皮肤疼痛，突然失音，心痛，头昏目眩甚至昏迷不知人，接着洒淅恶寒，战栗谵妄，寒战过后发热，口渴想喝水，气短骨萎，肠道隔塞不便，体表浮肿，呃逆嗳气。赤色之气在后阶段化生，流水不结冰，热气大行，介壳类昆虫遭受灾祸，发生痱疹、疮疡、痈疽、痤疮、痔疮等病，严重时侵犯肺脏，咳嗽且鼻渊流涕。（少阴君火之复，体内闷热烦躁，鼻塞打喷嚏，是火盛于中而炎于上。少腹绞痛，是火在阴分。火热如焚烧致咽喉干燥，是体表焦热而火在喉部。大小便时通时闭，是说大肠或泄泻，膀胱或癃闭，火邪居于二便。气机变动于左侧，是因为阳升在东。上行至右侧，是因为火必乘侮肺金。咳嗽且皮肤疼痛、突然失音，是因为肺主声音，外合皮毛而受火邪伤害。心痛、头昏目眩甚至昏迷，是心邪自实而神明混乱。洒淅恶寒、战栗谵妄，寒战过后发热，是水火相争，热极生寒。口渴想喝水，是津液亡失。气短骨萎，是壮火食气，热极伤精。肠道隔塞不便，是热结不通。体表浮肿、呃逆嗳气，是热胜则肿，火逆冲上。赤色之气在后阶段化生，是因为阳明先胜，少阴后复。流水不结冰，热气大行，介壳类昆虫受灾，是火盛克制肺金。痱疹疮疡、痈疽痤疮痔疮，是火克肺金而皮毛受病。火甚必伤肺，所以咳嗽和鼻渊由此产生。鼽音求。嚏音帝。 ，如瑞切。哕，于决切。痱音肺。痤，才何切。）如果天府穴脉绝，则死，无法治疗。（天府穴是肺经穴位。）
太阴湿土之复，湿气变化兴起，身体沉重，胸脘痞满，饮食不消化，阴气上逆，胸中不畅，痰饮发于中焦，咳嗽气喘有声，大雨时常流行，鳞虫出现在陆地，头顶疼痛沉重且抽搐痉挛尤为严重，呕吐且沉默不语，唾吐清稀液体，严重时侵犯肾脏，二便泄泻无度。（太阴湿土之复，身体沉重胸脘痞满，饮食不消化，是自伤同气。阴气上逆，胸中不畅，是湿从寒化。痰饮发于中焦，喘咳有声，是湿邪侵及脾肺。大雨流行，鳞虫见陆，是湿令施行。头顶疼痛沉重且抽搐痉挛严重，是湿邪在三阳经，导致筋脉濡软。呕吐且沉默不语，唾吐清液，是寒湿内动。严重时土邪传肾，二便泄泻无度，是因为肾开窍于二便，而门户约束无力。）如果太溪穴脉绝，则死，无法治疗。（太溪穴是肾经穴位。）
少阳相火之复，大热将至，万物干枯焚烧，介壳类昆虫耗损，惊骇抽搐，咳嗽衄血，心中发热烦躁，小便频数，憎恶风寒，厥气上行，面色如蒙尘垢，眼睛抽搐，火气在内发作，向上表现为口舌糜烂、呕吐逆气，血液溢出或便血，发作成为疟疾，恶寒战栗，寒极反热，咽喉经络焦枯，口渴引饮水浆，面色变黄赤，气短脉萎，转化为水肿，严重时侵犯肺脏，咳嗽且便血。（少阳相火之复，所以大热至而万物干枯焚烧。介壳类昆虫属金，所以受损。其病症为惊骇抽搐、咳嗽衄血、心中发热烦躁，是火邪乘袭心肺。小便频数、憎恶风寒，是表里皆热。厥气上行，面色如蒙尘垢，眼睛抽搐，火气在内发作，向上表现为口舌糜烂、呕吐逆气、血液溢出或便血，都是火炎于上，所以形色改变并逼迫血液妄行。发作成为疟疾，恶寒战栗，寒极反热，是因为风火相薄而阴阳相并。咽喉经络焦枯，口渴引饮水浆，是津液枯竭。面色变黄赤，热在脾则黄，在心则赤。气短脉萎，是气血受伤。转化为水肿，是因为气蒸热化，水道不通，浮肿如泥。火盛必伤金，所以严重时侵犯肺脏，咳嗽且便血。 ，儒决切。螈音翅。）如果尺泽穴脉绝，则死，无法治疗。（尺泽穴是肺经穴位。按语：前章少阴司天热淫所胜提到尺泽，少阳司天火淫所胜提到天府，本章所言与前章相反，但都是肺经穴位，因为火克金，所以能互相见到其危害。）
阳明燥金之复，清气大举，树木枝叶凋零，毛虫遭受灾祸，病生于胁肋，气机归于左侧，喜欢叹气，严重时心痛痞满，腹胀且泄泻，呕吐咳嗽呃逆心烦，病位在膈中，头痛，严重时侵犯肝脏，惊骇筋挛。（阳明燥金之复，所以清气大举，树木凋零，毛虫受灾，是金克木。病生于胁肋，气机归于左侧，是肝木受伤。金气盛则木郁火衰而阳气不达，所以喜欢叹气。严重时心痛痞满，腹胀泄泻，呕吐咳嗽呃逆心烦，是清邪在中。头痛，是阴寒外束，热聚于经脉。金强侮肝，所以出现惊骇筋挛的病证。）如果太冲穴脉绝，则死，无法治疗。（太冲穴是肝经穴位。）
太阳寒水之复，厥气上行，水凝结雨成冰，羽虫死亡，心和胃产生寒邪，胸中不利，心痛痞满，头痛且易悲伤，时常眩晕跌倒，食欲减退，腰脊反侧疼痛，屈伸不便，大地开裂冰层坚固，阳光不明，少腹牵引睾丸，牵连腰脊，气上冲心，唾出清水，以及发生呃逆嗳气，严重时侵犯心脏，健忘且易悲伤。（太阳寒水之复，其气上行，则水凝雨冰。羽虫属火，水盛则死。其病症为心和胃生寒，所以胸中不利。心痛痞满，是寒在膈间。头痛且易悲伤，是寒并于上而阳神虚弱。时常眩晕跌倒、食欲减退，是清阳失位而胃中寒。腰脊反侧疼痛、屈伸不便，是寒归水脏而连及太阳经。大地开裂冰层坚固、阳光不明，是水令施行。少腹牵引睾丸，牵连腰脊，上冲于心，是寒客三阴，上侵君火。唾出清水及呃逆嗳气，是寒水侮土，胃脘无阳。寒甚者必乘心，心藏神，神不足则健忘悲伤。 音谁。睾音高。）如果神门穴脉绝，则死，无法治疗。（神门穴是心经穴位。）
岐伯说：厥阴之复，用酸寒药治疗，佐以甘辛药，用酸味泻肝，用甘味缓急。（厥阴风木之复，治以酸寒，酸是木的正味，用酸泻肝，木火相生，宜用寒凉清热。佐以甘辛，木盛则土衰，用甘补土，辛从金化，用辛制木。泻，是泻肝之实；缓，是缓肝之急。）
少阴之复，用咸寒药治疗，佐以苦辛药，用甘味泻火，用酸味收敛，用苦味发散，用咸味软坚。（少阴君火之复，治以咸寒，是用所不胜之水来制约火。佐以苦辛，是为了发散热邪。用甘泻之，甘能泻火。用酸收之，收敛浮热。用苦发之，发散火郁。用咸软之，解除热结。）
