（《灵枢·经脉篇》此章与经络类第二章同出一篇，义有相贯，所当互考。）
黄帝曰∶肺，手太阴也。是动则病肺胀满膨膨而喘咳，（动，言变也，变则变常而为病也。如《阴阳应象大论》曰∶
在变动为握为哕之类，即此之谓。肺脉起于中焦，循胃口上膈属肺，故病如此。按《至真要大论》列此肺病于少阴司天
之下，以热淫所胜，火克金也。详运气类二十五。下同。膨音彭。）缺盆中痛，（缺盆虽十二经之道路，而肺为尤近，故
肺病则痛。）甚则交两手而瞀，此为臂厥。（瞀，木痛不仁也。手太阴脉由中府出腋下，行肘臂间，故为臂厥。瞀，茂、
莫、务三音。）是主肺所生病者，（手之太阴，肺所生病也。按《二十二难》曰∶经言是动者，气也；所生病者，血也。
邪在气，气为是动；邪在血，血为所生病。气主 之，血主濡之。气留而不行者，为气先病也；血壅而不濡者，为血后
病也。故先为是动，后所生也。观此以是动为气，所生为血，先病为气，后病为血，若乎近理；然细察本篇之义，凡在
五脏，则各言脏所生病，凡在六腑，则或言气或言血，或脉或筋，或骨或津液，其所生病本各有所主，非以血气二字统
言十二经者也。《难经》之言，似非经旨。）咳，上气喘渴，烦心胸满， 臂内前廉痛厥，掌中热。（渴当作喝，声粗急也。
太阴之别直入掌中，故为痛厥掌热。）气盛有余则肩背痛，风寒汗出中风，小便数而欠。（手太阴筋结于肩，藏附于背，
故邪气盛则肩背痛。肺主皮毛而风寒在表，故汗出中风。肺为肾母，邪伤其气，故小便数而欠。）气虚则肩背痛寒，少气
不足以息，溺色变，为此诸病。（肩背者，上焦之阳分也。气虚则阳病，故为痛为寒而怯然少气。金衰则水涸，故溺色变
而黄赤。）盛则泻之，虚则补之，热则疾之，寒则溜之，陷下则灸之，不盛不虚，以经取之。（盛泻虚补，虽以针言，药
亦然也。热则疾之，气至速也。寒则留之，气至迟也。陷下则灸之，阳气内衰，脉不起也。不盛不虚，以病有不因血气
之虚实而惟逆于经者，则当随经所在，或饮药或刺灸以取之也。下文诸经之治，义与此同。此节与《禁服篇》大同，详
针刺类二十九。）盛者寸口大三倍于人迎，虚者则寸口反小于人迎也。（寸口主阴，肺为大肠之脏，手太阴经也。故肺气
盛者，寸口大三倍于人迎，虚则反小也。人迎者，足阳明之动脉，在结喉旁一寸五分，乃三阳脉气所至也。《阴阳别论》
曰三阳在头、三阴在手者，其义即此。下同。人迎脉口一盛二盛三盛，当补当泻，义具终始篇，详针刺类二十八。）
大肠，手阳明也。是动则病齿痛颈肿。（动义如前。手阳明之支者，从缺盆上颈贯颊入下齿中也。）是主津液所生病
者，（大肠与肺为表里，肺主气而津液由于气化，故凡大肠之或泄或秘，皆津液所生之病，而主在大肠也。）目黄口干，
鼽衄喉痹，肩前 痛，大指次指痛不用。（手阳明之别者合于宗脉，故目黄。其他诸病，皆本经之脉所及。按《至真要大
论》列此于少阴司天条下，以热淫所胜，病在金也。）气有余则当脉所过者热肿。（当脉所过，手阳明之次也。）虚则寒栗
不复，为此诸病。（寒栗不复，不易温也。此皆手阳明之诸病，）盛则泻之，虚则补之，热则疾之，寒则留之，陷下则灸
之，不盛不虚，以经取之。（义如前。）盛者人迎大三倍于寸口，虚者人迎反小于寸口也。（人迎主阳，大肠为肺之腑，手
阳明经也，故盛则人迎大于寸口，虚则人迎小于寸口也。详义如前。）
胃，足阳明也。是动则病洒洒振寒，善呻数欠，颜黑，（胃属土，土病而洒洒振寒者，风之胜也。善呻数欠，胃之郁
也。按《至真要大论》列此于厥阴在泉条下，其为木胜可知。黑，水色也。土病则水无所畏，故黑色反见于颜面。）病至
则恶人与火，闻木声则惕然而惊，心欲动，独闭户塞牖而处，甚则欲上高而歌，弃衣而走，（病至而恶人者，阳明厥逆则
喘而惋，惋则恶人也。恶火者，邪客阳明则热甚也。闻木音而惊者，土恶木也。欲闭户而处者，阴阳相搏而阴胜阳也。
欲上高而歌者，阳盛则四肢实也。弃衣而走者，热盛于身也。此节义详下二章。牖音有。）贲响腹胀，是为 厥。（贲响，
肠胃雷鸣也。 ，足胫也。阳明之脉自膝膑下胫骨外廉，故为胫 厥逆。贲，奔同。 音 。）是主血所生病者，（中焦
受谷，变化而赤为血，故阳明为多气多血之经，而主血所生病者。）狂疟，温淫汗出，鼽衄，口 唇胗，颈肿喉痹，（ ，
歪也。胗，疮也。阳明热胜则狂，风胜则疟，温气淫 则汗出。鼽衄口 等证，皆阳明经脉之所及也。鼽音求。衄，女
六切。 ，孔乖切。胗音疹。）大腹水肿，（胃在中焦，土病则不能制水也。）膝膑肿痛，循膺、乳、气街、股、伏兔、
外廉、足跗上皆痛，中指不用。（阳明脉从缺盆下乳内廉，挟脐腹前阴由股下足以入中指，故为病如此。膑，频、牝二音。）
