（《素问·刺疟篇》全）
足太阳之疟，令人腰痛头重，寒从背起，先寒后热， 然，热止汗出难已，刺 中出血。（此下言足六经之疟
刺也。头背腰皆足太阳经之所行，故为是病。 、 ，皆热甚貌。邪在三阳，盛于表也。汗不易收，故曰难已。刺
中者，按王氏曰∶太阳之 ，是谓金门。又曰∶《黄帝中诰图经》云∶委中主之。则古法以委中为 中也。故当以委中
为的，二穴皆系本经。 ，郝、嚣二音，又呼木切。 音谒。 ，隙同。）足少阳之疟，令人身体解 ，寒不甚，热不甚，
恶见人，见人心惕惕然，热多汗出甚，刺足少阳。（解，懈也。 ，迹也。身体解 ，谓不耐烦劳，形迹困倦也。寒不甚、
热不甚者，病在半表半里也。见人惕惕然者，邪在胆也。少阳为木火之经，故热多于寒而汗出甚也。当刺足少阳之经，
王氏云侠溪主之。按∶解 之义，王氏即以寒不甚热不甚为解；然细详之，若有不然。观其既云身体解 ，复云寒热不
甚，分明各有所谓，意本不同。观《刺要论》曰∶髓伤则销铄 酸，体解 然不去矣。是岂非举动解倦之谓乎？及考
字，不收于韵，若音为亦，殊无意味，当从迹韵，庶乎为妥。）足阳明之疟，令人先寒，洒淅洒淅，寒甚，久乃热，热去
汗出，喜见日月光火气乃快然，刺足阳明跗上。（阳明虽多血多气之经，而寒邪胜之，故先为寒，久乃热，热去则邪解，
故汗出。《经脉篇》曰∶阳明病至则恶人与火。今反喜见日月光及得火气乃快然者何也？盖阳明受阳邪，胃之实也，故恶
热；阳明受阴邪，胃之虚也，故喜暖耳。跗上，即本经之冲阳穴。淅音昔。）足太阴之疟，令人不乐，好太息，不嗜食，
多寒热汗出，病至则善呕，呕已乃衰，即取之。（脾者心之子，脾病则心气不舒，故不乐。脾不化则上焦痞塞，故好太息
而不嗜食。太阴主里，邪不易解，故多寒热汗出。脾脉络胃上膈挟咽，故病至则善呕。然必待其呕已病衰，方可取之。
王氏曰∶取之井俞及公孙也。皆本经穴。）足少阴之疟，令人呕吐甚，多寒热，热多寒少，欲闭户牖而处，其病难已。（肾
脉上贯肝膈，入肺中，循喉咙，阴邪上冲，故为呕吐甚。肾病则阴虚，阴虚故热多寒少。病在阴者喜静，故欲闭户牖而
处。肾为至阴之脏而邪居之，故病深难已。此不言刺者，必缺失也。王氏曰∶大钟、太溪悉主之。皆本经穴。牖音有。）
足厥阴之疟，令人腰痛，少腹满，小便不利如癃状，非癃也，数便，意恐惧，气不足，腹中悒悒，刺足厥阴。（肝脉过阴
器，抵少腹，布胁肋，故为腰腹小便之病。凡小水不利为癃，今曰如癃状，非癃也，盖病不在水而在于肝邪之陷，故亦
如小便不利而急数欲便也。意恐惧者，肝气不足也。腹中悒悒，不畅之貌。皆当刺足厥阴之经，王氏曰∶太冲主之。即
本经穴。癃，良中切。悒音邑。）
肺疟者，令人心寒，寒甚热，热间善惊，如有所见者，刺手太阴、阳明。（此下言五脏疟刺而并及于胃也。肺者心之
盖也，以寒邪而乘所不胜，故肺疟者令人心寒。寒甚复热而心气受伤，故善惊如有所见。当刺其表里二经，以泻阳明之
实，补太阴之虚也，王氏云手太阴之络列缺，阳明之原合谷主之。）心疟者，令人烦心甚，欲得清水，反寒多，不甚热，
刺手少阴。（疟邪在心，故烦心甚，欲得水以解也。心本阳脏，为邪所居，则阳虚阴盛，故反寒多而不甚热。王氏曰神门
主之，即手少阴穴。）肝疟者，令人色苍苍然，太息，其状若死者，刺足厥阴见血。（肝属木，故色苍苍然。肝郁则气逆，
故太息。木病则坚强，故其状若死。刺足厥阴见血者，王氏曰中封主之。按∶上文已言足厥阴等疟，而此重言之。盖上
文所言者，言经病也，故复明脏病之详如此，下文脾肾胃三脏义同。）脾疟者，令人寒，腹中痛，热则肠中鸣，鸣已汗出，
刺足太阴。（脾以至阴之脏而疟邪居之，故令人寒。脾脉自股入腹，故为腹中痛。寒已而热则脾气行，故肠中鸣。鸣已则
阳气外达，故汗出而解也。刺足太阴者，王氏曰商丘主之。）肾疟者，令人洒洒然，腰脊痛宛转，大便难，目 然，手
足寒，刺足太阳、少阴。（洒洒，寒栗貌。肾脉贯脊属肾，开窍于二阴，故腰脊之痛苦于宛转而大便难也。 然，眩动
貌。目视不明，水之亏也。手足寒，阴之厥也。刺足太阳、少阴之表里，取穴如前。 音眩。）胃疟者，令人且病也，善
饥而不能食，食而支满腹大，刺足阳明、太阴横脉出血。（腑有六而此独言胃者，以胃为六腑之长也。邪在阳明则胃病及
脾，故善饥不能食而支满腹大也。当兼刺阳明之表里，王氏曰∶厉兑、解溪、三里主之，足阳明者取此三穴，足太阴刺