太阴之复，用苦热药治疗，佐以酸辛药，用苦味泻土，燥湿利水。（太阴湿土之复，治以苦热，苦能泻土，热能燥湿。佐以酸辛，酸能制土，辛能温寒。用苦泻之，燥之泄之，是通过泻法夺其壅滞，通过燥法胜其湿邪，通过泄法利其水湿。）
少阳之复，用咸冷药治疗，佐以苦辛药，用咸味软坚，用酸味收敛，辛苦发散，发散不宜远离热性药，不要犯温凉之忌，治疗方法与少阴相同。（少阳相火之复，与上文少阴之复治法相同。发不远热，无犯温凉，是着重说明使用发散法时，不要犯寒凉之忌。少阴的治疗也是如此。）
阳明之复，用辛温药治疗，佐以苦甘药，用苦味泄下，用酸味补益。（阳明燥金之复，治以辛温，辛是金的正味，用辛泻金，金的清燥，用温来胜之。佐以苦甘，苦从火化，用苦制金，木被金伤，用甘缓急。用苦泄之下之，是开通燥结以通实邪；用酸补之，是敛津液以滋干涸。）
太阳之复，用咸热药治疗，佐以甘辛药，用苦味坚阴。（太阳寒水之复，治以咸热，咸是水正味，用咸泻水，用热治寒。佐以甘辛，甘从土化，用以制水，辛能散寒。寒水通于肾，肾不坚则寒易起，所以《藏气法时论》说：肾欲坚，急食苦以坚之。）
治疗各种胜复之气，寒者用热药，热者用寒药，温者用清药，清者用温药，散者用收药，抑者用散药，燥者用润药，急者用缓药，坚者用软药，脆者用坚药，衰者用补药，强者用泻药。使各脏之气安宁，保持清静，则病气衰退去除，回归其所宗主的脏腑，这是治疗的总原则。（这是总结前章淫胜、反胜、相胜、相复的治疗，都不外乎此法，则正气得以安定，病气衰退，阴阳宗主各有所归，自然没有偏胜的祸患，而治法也就包含在这里了。脆音翠。）
黄帝说：好。
(Su Wen, Chapter 74: The Most Important and Essential Questions of the Six Qi)
The Yellow Emperor asked: What is the condition of the retaliatory excess of the Six Qi? (The term "Fu" [Retaliation/Rebound] implies retaliation. The prosperity and decline of the Six Qi are not constant; where there is a winning [excessive] qi, there will be a retaliating qi. My commentary: Wang Bing stated: Whenever there is a winning qi first, there must be a retaliating qi later. The New Corrections cite the theory of "Zheng Hua" [Correct Transformation] and "Dui Hua" [Opposite Transformation] from *Xuan Zhu*: The Correct Officer governs the actual climate transformation, while the Opposite Officer governs the relative climate transformation; only when the Opposite Transformation wins is there retaliation, whereas when the Correct Transformation wins, there is no retaliation. This view considers Wang's note incorrect. Others say: In Yang years (Jia, Bing, Wu, Geng, Ren), which are excessive, there is winning but no retaliation; in Yin years (Yi, Ding, Ji, Xin, Gui), which are deficient, there is winning and necessarily retaliation. These are statements that fail to grasp the principle. The way of winning and retaliation manifests according to the prosperity and decline of qi, without strict division between Correct and Opposite transformations. Examining the chapters of this classic, such a statement does not originally exist. The notion that deficiency entails retaliation while excess does not seems derived from *Qi Jiao Bian Da Lun*, where excessive movements do not mention retaliation, only deficient years do. *Liu Yuan Zheng Ji