气盛则身以前皆热，其有余于胃，则消谷善饥溺色黄。（此阳明实热在经在脏之辨也。）气不足则身以前皆寒栗，胃中寒
则胀满，为此诸病。（此阳明虚寒在经在脏之辨也。）盛则泻之，虚则补之，热则疾之，寒则溜之，陷下则灸之，不盛不
虚，以经取之。（义如首经。）盛者人迎大三倍于寸口，虚者人迎反小于寸口也。（足阳明为太阴之表，三阳也，故盛衰见
于人迎。）
脾，足太阴也。是动则病舌本强，食则呕，（脾脉连舌本，故强。脾病则不运，故呕。）胃脘痛，腹胀，善噫，（脾脉
入腹，属脾络胃，故为痛为胀。噫，嗳叹声。阴盛而上走于阳明，故气滞而为噫。噫，伊芳、隘二音。）得后与气则快然如
衰，（脾气通也。以上诸义详下章。）身体皆重。（脾主肌肉也。按《至真要大论》列以上诸证于厥阴在泉条下，木胜克脾
也。）是主脾所生病者，（足太阴土也。）舌本痛，体不能动摇，食不下，烦心，心下急痛，溏、瘕、泄、水闭、黄胆，不
能卧，强立，股膝内肿厥，足大趾不用，为此诸病。（太阴脉支者上膈注心中，故为烦心心痛。脾寒则为溏泻，脾滞则为
瘕。脾病不能制水，则为泄为水闭黄胆不能卧。脾脉起于足拇以上膝股内廉，故为肿为厥、为大趾不用诸病。按∶《至
真要大论》于厥阴司天条下列此诸证，以风淫所胜，病本于脾也。瘕，加、驾二音。疸音旦。）盛则泻之，虚则补之，热
则疾之，寒则溜之，陷下则灸之，不盛不虚，以经取之。（义如首经。）盛者寸口大三倍于人迎，虚者寸口反小于人迎。（足
太阴为阳明之里，三阴也，故脉之盛衰候于气口。）
心，手少阴也。是动则病嗌干心痛，渴而欲饮，（本经支者从心系上挟咽，故为嗌干心痛。心火炎则心液耗，故渴而
欲饮。嗌音益。）是为臂厥。（手少阴循臂内后廉出小指之端，故为臂厥。）是主心所生病者，（手少阴经，心所生病也。）
目黄胁痛， 臂内后廉痛厥，掌中热痛，为此诸病。（少阴之脉系目系，故目黄。出腋下，故胁痛。循 臂内入掌内后廉，
故为热痛诸病。 ，儒、软二音，又双刀、奴到二切。）盛则泻之，虚则补之，热则疾之，寒则溜之，陷下则灸之，不盛
不虚，以经取之。（义如首经。）盛者寸口大再倍于人迎，虚者寸口反小于人迎也。（手少阴为太阳之里，三阴也，故脉之
盛衰见于寸口。）
小肠，手太阳也。是动则病嗌痛颔肿，（本经之脉循咽下膈，其支者循颈上颊，故为是病。《至真要大论》列此于太
阳在泉之下，以寒淫所胜而病及火府也。颔，何敢切。）不可以顾，肩似拔， 似折。（手太阳脉循 外后廉绕肩胛，交
肩上，故肩 之痛如拔如折。）是主液所生病者，（小肠主泌别清浊，病则水谷不分而流衍无制，是主液所生病也。）耳聋
目黄颊肿，颈颔肩 肘臂外后廉痛，为此诸病。（皆小肠经脉之所及也。）盛则泻之，虚则补之，热则疾之，寒则溜之，
陷下则灸之，不盛不虚，以经取之。（义如首经。）盛者人迎大再倍于寸口，虚者人迎反小于寸口也。（手太阳为少阴之表，
故候在人迎。）
膀胱，足太阳也。是动则病冲头痛，（本经脉上额交巅入络脑，故邪气上冲而为头痛。）目似脱，项如拔，（脉起目内
，还出别下项也。）脊痛腰似折，髀不可以曲， 如结， 如裂，（本经挟脊抵腰中，过髀枢，循髀外下合 中，贯
内，故病如是。按《至真要大论》列以上诸证于太阴在泉司天之下，以湿淫所胜，土邪伤水也。髀，并米切，又音比。
音国。 ， 同，音篆。）是为踝厥。（足太阳脉出外踝之后，筋结于外踝也。踝，胡寡切。）是主筋所生病者，（周身
筋脉，惟足太阳为多为巨。其下者结于踵，结于 ，结于 ，结于臀；其上者，挟腰脊，络肩项，上头为目上网，下结
于。故凡为挛为弛为反张戴眼之类，皆足太阳之水亏，而主筋所生病者。）痔疟狂癫疾，（脉入肛，故为痔。经属表，
故为疟。邪入于阳，故为狂癫疾。）头囱项痛，目黄泪出鼽衄，项背腰尻 脚皆痛，小指不用，为此诸病。（皆足太阳
之所及，故为此诸病。囱音信。尻，开高切。）盛则泻之，虚则补之，热则疾之，寒则留之，陷下则灸之，不盛不虚，以
经取之。（义如首经。）盛者人迎大再倍于寸口，虚者人迎反小于寸口也。（足太阳为少阴之表，故候在人迎。）
肾，足少阴也。是动则病饥不欲食，（肾虽阴脏，元阳所居，水中有火，为脾胃之母。阴动则阳衰，阳衰则脾困，故
病虽饥而不欲食。）面如漆柴，（水色黑，阴邪色见于面，故如漆。肾藏精，精衰则枯，故如柴。）咳唾则有血，喝喝而喘，
（真阴损及其母也。）坐而欲起，（阴虚不能静也。）目KT KT 如无所见，（目之明在瞳子，瞳子者骨之精也。肾气内
夺则目KT KT 如无所见，故凡目多昏黑者，必真水亏于肾也。KT 音荒。）心如悬，若饥状，（心肾不交则精神离散，
故心如悬。阴虚则内馁，故常若饥状。按《至真要大论》列以上诸证于太阴司天之下，以土邪淫胜，故病本于肾也。）气