其横脉出血，谓足内踝前斜过大脉，则太阴之经。盖即商丘也。）
疟发身方热，刺跗上动脉，开其空，出其血，立寒。（此下言诸疟之刺法也。身方热者，谓于未发之前，热将作也。
疟之先热者，温疟也。跗上动脉，当是足阳明之冲阳穴。阳明为多气多血之经，热盛气壮，故出其血，可以退热邪也。）
疟方欲寒，刺手阳明、太阴，足阳明、太阴。（疟方欲寒，寒之将发未发也。刺手足阳明，可以泻热；刺手足太阴，可以
补阴。王氏曰当随此四经之井俞而刺之。）疟脉满大急，刺背俞，用中针，旁五 俞各一，适肥瘦出其血也。（满大急，
阳邪之实也。背为诸阳所出，故当刺之，即五 俞也。 者，胁也，一曰旁开也。《水热穴论》曰∶五脏俞旁五，以泻五
脏之热。即此谓也。盖此五者，乃五脏俞旁之穴，以其旁开近胁，故曰旁五 俞，即魄户、神堂、魂门、意舍、志室也，
皆足太阳经穴。适肥瘦出血者，谓瘦者浅之，少出血；肥者深之，多出血也。 音区。）疟脉小实急，灸胫少阴，刺指井。
（脉小实急，阴邪胜也。阴盛者生内寒，故当灸胫之少阴以散寒，刺指之井以补阳也。王氏曰灸胫少阴，是谓复溜；刺
指井者，谓足太阳之至阴。）疟脉满大急，刺背俞，用五 俞背俞各一，适行至于血也。（此节重复。）疟脉缓大虚，便宜
用药，不宜用针。（针有泻而无补，故脉虚者不宜用针。《脉度篇》曰∶盛者泻之，虚者饮药以补之。即此之谓。）凡治疟，
先发如食顷，乃可以治，过之则失时也。（先时邪正未合，故可以治。既合而治，则邪正不分，反伤气矣。）诸疟而脉不
见，刺十指间出血，血去必已，先视身之赤如小豆者尽取之。（脉不见者，邪盛气逆而脉伏也，故当刺十指之血以泻其实。）
十二疟者，其发各不同时，察其病形，以知其何脉之病也。（十二疟者，如前之六经六藏也。其发不同，故当因其形证而
察属何经之病。）先其发时如食顷而刺之，一刺则衰，二刺则知，三刺则已；（一刺之病气虽衰，犹未觉也，故必再刺，
始知其效，三刺而后病可已。）不已，刺舌下两脉出血；（如下文。）不已，刺 中盛经出血；（即委中也。其穴在足太阳，
故曰盛经。）又刺项已下挟脊者必已。（足太阳之大杼、风门也。）舌下两脉者，廉泉也。（任脉穴。）刺疟者，必先问其病
之所先发者，先刺之。（先伐其本也。如下文。）先头痛及重者，先刺头上及两额两眉间出血。（头上者，上星、百会也，
督脉穴。两额者，悬颅也，足少阳穴。两眉间者，攒竹也，足太阳穴。）先项背痛者，先刺之。（在项者，风池、风府主
之。在背者，大杼、神道主之。风府、神道俱督脉穴，风池足少阳穴，大杼足太阳穴。）先腰脊痛者，先刺 中出血。（腰
背皆属太阳，故当刺委中穴。）先手臂痛者，先刺手少阴、阳明十指间。（手少阴、阳明，皆以井穴为言。又刺十指间者，
各随其所病之经也，亦取井穴。）先足胫 痛者，先刺足阳明十指间出血。（十指间出血者，各因邪居之所泻其井也。）风
疟，疟发则汗出恶风，刺三阳经背俞之血者。（三阳经背俞之血，谓足太阳膀胱俞、足阳明胃俞、足少阳胆俞，皆足太阳
经穴。 痛甚，按之不可，名曰 髓病，以 针针绝骨出血，立已。（ ，胫骨也。按之不可，痛益甚也。其邪深伏，
故名曰 髓病。 针，第一针也。绝骨本名悬钟，足少阳经穴。 音杭，又下敬切。 音酸。 音附。 音谗。）身体小
痛，刺至阴。（足太阳经穴。）诸阴之井无出血，间日一刺。（此承上文而言，凡取诸阴之井，皆不可使之出血，但间日一
刺之，则邪气自泄矣。然则可出血者，惟三阳之井，而真阴不可伤也。）疟不渴，间日而作，刺足太阳。（不渴者，内无
邪，邪在表耳，故当刺足太阳。）渴而间日作，刺足少阳。（渴则邪在表里之间，故当刺足少阳。《杂病篇》曰∶疟不渴，
间日而作，取足阳明。渴而日作，取手阳明。与此不同，见针刺类五十三。）温疟汗不出，为五十九刺。（五十九刺法，
详针刺类三十九、四十。）
（《素问·刺疟篇》全文）
足太阳经发生疟疾，使人腰痛、头重，寒气从背部升起，先恶寒后发热，身体灼热，热退后汗出且难以停止，应针刺委中穴出血。（此处开始论述足六经疟疾的针刺方法。头部、背部和腰部都是足太阳经循行的部位，所以会出现这些病症。“”、“”，都是形容热势严重的样子。邪气在三阳经，盛于体表。汗液不易收敛，所以说“难已”。所谓“刺中”，按王冰注解说：足太阳经的郄穴，名叫金门。又说：《黄帝中诰图经》说由委中主治。那么古法是以委中作为“中也”。所以应当以委中为治疗目标，这两个穴位都属于本经。“”郝氏、嚣氏读作háo、xiāo音，又读mù切音。“”读yè音。“郄”同“隙”。）