Da Lun* also mentions retaliation only for deficient years in its sixty-year cycles, not for excessive years. It seems excessive Yang years have winning but no retaliation. However, *Wu Chang Zheng Da Lun* states: In the纪 (Period) of Fa Sheng [Wood Excess], if virtue is not practiced, the Gathering Qi [Metal] retaliates. In the Period of He Xi [Fire Excess], if governance is violent, the Zang Qi retaliates. In the Period of Dun Fu [Earth Excess], great winds arrive swiftly, injuring the Spleen with evil. In the Period of Jian Cheng [Metal Excess], if governance changes violently, the Growing Qi [Fire] rescues. In the Period of Liu Yan [Water Excess], if governance is excessive, the Transforming Qi [Earth] rises greatly. All these use excessive years as examples. Thus, Yang years do have retaliation. It is merely that Yin years are weak; when external winning qi attacks, the Son Qi rises to retaliate, hence called "Retaliation." Yang years are strong; there is no one to win against us, so we win against others through succession and control. However, "Cheng" [Succession/Control] and "Fu" [Retaliation] share the same principle. That which controls successively is called "Cheng," while that which retaliates due to being won against is called "Fu." Winning and retaliating follow each other without gap. Hence, the Classic says: Where there is winning, there is retaliation; where there is no winning, there is none. When winning occurs, retaliation follows, with no fixed number. It also says: Minor winning brings minor retaliation; severe winning brings severe retaliation. Since the degree of qi cannot be borrowed or faked, what talk is there of Yin/Yang correctness regarding retaliation? Therefore, this chapter does not distinguish between excessive and deficient years; there are always excessive, counter-winning, mutual-winning, and retaliating qi changes. It can be seen that Yang years are not necessarily entirely prosperous, yet counter-winning occurs; Yin years are not necessarily entirely declining, yet excessive winning occurs. Heaven and Earth change endlessly; one should observe based on the timing of the qi using the principles of Fang Yue to grasp the subtlety. If one insists on literal interpretation at the expense of meaning, one errs greatly.)