不足则善恐，心惕惕如人将捕之，（肾在志为恐，肾气怯，故惕惕如人将捕之。以上诸义详下章。）是为骨厥。（厥逆在骨，
肾主骨也。）是主肾所生病者，（足少阴经，肾所生病也。）口热舌干咽肿，上气，嗌干及痛，烦心心痛，（足少阴之脉循
喉咙，挟舌本，其支者从肺出络心，故病如是。）黄胆肠 ，（阴虚阳实，故为黄胆。肾开窍于二阴，故为肠 。疸音旦。
音僻。）脊股内后廉痛，痿厥嗜卧，足下热而痛，为此诸病。（足少阴之脉，自小趾斜趋足心，上 出 ，上股内后廉，
贯脊属肾，故为此诸证。嗜卧者、多阴少阳，精神匮也。《逆调论》曰∶肾者水脏，主津液，主卧与喘也。）盛则泻之，
虚则补之，热则疾之，寒则溜之，陷下则灸之，不盛不虚，以经取之。（义如首经。）灸则强食生肉，缓带披发，大杖重
履而步。（生肉，浓味也。味浓所以补精，缓带披发，大杖重履而步，节劳也。安静所以养气，诸经不言此法，而惟肾经
言之者，以真阴所在，精为元气之根也。）盛者寸口大再倍于人迎，虚者寸口反小于人迎也，（足少阴为太阳之里，故候
在寸口。）
心主，手厥阴心包络也。是动则病手心热，臂肘挛急，腋肿，（皆本经之脉所及。）甚则胸胁支满，心中 大动，（手
厥阴出属心包络，循胸出胁故也。 音淡，动而不宁貌。）面赤目黄，（心之华在面，目者心之使，故病则面赤目黄。以
上诸证，按《至真要大论》俱列于太阳司天之下，以寒淫所胜，则心火受病也。）喜笑不休。（心在声为笑。）是主脉所生
病者，（心主脉也。）烦心心痛，掌中热，为此诸病。（脉起心胸，入掌中也。）盛则泻之，虚则补之，热则疾之，寒则溜
之，陷下则灸之，不盛不虚，以经取之。（义如首经。）盛者寸口大一倍于人迎，虚者寸口反小于人迎也。（手厥阴为少阳
之里，故候在寸口。）
三焦，手少阳也。是动则病耳聋浑浑 ，嗌肿喉痹。（浑浑 ，不明貌。三焦之脉上项系耳后，故为是病。按《至
真要大论》列此于太阴在泉之下，湿土所以胜水也。（ ，屯、吞二音。）是主气所生病者，（三焦为水渎之腑，水病必由
于气也。）汗出，目锐 痛，颊痛，耳后肩 肘臂外皆痛，小指次指不用，为此诸病。（三焦出气以温肌肉，充皮肤，故
为汗出。其他诸病，皆本经之脉所及。）盛则泻之，虚则补之，热则疾之，寒则溜之，陷下则灸之，不盛不虚，以经取之。
（义如首经。）盛者人迎大一倍于寸口，虚者人迎反小于寸口也。（手少阳为厥阴之表，故候在人迎。）
胆，足少阳也。是动则病口苦，善太息，（胆病则液泄，故口苦。胆郁则不舒，故善太息。）心胁痛不能转侧，（足少
（《灵枢·经脉篇》这一章与经络类第二章出自同一篇，义理相互贯通，应当互相参考考证。）
黄帝说：肺经，属于手太阴经。经脉变动就会发生病变，表现为肺脏胀满，气息壅盛而喘息咳嗽，（动，指变化，变化就是改变常态而生病。如《阴阳应象大论》所说：“在变动中表现为握拳、呃逆”之类，就是这个意思。肺脉起于中焦，沿着胃口向上穿过膈肌，归属于肺，所以病证如此。按《至真要大论》将此类肺病列在少阴司天之下，是因为热邪过胜，火克金所致。详见运气类第二十五节。下同。膨，音彭。）缺盆中疼痛，（缺盆虽然是十二经脉通行的道路，但肺经尤其接近此处，所以肺病时就会疼痛。）严重时两手交叉按压在心胸部而视物模糊不清，这叫做臂厥。（瞀，指昏蒙、麻木不仁。手太阴脉从中府穴出于腋下，行走在肘臂之间，所以称为臂厥。瞀，有茂、莫、务三个读音。）这些是手太阴肺经所主肺脏发生的疾病，（手太阴经，是肺脏发生的疾病。按《难经·二十二难》说：经文所说的“是动”，是指气；“所生”，是指血。邪气在气分，气先病为是动；邪气在血分，血后病为所生。气主要推动温煦，血主要濡养滋润。气停留而不能运行，是气先病；血壅滞而不能濡养，是血后病。所以先出现是动，后出现所生。看这里以是动为气，所生为血，先病为气，后病为血，似乎很有道理；然而仔细考察本篇的本意，凡是五脏，都各自讲述脏所主的疾病，凡是六腑，则或讲气或讲血，或讲脉或讲筋，或讲骨或讲津液，它们所主的疾病本来各有侧重，并不是用“气血”二字来统括十二经的。《难经》的说法，似乎不符合经文的原旨。）咳嗽，上气喘急口渴，心烦胸满，手臂内侧前缘疼痛厥冷，手掌心发热。（渴字当作喝，指声音粗重急促。太阴别络直接入掌中，所以出现痛厥和掌热。）气盛有余则肩背疼痛，怕风寒，出汗，中风，小便频数且量少。（手太阴筋结于肩部，脏腑附丽于背部，所以邪气盛则肩背痛。肺主皮毛，风寒在表，所以出汗中风。肺为肾之母，邪气损伤肺气，所以小便频数且量少。）气虚则肩背疼痛发冷，气短不足以呼吸，尿液颜色改变，由此产生这些病证。