足少阳经发生疟疾，使人身体懈怠困倦，恶寒不严重，发热也不严重，厌恶见人，见到人心里就惊恐不安，发热多且汗出很多，应针刺足少阳经。（“解”，通“懈”。“”，通“迹”。身体解，是指不耐受疲劳，形体困倦的样子。恶寒不重、发热不重，是因为病在半表半里之间。见到人就惊恐不安，是因为邪气在胆。少阳经属木火之经，所以热多于寒且汗出很多。应当针刺足少阳经，王冰说由侠溪穴主治。按：对于“解”的含义，王冰将其解释为寒不甚热不甚；但仔细推敲，似乎并非如此。看原文既然说了“身体解”，接着又说“寒热不甚”，分明是各有所指，意思本来不同。看《刺要论》说：髓伤则消瘦酸软，身体懈怠困倦不能起身。这难道不是指举动时懈怠疲倦的意思吗？等到考证这个字，它未收录在韵书中，如果读音为“亦”，毫无意味，应当从“迹”韵，这样才稳妥。）
足阳明经发生疟疾，使人先感到寒冷，瑟瑟发抖，寒冷很严重，很久之后才发热，热退后汗出，喜欢见日光月光或火气，感到舒适，应针刺足阳明经足背上的动脉。（阳明经虽然是多血多气的经脉，但寒邪胜过正气，所以先表现为寒，很久后才发热，热退则邪气解除，所以汗出。《经脉篇》说：阳明病发作时厌恶人和火。现在反而喜欢见日光月光及得到火气才舒服，为什么呢？大概阳明经受的是阳邪，是胃的实证，所以厌恶热；阳明经受的是阴邪，是胃的虚证，所以喜欢温暖。跗上，就是本经的冲阳穴。“淅”读xī音。）
足太阴经发生疟疾，使人心情不愉快，喜欢长叹气，不想吃东西，多有寒热汗出，病发时容易呕吐，吐完后病情减轻，这时就可以取穴治疗。（脾是心的子脏，脾病则心气不舒畅，所以心情不愉快。脾不运化则上焦痞塞，所以喜欢长叹气而不想进食。太阴主里，邪气不容易解除，所以多有寒热汗出。脾脉络胃上膈夹咽，所以病发时容易呕吐。然而必须等待其呕吐后病情衰退，才可以取穴治疗。王冰说：取本经的井穴、俞穴以及公孙穴。这些都是本经的穴位。）
足少阴经发生疟疾，使人呕吐严重，多有寒热，热多寒少，想要关上门窗独处，这种病难以治愈。（肾脉上贯肝膈，入肺中，沿喉咙上行，阴邪上冲，所以呕吐严重。肾病则阴虚，阴虚所以热多寒少。病在阴分的人喜欢安静，所以想要关上门窗独处。肾为至阴之脏而邪气居于其中，所以病深重难以治愈。这里没有提到针刺的方法，一定是原文有缺失。王冰说：大钟、太溪二穴都主治此病。都是本经穴位。“牖”读yǒu音。）
足厥阴经发生疟疾，使人腰痛，小腹胀满，小便不利像癃闭的样子，其实不是癃闭，而是尿频，心中恐惧，气不足，腹部郁闷不畅，应针刺足厥阴经。（肝脉经过生殖器，抵少腹，布胁肋，所以出现腰腹和小便方面的病症。凡是小便不利称为癃，现在说像癃闭的样子，其实不是癃闭，大概病不在水液代谢而在肝邪下陷，所以也像小便不利而急迫想排尿。心中恐惧，是肝气不足的表现。腹部郁闷不畅，是不通畅的样子。都应当针刺足厥阴经，王冰说由太冲穴主治。即本经穴位。“癃”读lóng音。“悒”读yì音。）
肺疟，使人心中寒冷，寒冷严重继而发热，发热间隙容易惊悸，好像看到了什么怪异的东西，应针刺手太阴经和手阳明经。（此处以下论述五脏疟疾的针刺并涉及胃。肺是心的盖子，因寒邪乘袭所不胜之脏，所以肺疟使人心中寒冷。寒冷严重后又发热，心气受伤，所以容易惊悸好像看到了什么。应当针刺其表里两经，以泻阳明之实，补太阴之虚。王冰说手太阴经的络穴列缺，阳明经的原穴合谷主治。）
心疟，使人心中烦乱严重，想要喝冷水，反而恶寒多，发热不严重，应针刺手少阴经。（疟邪在心，所以心中烦乱严重，想要喝水来缓解。心本是阳脏，被邪气占据，则阳虚阴盛，所以反而恶寒多而不怎么发热。王冰说神门穴主治，即手少阴经穴位。）
肝疟，使人面色苍青，喜欢长叹气，神态像死了一样，应针刺足厥阴经使其出血。（肝属木，所以面色苍青。肝郁则气逆，所以喜欢长叹气。木病则坚强，所以神态像死了一样。针刺足厥阴经使其出血，王冰说中封穴主治。按：上文已经说过足厥阴等疟疾，这里又重新提及。大概上文所说的是经病，所以再次详细说明脏病的详情，下文脾、肾、胃三脏的道理相同。）
脾疟，使人发冷，腹中疼痛，发热则肠鸣，肠鸣后汗出，应针刺足太阴经。（脾作为至阴之脏而疟邪居于其中，所以使人发冷。脾脉自大腿进入腹部，所以腹中疼痛。寒退后发热则脾气运行，所以肠鸣。肠鸣后阳气外达，所以汗出而病解。针刺足太阴经，王冰说商丘穴主治。）