Qibo replied: How thorough your question is!
In the retaliation of Jueyin [Wind-Wood]: There is hardness and fullness in the lower abdomen, internal urgency and sudden pain, trees overturning and sand flying, insects failing to thrive, Jueyin heart pain with sweating, vomiting, inability to keep food down or regurgitation immediately after eating, tremors and dizziness of sinews and bones, cold extremities and厥 (Jue), and if severe, invasion into the Spleen causing Shi Bi [food stagnation with obstruction] and vomiting. (Jueyin Wind-Wood retaliation internally corresponds to Liver Qi. Hardness/fullness in the lower abdomen indicates Liver Evil excess. Internal urgency/pain is because the Liver governs tendons/membranes, and its Qi is urgent. Trees overturning/sand flying indicates severe Wind. Insects failing to thrive means Wood overacting on Earth. Jueyin heart pain with sweating: Liver Evil attacks the Stomach and overwhelms the Heart, causing Yang Qi to leak. Food issues indicate Spleen injury by Liver Wood. Tremors/dizziness are caused by Wind pathogen. Severe Wind often involves controlling transformations, leading to cold extremities. Shi Bi refers to food entering but not digesting, causing distension/pain/vomiting until expelled.) If Chongyang [ST42] pulse vanishes, death is inevitable and untreatable. (Chongyang is the Stomach Meridian point; Stomach Qi extinction leads to Spleen Qi extinction. Note: Previous chapters mentioned only Si Tian [Heavenly] six pulses; this chapter clarifies Zai Quan [Earthly] transformations, as Earth Qi dominates the end of the four seasons, making retaliation normal.)
In the retaliation of Shaoyin [Ministerial Fire]: Internal heat and oppression, irritability, nasal congestion and sneezing, lower abdominal cramping pain, fire signs appearing like burning with dry throat. Bowel/bladder function alternates between open and blocked. Qi moves on the left and ascends on the right. Cough, skin pain, sudden loss of voice, heart pain, depression/fainting/unconsciousness, followed by shivering chills, delirium, then fever, thirst wanting drink, shortness of breath, bone withering, intestinal blockage with constipation, external edema, belching/hiccup. Red Qi transforms later, flowing water does not freeze, heat prevails, shell-dwelling creatures suffer, diseases like Fei [miliaria/rash], Zhen [rash], Chuang Yang [sores/ulcers], Yong Ju [abscesses], Cuo [acne], Zhi [hemorrhoids] occur. If severe, invasion into the Lung causes cough and Bi Yuan [nasal sinusitis]. (Shaoyin Ministerial Fire retaliation: Internal heat/oppression/irritability/nasal symptoms indicate Fire excess in middle and flaring upward. Lower abdominal pain indicates Fire in Yin. Burning/dry throat indicates surface scorching and Fire in throat. Alternating bowel/bladder issues indicate Fire in the two excretions. Qi moving left/right relates to Yang rising East and Fire overcoming Metal. Cough/skin pain/aphonia: Lung governs voice and skin, injured by Fire. Heart pain/fainting: Heart Evil excess confuses Shen [Spirit]. Chills/delirium/fever: Water-Fire struggle, extreme heat generates cold. Thirst: Loss of Jin Ye [Fluids]. Shortness of breath/bone withering: Strong Fire consumes Qi, extreme heat injures Essence. Constipation: Heat knotting. Edema/belching: Heat causes swelling, Fire rebels upward. Red Qi late: Yangming won first, Shaoyin retaliates later. No ice/shell creatures suffer: Fire controls Metal. Sores/Acne/Hemorrhoids: Fire conquers Lung Metal, affecting skin/hair. Severe Lung injury causes cough/Bi Yuan. Pronunciations: Qiu [qiú], Ti [dì], , Huo [huò], Fei [fèi], Cuo [cuó].] If Tianfu [LU3] pulse vanishes, death is inevitable and untreatable. (Tianfu is a Lung Meridian point.)