（肩背，是上焦的阳分。气虚则阳气受损，所以出现疼痛、寒冷以及怯弱气短。金衰则水涸，所以尿液颜色改变而变黄赤。）实证用泻法，虚证用补法，热证用疾刺法，寒证用留针法，脉陷下者用灸法，不虚不实者，取本经穴位治疗。（盛则泻之，虚则补之，虽然是用针刺来说明，用药也是如此。热则疾之，指气至迅速。寒则留之，指气至缓慢。陷下则灸之，指阳气内衰，脉搏不起。不虚不实，因病有不因气血虚实，而只是逆乱于经脉的，则应当顺着经脉所在，或服药或刺灸来治疗。下文各经的治疗原则，与此相同。此节与《禁服篇》大体相同，详见针刺类第二十九节。）脉气盛实，寸口脉比人迎脉大三倍；脉气虚弱，则寸口脉反而小于人迎脉。（寸口主阴，肺是大肠的脏，属于手太阴经。所以肺气盛者，寸口脉比人迎脉大三倍，气虚则反而小。人迎脉，是足阳明胃经的动脉，在结喉旁一寸五分处，是三阳脉气到达的地方。《阴阳别论》说三阳在头、三阴在手，其义即在此处。下同。人迎脉与脉口的一盛、二盛、三盛，应当补还是应当泻，义理具备在《终始篇》，详见针刺类第二十八节。）
大肠经，属于手阳明经。经脉变动就会发生病变，表现为牙齿疼痛、颈部肿胀。（动的含义如前所述。手阳明经的支脉，从缺盆上行经过颈部，贯穿面颊，进入下齿中。）这些是手阳明大肠经所主津液发生的疾病，（大肠与肺互为表里，肺主气而津液由于气化而生，所以凡是大肠的腹泻或便秘，都是津液生成的疾病，而主导权在大肠。）眼睛发黄、口干，鼻塞流涕或鼻出血，咽喉肿痛，肩前部疼痛，食指疼痛且不能活动。（手阳明之别络合于宗脉，所以眼睛发黄。其他各种病证，都是本经经脉所覆盖的部位。按《至真要大论》将此病列在少阴司天条下，是因为热邪过胜，病在金脏。）气有余则沿着经脉经过的地方出现热肿。（当脉所过，指手阳明经的循行部位。）气虚则畏寒战栗且难以恢复，由此产生这些病证。（寒栗不复，指不易温暖。这些都是手阳明经的病证，）实证用泻法，虚证用补法，热证用疾刺法，寒证用留针法，脉陷下者用灸法，不虚不实者，取本经穴位治疗。（义理如前所述。）脉气盛实，人迎脉比寸口脉大三倍；脉气虚弱，则人迎脉反而小于寸口脉。（人迎主阳，大肠是肺的腑，属于手阳明经，所以盛则人迎大于寸口，虚则人迎小于寸口。详细义理如前所述。）
胃经，属于足阳明经。经脉变动就会发生病变，表现为身体洒洒恶寒，经常呻吟呵欠，面色发黑，（胃属土，土病而洒洒恶寒，是风木胜克所致。经常呻吟呵欠，是胃气郁结的表现。按《至真要大论》将这些症状列在厥阴在泉条下，可知是木气胜克。黑色，是水色。土病则水无所畏惧，所以黑色反而见于颜面。）发病时害怕人和火，听到木器敲击的声音就惊恐不安，心中悸动，独自关上门窗居住，严重时想要登上高处唱歌，脱掉衣服奔跑，（发病时害怕人，是因为阳明气逆则喘促且心中烦闷，烦闷则害怕人。害怕火，是因为邪气客于阳明则热势炽盛。听到木声而惊，是因为土恶木。想要关门居住，是因为阴阳相搏而阴胜阳。想要登上高处唱歌，是因为阳气盛实则四肢充实。脱掉衣服奔跑，是因为热盛于身。此节义理详见下两章。牖，音有。）腹部雷鸣作响并腹胀，这叫做胫厥。（贲响，指肠胃雷鸣般的声音。 ，指小腿。阳明经脉从膝髌下沿胫骨外廉下行，所以出现小腿厥逆。贲，同奔。 音 。）这些是足阳明胃经所主血液发生的疾病，（中焦接受谷物，变化而成红色成为血液，所以阳明是多气多血的经脉，而主血液发生的疾病。）狂躁疟疾，温热病汗出，鼻塞流涕或鼻出血，口歪唇疮，颈部肿胀咽喉肿痛，（ ，指口角歪斜。胗，指疮疡。阳明热胜则狂，风胜则疟，温气淫溢则汗出。鼻塞流涕、口歪等证，都是阳明经脉所覆盖的部位。鼽，音求。衄，女六切。 ，孔乖切。胗，音疹。）大腹水肿，（胃在中焦，土病则不能制水。）膝盖髌骨肿痛，沿着胸部、乳房、气街、大腿、伏兔、外侧、足背上部都疼痛，中指不能活动。（阳明脉从缺盆下行至乳内廉，挟脐腹及前阴，由大腿下行至足进入中指，所以病证如此。髌，频、牝两个读音。）气盛则身体前面都发热，如果胃气有余，则消化食物快且容易饥饿，尿液颜色黄。（这是辨别阳明实热是在经还是在脏。）气不足则身体前面都发冷战栗，胃中有寒则腹胀满，由此产生这些病证。（这是辨别阳明虚寒是在经还是在脏。）实证用泻法，虚证用补法，热证用疾刺法，寒证用留针法，脉陷下者用灸法，不虚不实者，取本经穴位治疗。（义理如首经所述。）脉气盛实，人迎脉比寸口脉大三倍；脉气虚弱，则人迎脉反而小于寸口脉。（足阳明是太阴的表经，属于三阳经，所以盛衰表现于人迎脉。）