肾疟，使人洒洒然畏寒，腰脊疼痛且辗转反侧，大便困难，视物昏花，手足寒冷，应针刺足太阳经和足少阴经。（“洒洒”，是寒战的样子。肾脉贯穿脊柱属肾，开窍于前后二阴，所以腰脊痛苦于辗转反侧且大便困难。“”，是眩晕晃动的样子。视物不明，是水液亏损的表现。手足寒冷，是阴气厥逆的表现。针刺足太阳、少阴的表里两经，取穴如前所述。“”读xuàn音。）
胃疟，使人刚要发病时，容易饥饿但不能进食，吃了东西则感觉支撑胀满，腹部膨大，应针刺足阳明经、足太阴经的横脉使其出血。（六腑中有六个，这里唯独提到胃，是因为胃是六腑之长。邪气在阳明则胃病及脾，所以容易饥饿但不能进食且支撑胀满腹部膨大。应当兼刺阳明经的表里两经，王冰说厉兑、解溪、三里穴主治，足阳明经取这三个穴位，足太阴经刺其横脉出血，指的是足内踝前斜过的大脉，即太阴经。大概就是指商丘穴。）
疟疾发作时身体正发热，针刺足背上的动脉，开放其孔隙，放出血液，热度立刻消退。（此处以下论述各种疟疾的针刺方法。身方热，是指在未发作之前，热将要发作的时候。疟疾先热的，是温疟。跗上动脉，应当是足阳明经的冲阳穴。阳明经是多气多血的经脉，热盛气壮，所以放出血液，可以退去热邪。）
疟疾正要发冷时，针刺手阳明经、手太阴经，足阳明经、足太阴经。（疟疾正要发冷，是寒冷将要发作还未发作的时候。针刺手足阳明经，可以泻热；针刺手足太阴经，可以补阴。王冰说应当随这四经的井穴、俞穴进行针刺。）
疟疾病人脉象满大紧急，针刺背部的俞穴，使用中号针，在五俞旁各一穴，根据肥瘦决定出血量。（满大急，是阳邪的实证。背部是诸阳经发出的地方，所以应当针刺，即五俞旁之穴。“”通“胁”，一说指旁边。《水热穴论》说：五脏俞旁有五穴，用以泻五脏之热。说的就是这个。这五个穴位，是五脏俞旁边的穴位，因为它们旁边靠近胁部，所以叫旁五俞，即魄户、神堂、魂门、意舍、志室穴，都属于足太阳经。根据肥瘦出血，是说瘦的人浅刺，少出血；胖的人深刺，多出血。“”读qū音。）
疟疾病人脉象小实紧急，灸小腿部的少阴经穴位，针刺手指端的井穴。（脉小实急，是阴邪胜的表现。阴盛则生内寒，所以应当灸小腿部的少阴经以散寒，刺手指端的井穴以补阳。王冰说灸胫少阴，是指复溜穴；刺指井，是指足太阳经的至阴穴。）
疟疾病人脉象满大紧急，针刺背部的俞穴，用五俞和背俞各一穴，根据运行情况直到出血。（这一节是重复的内容。）
疟疾病人脉象缓大虚弱，适宜用药，不适宜用针。（针只有泻的作用而没有补的作用，所以脉虚的人不适宜用针。《脉度篇》说：盛者泻之，虚者饮药以补之。说的就是这个道理。）
凡是治疗疟疾，要在发作前大约一顿饭的时间进行治疗，过了这个时候就失去了时机。（发作前邪气与正气尚未结合，所以可以治疗。既已结合再治疗，则邪正不分，反而损伤正气。）
各种疟疾如果脉搏摸不到，针刺十个手指间出血，血流出后病必愈，先观察身上有红色如小豆大小的斑点全部刺破。（脉搏摸不到，是邪气盛气机逆乱导致脉伏，所以应当刺十指间的血以泻其实邪。）
十二种疟疾，它们的发作时间各不相同，观察病人的症状表现，从而知道是哪条经脉的病。（十二种疟疾，如前所述的六经和五脏疟。它们的发作时间不同，所以应当根据其形证来判断属于哪条经的病。）
在发作前大约一顿饭的时间进行针刺，刺一次病气衰减，刺两次见效，刺三次病愈；（刺一次虽然病气衰减，但病人还没有感觉，所以必须再刺，才能知道疗效，刺三次后病才可痊愈。）
如果还没好，针刺舌下两条脉络出血；（如下文所述。）
如果还没好，针刺委中穴处充盛的经脉出血；（就是委中穴。该穴在足太阳经，所以叫盛经。）
又针刺项部以下挟脊的穴位，病必愈。（足太阳经的大杼穴、风门穴。）
舌下两条脉络，就是廉泉穴。（任脉穴位。）
针刺治疗疟疾，必须先询问病人哪里最先发病，就先针刺那里。（先攻伐病根。如下文所述。）
如果先头痛且身体沉重，先针刺头顶及两额、两眉间出血。（头顶，指上星、百会穴，督脉穴位。两额，指悬颅穴，足少阳经穴位。两眉间，指攒竹穴，足太阳经穴位。）
如果先项部背痛，先针刺那里。（在项部的，由风池、风府穴主治。在背部的，由大杼、神道穴主治。风府、神道均属督脉穴，风池属足少阳经穴，大杼属足太阳经穴。）