In the retaliation of Taiyin [Damp-Earth]: Dampness transformations arise, heavy body, chest/epigastric fullness, undigested food/drink, Yin Qi rebelling upward, chest discomfort, phlegm-fluids arising internally, cough/wheezing with sound, heavy rains frequent, scale-bearing creatures appear on land, heavy headache with dizziness/tremors especially severe, vomiting with silence, spitting clear fluid. If severe, invasion into Kidney causes uncontrolled diarrhea/urination. (Taiyin Damp-Earth retaliation: Heavy body/fullness/undigested food self-injures via similar Qi. Yin Qi rebellion/chest discomfort: Damp transforming to Cold. Phlegm/cough: Damp invading Spleen/Lung. Rains/scale creatures: Damp command active. Headache/tremors: Damp in Three Yang meridians, sinews/fluids soft. Vomiting/silence/clear spit: Internal Cold-Damp. Severe Kidney invasion: Earth Evil transmits to Kidney; Kidney opens to two passages, losing control.) If Taixi [KI3] pulse vanishes, death is inevitable and untreatable. (Taixi is a Kidney Meridian point.)
In the retaliation of Shaoyang [Ministerial Fire]: Great heat approaches, dryness and burning, shell-dwelling creatures waste, fright/tremors/cough/epistaxis, heart heat/irritability, frequent urination/fear of wind, Jue Qi ascending, face like floating dust, eyes twitching. Fire erupts internally, manifesting above as mouth ulcers, vomiting/reversal, blood overflow/hematochezia, developing into Malaria with chills/shivering, extreme cold turning to heat, throat collaterals scorched/dried, thirst for fluids, yellow/red complexion, shortness of breath/withered pulses, transforming into edema. If severe, invasion into Lung causes cough and blood leakage. (Shaoyang Ministerial Fire retaliation: Great heat/dryness/burning. Shell creatures [Metal] waste. Fright/tremors/cough/epistaxis/heart heat: Fire attacking Heart/Lung. Frequent urination/wind fear: Heat in interior/exterior. Ascending Jue Qi/face/eyes: Fire erupting internally/upward, changing form/color, forcing blood. Malaria/chills/heat reversal: Wind-Fire conflict, Yin-Yang merging. Scorched throat/thirst: Fluid depletion. Yellow/red color: Heat in Spleen/Heart. Shortness of breath/pulse: Qi/Blood injury. Edema: Steam/Heat blocking water pathways. Lung invasion: Fire damages Metal. Pronunciations: , Ruojue [ruójüé], Yi [chì].] If ChiZe [LU5] pulse vanishes, death is inevitable and untreatable. (ChiZe is a Lung Meridian point. Note: Previous chapters linked ChiZe to Shaoyin Si Tian heat, Tianfu to Shaoyang Si Tian fire. Here reversed, but both Lung points, showing Fire-Metal harm.)
In the retaliation of Yangming [Dryness-Metal]: Clear Qi [Cold/Dry] rises greatly, forests wither, hair-bearing creatures suffer. Disease arises in hypochondrium, Qi returns to left, frequent sighing. If severe, heart pain, epigastric fullness, abdominal distension/diarrhea, vomiting/cough/hiccups/irritability. Disease in Diaphragm, headache. If severe, invasion into Liver causes fright/tendon spasms. (Yangming Dryness-Metal retaliation: Clear Qi rise/withering/hair creatures suffer: Metal conquers Wood. Hypochondrium/left Qi/Sighing: Liver Wood injured. Metal excess suppresses Wood/Fire, Yang Qi blocked. Heart pain/fullness/diarrhea/vomiting/cough/irritation: Clear Evil in Middle. Headache: External Cold binding, Heat gathering in channels. Metal bullying Liver: Fright/spasms.) If Taichong [LR3] pulse vanishes, death is inevitable and untreatable. (Taichong is a Liver Meridian point.)
In the retaliation of Taiyang [Cold-Water]: Jue Qi ascends, water freezes/rain turns to ice, feather-bearing creatures die. Heart/Stomach generate Cold, chest discomfort, heart pain/epigastric fullness, headache, prone to sadness, occasional vertigo/fainting, reduced appetite, back pain opposite side, difficulty bending/stretching. Ground cracks/ice hardens, sunlight obscured. Lower abdomen pulls testicles, radiating to waist/spine, rushing up to Heart. Spitting clear fluid, hiccups/belching. If severe, invasion into Heart causes forgetfulness/sadness. (Taiyang Cold-Water retaliation: Ascending Qi freezes water/ice. Feather creatures [Fire] die due to Water excess. Heart/Stomach Cold/Chest discomfort: Cold in Diaphragm. Headache/Sadness: Cold overwhelming Upper, Yang Shen deficient. Vertigo/Appetite loss: Clear Yang displaced, Stomach Cold. Back pain/stiffness: Cold in Water Organ affecting Taiyang channel. Cracks/Ice/No Sun: Water command active. Abdominal pull/Testicle/Waist/Heart: Cold invading Three Yin, attacking Ministerial Fire. Clear fluid/Hiccups: Cold-Water insulting Earth, Stomach Yang absent. Severe Heart invasion: Heart houses Shen; Shen deficiency causes forgetfulness/sadness. Pronunciations: Shei [shuí], Gao [gāo].] If Shenmen [HT7] pulse vanishes, death is inevitable and untreatable. (Shenmen is a Heart Meridian point.)