脾经，属于足太阴经。经脉变动就会发生病变，表现为舌根强硬，进食则呕吐，（脾脉连接舌根，所以舌强。脾病则运化失职，所以呕吐。）胃脘疼痛，腹部胀满，经常嗳气，（脾脉入腹，属脾络胃，所以出现疼痛和胀满。噫，是嗳叹的声音。阴气盛而上走于阳明，所以气滞而为噫。噫，伊芳、隘两个读音。）排便排气后就感到轻松舒服，好像病情减轻，（脾气通畅了。以上诸义详见下章。）身体沉重。（脾主肌肉。按《至真要大论》将以上诸证列在厥阴在泉条下，是木胜克脾所致。）这些是足太阴脾经所主脾脏发生的疾病，（足太阴属土。）舌根疼痛，身体不能动摇，饮食不下，心烦，心窝部急痛，大便溏泄、瘕积、泄泻、小便闭塞、黄疸，不能平卧，勉强站立，大腿膝盖内侧肿胀厥冷，足大趾不能活动，由此产生这些病证。（太阴脉的支脉上行穿过膈肌注入心中，所以出现心烦心痛。脾寒则便溏泄，脾滞则形成瘕积。脾病不能制水，则出现泄泻、小便闭塞、黄疸、不能平卧。脾脉起于足大趾，上行经过膝股内廉，所以出现肿胀、厥冷、大趾不用等病证。按：《至真要大论》在厥阴司天条下列举这些证候，是因为风邪过胜，病本在于脾。瘕，加、驾两个读音。疸，音旦。）实证用泻法，虚证用补法，热证用疾刺法，寒证用留针法，脉陷下者用灸法，不虚不实者，取本经穴位治疗。（义理如首经所述。）脉气盛实，寸口脉比人迎脉大三倍；脉气虚弱，则寸口脉反而小于人迎脉。（足太阴是阳明的里经，属于三阴经，所以脉的盛衰候察于气口。）
心经，属于手少阴经。经脉变动就会发生病变，表现为咽喉干燥、心痛，口渴想喝水，（本经支脉从心系上行挟咽，所以出现咽喉干燥心痛。心火炎上则心液耗损，所以口渴想喝水。嗌，音益。）这叫做臂厥。（手少阴脉循行手臂内侧后廉，出于小指末端，所以称为臂厥。）这些是手少阴心经所主心脏发生的疾病，（手少阴经，是心脏发生的疾病。）眼睛发黄、胁痛，手臂内侧后缘疼痛厥冷，手掌心发热疼痛，由此产生这些病证。（少阴脉系连目系，所以眼睛发黄。出于腋下，所以胁痛。循行手臂内侧进入掌内后廉，所以出现热痛等病证。 ，儒、软两个读音，又有双刀、奴到两个切音。）实证用泻法，虚证用补法，热证用疾刺法，寒证用留针法，脉陷下者用灸法，不虚不实者，取本经穴位治疗。（义理如首经所述。）脉气盛实，寸口脉比人迎脉大二倍；脉气虚弱，则寸口脉反而小于人迎脉。（手少阴是太阳的里经，属于三阴经，所以脉的盛衰见于寸口。）
小肠经，属于手太阳经。经脉变动就会发生病变，表现为咽喉疼痛、下颌肿胀，（本经经脉循咽下膈，其支脉循颈上面颊，所以出现这些病证。《至真要大论》将其列在太阳在泉之下，是因为寒邪过胜而病及火腑。颔，何敢切。）不能回顾，肩膀像被拔除一样痛，肘部像折断一样痛。（手太阳脉循行手臂外后侧，绕过肩胛，交于肩上，所以肩肘疼痛如拔如折。）这些是手太阳小肠经所主津液发生的疾病，（小肠主泌别清浊，生病则水谷不分而流衍无度，所以主津液发生的疾病。）耳聋、眼睛发黄、脸颊肿胀，颈部、下颌、肩膀、肘臂外侧后缘疼痛，由此产生这些病证。（都是小肠经脉所覆盖的部位。）实证用泻法，虚证用补法，热证用疾刺法，寒证用留针法，脉陷下者用灸法，不虚不实者，取本经穴位治疗。（义理如首经所述。）脉气盛实，人迎脉比寸口脉大二倍；脉气虚弱，则人迎脉反而小于寸口脉。（手太阳是少阴的表经，所以候察于人迎脉。）
膀胱经，属于足太阳经。经脉变动就会发生病变，表现为气冲头痛，（本经经脉上额交巅入络脑，所以邪气上冲而头痛。）眼睛像要脱出一样，脖子像被拔除一样，（脉起于目内眦，还出别下行至项部。）脊柱疼痛腰部像折断一样，大腿不能弯曲，腘窝像打结一样，小腿肚像撕裂一样，（本经挟脊抵腰中，过髀枢，循大腿外侧下行合于腘窝中，贯臀入腘，所以病证如此。按《至真要大论》将以上诸证列在太阴在泉司天之下，是因为湿邪过胜，土邪伤水。髀，并米切，又音比。 音国。 ，同 ，音篆。）这叫做踝厥。（足太阳脉出于外踝之后，筋结于外踝。踝，胡寡切。）这些是足太阳膀胱经所主筋脉发生的疾病，（周身筋脉，只有足太阳经最多且最巨。其下部的结于脚跟，结于腘窝，结于臀部；其上部挟腰脊，络肩项，上头为目上网，下结于...。所以凡是痉挛、弛缓、反张、戴眼之类的病证，都是足太阳的水亏，而主筋脉发生的疾病。）痔疮、疟疾、狂癫疾，（脉入肛门，所以患痔疮。经属表，所以患疟疾。邪入于阳，所以患狂癫疾。）头囟项部疼痛，眼睛发黄、流泪、鼻塞流涕或鼻出血，项背腰尻脚都疼痛，小趾不能活动，由此产生这些病证。（都是足太阳经脉所覆盖的部位，所以出现这些病证。囱，音信。尻，开高切。）实证用泻法，虚证用补法，热证用疾刺法，寒证用留针法，脉陷下者用灸法，不虚不实者，取本经穴位治疗。（义理如首经所述。）脉气盛实，人迎脉比寸口脉大二倍；脉气虚弱，则人迎脉反而小于寸口脉。（足太阳是少阴的表经，所以候察于人迎脉。）