如果先腰脊痛，先针刺委中穴出血。（腰背都属于太阳经，所以应当刺委中穴。）
如果先手臂痛，先针刺手少阴经、手阳明经十指间。（手少阴、手阳明，都以井穴来说明。又刺十指间，是各随其所病之经，也取井穴。）
如果先足胫酸痛，先针刺足阳明经十指间出血。（十指间出血，是各因邪气所在之处而泻其井穴。）
风疟，疟疾发作时汗出恶风，针刺三阳经背部俞穴处的血络。（三阳经背部俞穴的血络，指足太阳膀胱俞、足阳明胃俞、足少阳胆俞，都属于足太阳经穴位。）
如果骨痛剧烈，按压时疼痛加剧，名叫髓病，用针针刺绝骨穴出血，立刻痊愈。（“”，指胫骨。按之不可，指疼痛更加厉害。邪气深伏，所以名叫髓病。“针”，是第一号针。绝骨原名悬钟，足少阳经穴位。“”读háng，又读xià jìng切音。“”读suān音。“”读fù音。“”读chán音。）
所有阴经的井穴不可出血，隔日刺一次。（这是承接上文而言，凡是取用诸阴经的井穴，都不可以使它们出血，只要隔日刺一次，邪气自然泄出。然而可以出血的，只有三阳经的井穴，因为真阴不可损伤。）
疟疾不口渴，隔日发作，针刺足太阳经。（不口渴，说明内部无邪，邪在体表，所以应当针刺足太阳经。）
口渴且隔日发作，针刺足少阳经。（口渴则邪在半表半里之间，所以应当针刺足少阳经。《杂病篇》说：疟疾不渴，隔日发作，取足阳明经。口渴且每日发作，取手阳明经。这与本文不同，详见针刺类第五十三篇。）
温疟汗不出，采用五十九刺法。（五十九刺法，详见针刺类第三十九、四十篇。）
(Full text from "Ci Nie Pian" [Chapter on Acupuncture for Malaria] of *Suwen* [Basic Questions])
Malaria involving the Foot-Taiyang meridian causes lower back pain and a heavy head, with cold sensation arising from the back. It begins with chills followed by fever; after the fever subsides, sweating occurs but is difficult to stop. Bleeding should be induced at Weizhong (BL-40). (Here follows the discussion on acupuncture treatment for malaria of the six meridians of the foot. The head, back, and waist are pathways of the Foot-Taiyang meridian, hence these symptoms occur. "Xiao Xiao" and "Xi Xi" describe severe heat. Pathogens in the Three Yang meridians are abundant at the exterior. Sweat is hard to retain, hence "difficult to stop." Regarding "sticking at Zhong," Wang Bing notes: The Xi-Cleft point of the Taiyang meridian is Jinmen (BL-63). Also, *Huangdi Zhonggao Tu Jing* states it is governed by Weizhong (BL-40). Thus, ancient methods considered Weizhong as "Zhong." Therefore, Weizhong should be the target; both points belong to this meridian. "Xiao" is pronounced háo or xiāo by Hao and Xiao, or mù qiē. "Xi" is pronounced yè. "Xi" is synonymous with "xi" [gap].)