The Yellow Emperor said: Excellent. How to treat? (Treating Six Qi Retaliation.)
Qibo said: For Jueyin Retaliation, treat with Sour-Cold herbs, assist with Sweet-Acrid herbs. Use Sour to drain [Liver], use Sweet to relax [tendons]. (Jueyin Wind-Wood retaliation: Sour-Cold treats Wood's true flavor; Sour drains Liver. Wood generates Fire, so Cool clears. Assist Sweet-Acrid: Wood excess weakens Earth, Sweet tonifies Earth. Acrid transforms to Metal, controlling Wood. Drain = drain Liver Excess; Relax = relieve Liver urgency.)
For Shaoyin Retaliation, treat with Salty-Cold herbs, assist with Bitter-Acrid herbs. Use Sweet to drain [Fire], Acid to gather [Floating Heat], Bitter to vent [Fire Depression], Salty to soften [Heat Knot]. (Shaoyin Ministerial Fire retaliation: Salty-Cold uses Water to control Fire. Assist Bitter-Acrid to vent heat. Sweet drains Fire. Acid gathers floating heat. Bitter vents Fire depression. Salty softens heat knots.)
For Taiyin Retaliation, treat with Bitter-Hot herbs, assist with Sour-Acrid herbs. Use Bitter to drain [Earth], Dry [Damp], Drain [Water]. (Taiyin Damp-Earth retaliation: Bitter-Hot treats Earth; Bitter drains Earth, Hot dries Damp. Assist Sour-Acrid: Sour controls Earth, Acrid warms Cold. Drain = remove obstruction; Dry = overcome dampness; Drain = promote water flow.)
For Shaoyang Retaliation, treat with Salty-Cold herbs, assist with Bitter-Acrid herbs. Use Salty to soften, Acid to gather, Bitter/Acrid to vent. Venting should not stray far from Heat, avoid Warm/Cool extremes. Method same as Shaoyin. (Shaoyang Ministerial Fire retaliation: Same as Shaoyin above. "Vent not far from Heat" emphasizes avoiding Cold during venting methods.)
For Yangming Retaliation, treat with Acrid-Warm herbs, assist with Bitter-Sweet herbs. Use Bitter to drain/lower [Open Dry Knot], Acid to tonify [Astringe Fluids]. (Yangming Dryness-Metal retaliation: Acrid-Warm treats Metal's true flavor; Acrid drains Metal, Warm overcomes Dryness. Assist Bitter-Sweet: Bitter [Fire] controls Metal. Sweet relieves urgency from Wood injury. Bitter drains/lowers opens dry knots. Acid tonifies astringes fluids to nourish dryness.)
For Taiyang Retaliation, treat with Salty-Hot herbs, assist with Sweet-Acrid herbs. Use Bitter to firm [Kidney]. (Taiyang Cold-Water retaliation: Salty-Hot treats Water's true flavor; Salty drains Water, Hot treats Cold. Assist Sweet-Acrid: Sweet [Earth] controls Water, Acrid disperses Cold. Cold-Water connects to Kidney; if Kidney not firm, Cold rises easily. *Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun* says: Kidney desires firmness, eat Bitter to firm it.)
To treat all Winning/Retaliating Qi: Cold treated with Heat, Heat treated with Cold, Warm treated with Clear, Clear treated with Warm, Scattered gathered, Suppressed dispersed, Dry moistened, Urgent relaxed, Firm softened, Brittle strengthened, Deficient tonified, Excess drained. Calm each Qi, ensure clarity and stillness, then disease Qi declines, returning to its source. This is the general principle of treatment. (Summary of previous chapters' treatments for Excessive/Counter/Mutual/Retaliating Qi. All fall under this method, stabilizing Righteous Qi, reducing Disease Qi, restoring Yin-Yang balance, preventing bias. Treatment ends here. Cuì [cuì].)
The Yellow Emperor said: Excellent.