肾经，属于足少阴经。经脉变动就会发生病变，表现为感觉饥饿但不想吃东西，（肾虽是阴脏，却是元阳所在，水中有火，是脾胃的母亲。阴动则阳衰，阳衰则脾困，所以病虽觉饥饿却不想吃。）面色像漆柴一样枯黑，（水色黑，阴邪色见于面，所以像漆。肾藏精，精衰则枯，所以像柴。）咳嗽唾血，气喘有声，（真阴亏损累及其母脏。）坐着想要站起来，（阴虚不能静卧。）眼睛昏花看不清东西，（眼睛的明亮在于瞳子，瞳子是骨的精华。肾气内夺则眼睛昏花看不清东西，所以凡是眼睛多昏黑的，必然是肾中真水亏损。KT，音荒。）心中悬空感，像饥饿的样子，（心肾不交则精神离散，所以心中悬空。阴虚则内馁，所以常像饥饿。按《至真要大论》将以上诸证列在太阴司天之下，是因为土邪淫胜，所以病本在于肾。）气不足则容易恐惧，心中惕惕不安像有人要抓捕自己，（肾在志为恐，肾气怯弱，所以惕惕不安像有人要抓捕。以上诸义详见下章。）这叫做骨厥。（厥逆在骨，肾主骨。）这些是足少阴肾经所主肾脏发生的疾病，（足少阴经，是肾脏发生的疾病。）口热舌干、咽喉肿痛，气逆上冲，咽喉干燥及疼痛，心烦心痛，（足少阴脉循喉咙，挟舌本，其支脉从肺出络心，所以病证如此。）黄疸、肠僻，（阴虚阳实，所以患黄疸。肾开窍于二阴，所以患肠僻。疸，音旦。 音僻。）脊柱和大腿内侧后缘疼痛，痿厥嗜睡，足心发热疼痛，由此产生这些病证。（足少阴脉，从小趾斜趋足心，上行出于腘窝，上行大腿内侧后缘，贯穿脊柱属肾，所以出现这些证候。嗜睡是因为多阴少阳，精神匮乏。《逆调论》说：肾是水脏，主津液，主卧与喘。）实证用泻法，虚证用补法，热证用疾刺法，寒证用留针法，脉陷下者用灸法，不虚不实者，取本经穴位治疗。（义理如首经所述。）如果用灸法，则要强力进食厚味食物以生肉，松解腰带披散头发，拄大杖穿重鞋行走。（生肉，指浓味食物。味浓所以补精，松解腰带披散头发，拄大杖穿重鞋行走，是为了节制劳累。安静所以养气，各经没有提到这种方法，唯独肾经提到，是因为真阴所在，精是元气的根本。）脉气盛实，寸口脉比人迎脉大二倍；脉气虚弱，则寸口脉反而小于人迎脉。（足少阴是太阳的里经，所以候察在寸口。）
心包经，属于手厥阴心包络。经脉变动就会发生病变，表现为手心发热，手臂肘部挛急，腋窝肿胀，（都是本经经脉所覆盖的部位。）严重时胸胁支撑胀满，心中悸动不安，（手厥阴出属心包络，循胸出胁。 音淡，指动而不宁的样子。）面色红赤、眼睛发黄，（心的荣华表现在面部，眼睛是心的使者，所以生病则面赤目黄。以上诸证，按《至真要大论》都列在太阳司天之下，是因为寒邪过胜，导致心火受病。）喜欢笑不止。（心在声为笑。）这些是手厥阴心包经所主脉管发生的疾病，（心主脉。）心烦心痛，手掌心发热，由此产生这些病证。（脉起于心胸，入掌中。）实证用泻法，虚证用补法，热证用疾刺法，寒证用留针法，脉陷下者用灸法，不虚不实者，取本经穴位治疗。（义理如首经所述。）脉气盛实，寸口脉比人迎脉大一倍；脉气虚弱，则寸口脉反而小于人迎脉。（手厥阴是少阳的里经，所以候察在寸口。）
三焦经，属于手少阳经。经脉变动就会发生病变，表现为耳聋听力模糊，咽喉肿胀咽喉痹阻。（浑浑 ，指不明亮的样子。三焦经脉上项系耳后，所以出现这些病证。按《至真要大论》将其列在太阴在泉之下，是因为湿土胜水。（ ，屯、吞两个读音。）这些是手少阳三焦经所主气机发生的疾病，（三焦是水液运行的腑，水病必然由于气机不畅。）汗出，眼角疼痛，脸颊疼痛，耳后、肩膀、肘臂外侧都疼痛，无名指不能活动，由此产生这些病证。（三焦发出气以温养肌肉，充实皮肤，所以汗出。其他各种病证，都是本经经脉所覆盖的部位。）实证用泻法，虚证用补法，热证用疾刺法，寒证用留针法，脉陷下者用灸法，不虚不实者，取本经穴位治疗。（义理如首经所述。）脉气盛实，人迎脉比寸口脉大一倍；脉气虚弱，则人迎脉反而小于寸口脉。（手少阳是厥阴的表经，所以候察于人迎脉。）
胆经，属于足少阳经。经脉变动就会发生病变，表现为口苦，经常叹气，（胆病则胆汁外泄，所以口苦。胆气郁结则不舒，所以经常叹气。）心胁疼痛不能转侧，（足少
(The chapter in the *Ling Shu: Jing Mai* section is identical to Chapter 2 of the Meridians category, originating from the same source with interconnected principles, and thus should be cross-referenced.)