Malaria involving the Foot-Shaoyang meridian causes the body to feel weak and fatigued ("jie jie"), with mild chills and mild fever. Patients dislike seeing people and feel fearful upon seeing them. There is much heat and profuse sweating. Acupuncture should be applied to the Foot-Shaoyang meridian. ("Jie" means "xie" [weakness]; "ji" means "trace." "Body jie jie" refers to intolerance to labor and physical fatigue. Mild chills and mild fever indicate the disease is in the half-exterior, half-interior state. Fearfulness upon seeing people indicates pathogens in the Gallbladder. Shaoyang is a Wood-Fire meridian, so heat exceeds chills and sweating is profuse. One should needle the Foot-Shaoyang meridian; Wang Bing says Xiaoxi (GB-43) governs it. Note: Wang Bing interprets "jie" as mild chills and heat; however, careful examination suggests otherwise. Since the text states "body jie jie" and then "chills and heat not severe," they clearly refer to different things. In *Ci Yao Lun*, it is said: "If marrow is injured, it wastes away and becomes sore; the body feels weak and cannot rise." Is this not referring to weakness in movement? Examining the character, it is not in rhyme books; if read as "yi," it lacks meaning. It should follow the "ji" rhyme for appropriateness.)
Malaria involving the Foot-Yangming meridian causes initial chills, shivering severely, with intense cold that lasts for a long time before turning into fever. After the fever subsides, sweating occurs. Patients prefer sunlight, moonlight, or fire warmth, feeling comforted. Acupuncture should be applied to the dorsum of the foot of the Foot-Yangming meridian. Although the Yangming meridian has abundant blood and qi, when cold pathogens prevail, chills appear first. After a long time, heat appears; when heat subsides, pathogens resolve, causing sweating. *Jing Mai Pian* states: "In Yangming disease, patients abhor people and fire." Why do they now prefer sunlight/moonlight/fire? This is because Yangming receiving Yang pathogens represents Stomach excess, leading to aversion to heat; Yangming receiving Yin pathogens represents Stomach deficiency, leading to preference for warmth. "Fu shang" [dorsum of foot] refers to Chongyang (ST-42), a point of this meridian. "Xi" is pronounced xī.)
Malaria involving the Foot-Taiyin meridian causes dissatisfaction, frequent sighing, loss of appetite, and frequent chills, fever, and sweating. Upon onset, vomiting often occurs; the condition improves after vomiting. Treatment can then proceed. (Spleen is the child of Heart; Spleen disease leads to constrained Heart qi, causing dissatisfaction. If Spleen fails to transform, Upper Jiao becomes obstructed, causing sighing and anorexia. Taiyin governs the interior, where pathogens are hard to resolve, leading to frequent chills, fever, and sweating. The Spleen meridian connects to the Stomach, passes through the diaphragm, and flanks the throat, so vomiting occurs upon onset. However, one must wait until after vomiting when the pathogen declines before needling. Wang Bing says: Treat the Jing-River/Shu points and Gongsun (SP-4). These are all points of this meridian.)
Malaria involving the Foot-Shaoyin meridian causes severe vomiting, frequent chills and fever, with more heat than chills. Patients desire to close doors and windows and stay alone. This disease is difficult to cure. (The Kidney meridian passes through the liver and diaphragm, enters the lungs, and follows the throat. Yin pathogens rushing upward cause severe vomiting. Kidney disease leads to Yin deficiency, resulting in more heat than chills. Diseases in the Yin aspect favor quietness, hence the desire to stay alone behind closed doors. The Kidney is the organ of Extreme Yin, and pathogens residing there make the disease deep and hard to cure. The absence of acupuncture instructions here implies a textual omission. Wang Bing says: Dazhong (KI-4) and Taixi (KI-3) both govern this. They are points of this meridian. "You" is pronounced yǒu.)
Malaria involving the Foot-Jueyin meridian causes lower back pain, fullness in the lower abdomen, and difficulty urinating resembling strangury (long), though it is not true strangury, but rather frequent urination. There is mental fear, Qi deficiency, and abdominal depression/distress. Acupuncture should be applied to the Foot-Jueyin meridian. (The Liver meridian passes through the genitalia, reaches the lower abdomen, and spreads over the hypochondrium, causing these lumbar, abdominal, and urinary symptoms. Difficulty in urination is called strangury; here it resembles strangury but is not, likely due to Liver pathogen sinking rather than water metabolism issues, causing urgency and frequency. Mental fear indicates Liver Qi deficiency. Abdominal "yi yi" describes a state of stagnation. All should be treated by needling the Foot-Jueyin meridian; Wang Bing says Taichong (LR-3) governs it. "Long" is pronounced lóng. "Yi" is pronounced yì.)
Lung malaria causes coldness in the heart/chest, with severe cold followed by heat. During intervals of heat, patients are prone to fright and hallucinations. Acupuncture should be applied to the Hand-Taiyin and Hand-Yangming meridians. (This section discusses acupuncture for Zang malaria, including the Stomach. Lung is the canopy of the Heart; cold pathogens attacking the unconquered element cause Lung malaria, leading to chest coldness. Severe cold followed by heat injures Heart qi, causing fright and visual disturbances. One should needle the exterior-interior pair meridians to drain Yangming excess and tonify Taiyin deficiency. Wang Bing says: Lieque (LU-7), the Luo-connecting point of Hand-Taiyin, and Hegu (LI-4), the Yuan-source point of Yangming, govern this.)
Heart malaria causes severe mental restlessness and a desire for cold water, but with excessive chills and mild heat. Acupuncture should be applied to the Hand-Shaoyin meridian. (Malaria pathogens in the Heart cause severe restlessness and desire for water to cool down. The Heart is a Yang organ; when occupied by pathogens, Yang becomes deficient and Yin abundant, leading to excessive chills and mild heat. Wang Bing says Shenmen (HT-7) governs it, which is a point of the Hand-Shaoyin meridian.)
Liver malaria causes a pale green complexion, frequent sighing, and a demeanor resembling death. Acupuncture should be applied to the Foot-Jueyin meridian to induce bleeding. (Liver belongs to Wood, hence the green complexion. Liver constraint causes Qi rebellion, leading to sighing. Wood disease causes stiffness, hence the death-like appearance. Needling Foot-Jueyin to bleed: Wang Bing says Zhongfeng (LR-4) governs it. Note: Foot-Jueyin malaria was mentioned earlier; this repetition clarifies Zang disease details versus the earlier Meridian disease description. The same logic applies to Spleen, Kidney, and Stomach below.)
Spleen malaria causes chills and abdominal pain. When heat appears, intestinal sounds are heard; sweating occurs after the sounds cease. Acupuncture should be applied to the Foot-Taiyin meridian. (As the organ of Extreme Yin, Spleen hosting malaria pathogens causes chills. The Spleen meridian enters the abdomen from the thigh, causing abdominal pain. After chills subside and heat appears, Spleen Qi moves, causing borborygmus. After borborygmus, Yang Qi reaches the exterior, causing sweating and resolution. Wang Bing says Shangqiu (SP-5) governs it.)
Kidney malaria causes shivering chills ("sa sa"), painful lower back and spine with twisting movements, difficulty defecating, blurred vision, and cold hands and feet. Acupuncture should be applied to the Foot-Taiyang and Foot-Shaoyin meridians. ("Sa sa" describes shivering. The Kidney meridian penetrates the spine and belongs to the Kidney, opening into the two orifices, causing back/spine pain, twisting, and constipation. "Xuan" describes dizziness/blurred vision. Poor vision indicates Water/Kidney deficiency. Cold extremities indicate Yin reversal. Needle the exterior-interior pair of Foot-Taiyang and Foot-Shaoyin as previously described. "Xuan" is pronounced xuàn.)
Stomach malaria causes hunger pangs during onset, but inability to eat. Eating leads to distension and abdominal enlargement. Acupuncture should be applied to the Foot-Yangming and Foot-Taiyin meridians, inducing bleeding from transverse vessels. (Among the Six Fu organs, only Stomach is mentioned because it is the leader of the Six Fu. Pathogens in Yangming affect Stomach and Spleen, causing hunger without ability to eat, distension, and abdominal swelling. One should needle the exterior-interior pair of Yangming. Wang Bing says Lidui (ST-45), Jiexi (ST-41), and Zusanli (ST-36) govern the Foot-Yangming. For Foot-Taiyin, bleed the transverse vessel, referring to the large oblique vessel anterior to the medial malleolus, i.e., the Taiyin meridian, likely Shangqiu (SP-5).)
When malaria fever is just rising, needle the arterial pulse on the dorsum of the foot, open the aperture, and release blood to immediately reduce heat. (This section discusses general acupuncture for malaria. "Body just hot" refers to the pre-febrile phase. Malaria starting with heat is Warm Malaria. The arterial pulse on the dorsum is Chongyang (ST-42) of the Foot-Yangming meridian. As a meridian of abundant Qi and blood, releasing blood reduces heat pathogens.)
When malaria chills are about to start, needle the Hand-Yangming, Hand-Taiyin, Foot-Yangming, and Foot-Taiyin meridians. ("Chills about to start" means impending chills. Needling Yangming meridians drains heat; needling Taiyin meridians tonifies Yin. Wang Bing says: Needle the Jing-River/Shu points of these four meridians.)
If the malaria pulse is full, large, and urgent, needle the Back-Shu points using medium needles, one point each at the five Shu points beside the Back-Shu, adjusting bleeding according to body fat/thinness. (Full, large, urgent pulses indicate Yang pathogen excess. The back is the pathway of Yang meridians, so needle the five Shu points beside the Back-Shu. "Qu" means hypochondrium or side. *Shui Re Xue Lun* states: Five points beside the Five Zang Back-Shu drain Zang heat. These are Pohu (BL-42), Shentang (BL-44), Hunmen (BL-47), Yishe (BL-49), and Zhishi (BL-52), all Foot-Taiyang points. Adjust bleeding based on constitution: shallow/less for thin, deep/more for fat. "Qu" is pronounced qū.)