Huang Di said: The Lung meridian belongs to the Hand-Taiyin. When the meridian undergoes change (Shi Dong), disease occurs in the lung, manifesting as lung distension and fullness, panting, and coughing. (Dong refers to change; changing implies deviating from the normal state to become diseased. As stated in the *Yin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun*: "In terms of movement/change, it manifests as grasping or hiccups," which is what this refers to. The Lung meridian originates in the Middle Jiao, follows the stomach opening, ascends through the diaphragm, and connects to the Lung, hence the disease presents thus. According to the *Zhi Yao Yao Da Lun*, these lung diseases are listed under the control of Shaoyin, where excessive heat overcomes Metal. See detailed discussion in the Yun Qi category, item 25. Same below. Peng sounds like 'Peng'.) Pain in the Quepen (Clavicular Fossa). (Although Quepen is a pathway for the twelve meridians, the Lung meridian is particularly close to it, so Lung disease causes pain here.) In severe cases, the patient crosses their hands over the chest and experiences visual blurring or mental confusion (Mao), which is called Bi Jue (Arm Jue). (Mao refers to numbness and insensibility. The Hand-Taiyin meridian exits from Zhongfu, emerges under the axilla, and runs between the elbow and arm, hence the term Arm Jue. Mao has three pronunciations: Mao, Mo, Wu.) These are diseases generated by the Lung, which is governed by the Hand-Taiyin meridian. (The Hand-Taiyin meridian governs diseases generated by the Lung. According to the *Nan Jing: Chapter 22*: "What the classics call Shi Dong relates to Qi; Suo Sheng Bing relates to Blood. Evil in the Qi makes Qi the primary site of Shi Dong; evil in the Blood makes Blood the primary site of Suo Sheng Bing. Qi primarily moves and warms; Blood primarily moistens and nourishes. When Qi stagnates and fails to flow, it is the Qi that is primarily diseased; when Blood becomes congested and fails to nourish, it is the Blood that is subsequently diseased. Therefore, Shi Dong comes first, followed by Suo Sheng. Viewing this, equating Shi Dong with Qi and Suo Sheng with Blood, and primary disease with Qi and subsequent disease with Blood, seems logical; however, upon careful examination of the intent of this chapter, for all Five Zang organs, each discusses diseases specific to that organ; for all Six Fu organs, they discuss either Qi or Blood, or meridians, sinews, bones, or body fluids. The diseases they govern have specific dominances and are not universally summarized by the two characters 'Qi and Blood.' The statement in the *Nan Jing* seems inconsistent with the original intent of the classic.) Cough, asthma with rapid breathing and thirst, irritability, chest fullness, pain and Jue sensation along the anterior medial aspect of the arm, and heat in the palm. (The character 'Ke' [thirst] should be 'He', referring to rough and urgent voice. The collateral of the Taiyin enters directly into the palm, hence pain, Jue, and palm heat.) When Qi is excessive and surplus, there is shoulder and back pain, aversion to wind and cold, sweating, stroke, frequent urination with scant volume. (The sinews of the Hand-Taiyin knot at the shoulder, and the viscera attach to the back, so when pathogenic factors are excessive, there is shoulder and back pain. The Lung governs the skin and hair, and when wind-cold is on the exterior, there is sweating and susceptibility to stroke. The Lung is the mother of the Kidney; when pathogenic factors damage its Qi, there is frequent urination with scant volume.) When Qi is deficient, there is shoulder and back pain with cold sensation, shortness of breath insufficient for respiration, and changes in urine color, giving rise to these various diseases. (The shoulder and back are the Yang aspect of the Upper Jiao. Qi deficiency leads to Yang pathology, hence pain, cold, and timidity with shortness of breath. Metal decline leads to Water drying up, hence urine color changes to yellow-red.) For excess conditions, apply draining methods; for deficiency conditions, apply tonifying methods; for heat conditions, use rapid needling; for cold conditions, retain the needle; for sinking/depressed conditions, use moxibustion; for neither excess nor deficiency, treat according to the meridian itself. (Draining excess and tonifying deficiency, although stated in the context of acupuncture, also applies to herbal medicine. Rapid needling for heat indicates swift arrival of Qi. Retaining the needle for cold indicates slow arrival of Qi. Moxibustion for sinking conditions indicates internal depletion of Yang Qi and failure of the pulse to rise. Neither excess nor deficiency refers to conditions where the disorder is not due to the deficiency or excess of blood and Qi, but rather rebellion within the meridians; in such cases, one should follow the meridian's location and treat with either herbs or acupuncture/moxibustion. The treatment principles for the following meridians are consistent with this. This section is largely identical to the *Jin Fu* chapter; see detailed discussion in Acupuncture Category 29.) When excessive, the Cun Kou pulse is three times larger than the Ren Ying pulse; when deficient, the Cun Kou pulse is smaller than the Ren Ying pulse. (Cun Kou governs Yin; the Lung is the Zang organ of the Large Intestine and belongs to the Hand-Taiyin meridian. Thus, when Lung Qi is excessive, the Cun Kou pulse is three times larger than the Ren Ying pulse; when deficient, it is smaller. The Ren Ying pulse is the arterial pulse of the Foot-Yangming meridian, located 1.5 cun lateral to the Adam's apple, where the Qi of the Three Yang meridians arrives. The *Yin Yang Bie Lun* states: "Three Yang at the head, Three Yin at the hand," which embodies this meaning. Same below. Regarding the Ren Ying and Mai Kou pulses being one, two, or three times excess, whether to tonify or drain is explained in the *Zhong Shi* chapter; see detailed discussion in Acupuncture Category 28.)