If the malaria pulse is small, solid, and urgent, moxa the Lower Limb Shaoyin meridian and needle the Digital Jing-Well points. (Small, solid, urgent pulses indicate Yin pathogen excess. Yin excess generates internal cold, so moxa Lower Shaoyin to disperse cold and needle Digital Jing-Well to tonify Yang. Wang Bing says: Moxa Lower Shaoyin refers to Fuliou (KI-7); needle Digital Jing-Well refers to Zhiyin (BL-67) of Foot-Taiyang.)
[Repeated section]: If the malaria pulse is full, large, and urgent, needle the Back-Shu points, using one point each from the five Shu points and Back-Shu points, adjusting flow until bleeding occurs.
If the malaria pulse is slow, large, and deficient, medication is suitable, but acupuncture is not. (Acupuncture drains but does not tonify; thus, it is unsuitable for deficient pulses. *Mai Du Pian* states: Excess is drained, deficiency is tonified with medicine. This refers to that principle.)
Generally, treat malaria approximately one meal's duration before onset. Missing this timing loses efficacy. (Before onset, pathogen and healthy Qi have not yet combined, allowing effective treatment. Treating after combination confuses pathogen and Qi, damaging healthy Qi.)
For various malaria cases where the pulse is imperceptible, needle the spaces between the ten fingers to release blood; the disease will surely cease. First, observe any red spots like small beans on the body and needle them all. (Imperceptible pulse indicates pathogen excess and Qi reversal causing pulse hiding. Needling finger webs drains excess.)
The twelve types of malaria have different onset times. Observe symptoms to determine the affected meridian. (The twelve types refer to the six meridians and five zang organs discussed above. Different timings require identifying the meridian based on signs.)
Needle approximately one meal's duration before onset. One needle reduces pathogen Qi; two needles show effect; three needles cure. (One needle reduces Qi but patient may not feel it; second needle shows effect; third cures.)
If not cured, needle the two vessels under the tongue to release blood.
If not cured, needle the abundant vessels at Weizhong (BL-40) to release blood. (Weizhong is on Foot-Taiyang, hence "abundant vessel".)
Also needle the points below the neck flanking the spine; the disease will surely cease. (Dazhu (BL-11) and Fengmen (BL-12) of Foot-Taiyang.)
The two vessels under the tongue are Lianquan (CV-23), a Ren meridian point.
When treating malaria, first ask where symptoms started, and needle that area first. (Attack the root first.)
If headache and heaviness start first, needle the top of the head, temples, and glabella to release blood. (Top: Shangxing (GV-23), Baihui (GV-20), Governing Vessel. Temples: Xuanlu (GB-5), Foot-Shaoyang. Glabella: Zanzhu (BL-1), Foot-Taiyang.)
If neck and back pain start first, needle those areas. (Neck: Fengchi (GB-20), Fengfu (GV-16). Back: Dazhu (BL-11), Shendao (GV-11). Fengfu/Shendao are Governing Vessel; Fengchi is Foot-Shaoyang; Dazhu is Foot-Taiyang.)
If lower back and spine pain start first, needle Weizhong (BL-40) to release blood. (Waist and back belong to Taiyang.)
If arm pain starts first, needle the spaces between the ten fingers of Hand-Shaoyin and Hand-Yangming. (Refers to Jing-Well points. Needling finger webs treats the specific meridian involved.)
If lower leg pain starts first, needle the spaces between the ten toes of Foot-Yangming to release blood. (Releasing blood from toe webs drains Jing-Well points where pathogens reside.)
Wind malaria, characterized by sweating and aversion to wind upon onset, should be treated by bleeding the Back-Shu points of the Three Yang meridians. (Refers to Bladder, Stomach, and Gallbladder Back-Shu points, all on Foot-Taiyang.)
If bone pain is severe and worsens on pressure, it is called Marrow Disease. Needle Juegu (GB-39, formerly Xuanzhong) to release blood; it cures immediately. ("Gong" refers to tibia. Worsening on pressure indicates deep pathogens. "Zhen" is the first type of needle. Juegu is Foot-Shaoyang. Pronunciations: gōng/háng, suān, fù, chán.)
For slight body pain, needle Zhiyin (BL-67), a Foot-Taiyang point.
Do not bleed the Jing-Well points of Yin meridians; needle every other day. (承接上文: Do not bleed Yin Jing-Well points; alternate-day needling allows pathogen drainage. Only Yang Jing-Well points may be bled to protect True Yin.)
For malaria without thirst, occurring every other day, needle the Foot-Taiyang meridian. (No thirst indicates no internal pathogen, only exterior; hence Foot-Taiyang.)
For malaria with thirst, occurring every other day, needle the Foot-Shaoyang meridian. (Thirst indicates pathogen in half-exterior/half-interior; hence Foot-Shaoyang. *Zabing Pian* differs: No thirst/every other day -> Foot-Yangming; Thirst/daily -> Hand-Yangming. See Ci Lei 53.)
For Warm Malaria without sweating, use the Fifty-Nine Points method. (See Ci Lei 39-40.)