The Large Intestine meridian belongs to the Hand-Yangming. When the meridian undergoes change, disease occurs, manifesting as toothache and neck swelling. (The meaning of 'Dong' is as previously described. A branch of the Hand-Yangming meridian ascends from the Quepen, passes through the neck, penetrates the cheek, and enters the lower teeth.) These are diseases generated by the Large Intestine, which governs Body Fluids. (The Large Intestine and Lung are interior-exterior partners; the Lung governs Qi, and Body Fluids arise from Qi transformation. Therefore, any diarrhea or constipation of the Large Intestine are diseases generated by Body Fluids, with the primary governance lying in the Large Intestine.) Yellow eyes, dry mouth, rhinorrhea or epistaxis, bi-syndrome of the throat, pain in the anterior shoulder, and pain with inability to use the index finger. (The collateral of the Hand-Yangming merges with the Zong Mai, hence yellow eyes. Other diseases are all within the coverage of this meridian. According to the *Zhi Yao Yao Da Lun*, this is listed under Shaoyin Si Tian because excessive heat injures Metal.) When Qi is in excess, there is heat and swelling along the course of the meridian. (Along the meridian's course refers to the path of the Hand-Yangming.) When deficient, there is chills and rigors that do not resolve easily, giving rise to these diseases. (Chills and rigors not resolving means difficulty in warming. These are all diseases of the Hand-Yangming meridian.) For excess conditions, apply draining methods; for deficiency conditions, apply tonifying methods; for heat conditions, use rapid needling; for cold conditions, retain the needle; for sinking/depressed conditions, use moxibustion; for neither excess nor deficiency, treat according to the meridian itself. (Principles as above.) When excessive, the Ren Ying pulse is three times larger than the Cun Kou pulse; when deficient, the Ren Ying pulse is smaller than the Cun Kou pulse. (Ren Ying governs Yang; the Large Intestine is the Fu organ of the Lung and belongs to the Hand-Yangming meridian. Thus, when excessive, Ren Ying is larger than Cun Kou; when deficient, Ren Ying is smaller than Cun Kou. Detailed principles as above.)
The Stomach meridian belongs to the Foot-Yangming. When the meridian undergoes change, disease occurs, manifesting as shivering aversion to cold, frequent groaning and yawning, and darkened complexion. (The Stomach belongs to Earth; shivering aversion to cold in Earth disease is due to Wind overcoming it. Frequent groaning and yawning indicate Stomach Qi stagnation. According to the *Zhi Yao Yao Da Lun*, these are listed under Jueyin Zai Quan, indicating Wood overcoming. Black is the color of Water. When Earth is diseased, Water has no fear, hence the black color appears on the face.) Upon onset of the disease, there is aversion to people and fire, startle upon hearing the sound of wood, palpitations, desire to stay alone with doors closed and windows shut; in severe cases, desire to climb high and sing, discard clothes and run. (Aversion to people upon onset is due to Yangming reversal causing panting and distress, leading to aversion. Aversion to fire is due to extreme heat from pathogenic factors lodging in Yangming. Startle upon hearing wood is because Earth fears Wood. Desire to stay indoors is due to Yin-Yang conflict with Yin overcoming Yang. Desire to climb high and sing is because Yang excess leads to solidity in the four limbs. Discarding clothes and running is because heat is excessive in the body. Principles of this section are detailed in the next two chapters. You sounds like 'You'.) Borborygmus and abdominal distension, which is called Ting Jue. (Borborygmus refers to rumbling in the intestines and stomach. Ting refers to the lower leg. The Yangming meridian descends from the knee patella along the lateral aspect of the tibia, hence Ting Jue reversal. Ben is synonymous with Ben. Ting sounds like 'Ting'.) These are diseases generated by the Stomach, which governs Blood. (The Middle Jiao receives grain, transforms it, and changes it to red to become blood; thus, Yangming is a meridian of abundant Qi and Blood, governing diseases generated by Blood.) Manic malaria, warm invasion with sweating, rhinorrhea or epistaxis, facial deviation and lip herpes, neck swelling and throat bi-syndrome. (Ting refers to deviation. Zhen refers to sores. Yangming heat excess causes mania; Wind excess causes malaria; Warm Qi invasion causes sweating. Rhinorrhea, facial deviation, etc., are all within the coverage of the Yangming meridian. Qiu sounds like 'Qiu'. Nu is cut at 'Nu Liu'. Ting is cut at 'Kong Guai'. Zhen sounds like 'Zhen'.) Abdominal edema. (The Stomach is in the Middle Jiao; Earth disease fails to control Water.) Swelling and pain of the knee patella, pain along the chest, breast, Qi Street, thigh, Futu, lateral aspect, and dorsum of the foot, with inability to use the middle finger. (The Yangming meridian descends from the Quepen to the inner lateral aspect of the breast, flanks the umbilicus and abdomen, passes through the anterior yin, descends the thigh to the foot, and enters the middle finger, hence these diseases. Bin has two pronunciations: Pin and Pin.) When Qi is excessive, the anterior body is hot; if there is excess in the Stomach, there is rapid digestion and easy hunger, with yellow urine. (This distinguishes Yangming excess-heat in the meridian versus the zang organ.) When Qi is deficient, the anterior body is cold and shivering; cold in the Stomach causes distension and fullness, giving rise to these diseases. (This distinguishes Yangming deficiency-cold in the meridian versus the zang organ.) For excess conditions, apply draining methods; for deficiency conditions, apply tonifying methods; for heat conditions, use rapid needling; for cold conditions, retain the needle; for sinking/depressed conditions, use moxibustion; for neither excess nor deficiency, treat according to the meridian itself. (Principles as in the first meridian.) When excessive, the Ren Ying pulse is three times larger than the Cun Kou pulse; when deficient, the Ren Ying pulse is smaller than the Cun Kou pulse. (Foot-Yangming is the exterior of Taiyin and belongs to the Three Yang meridians, hence excess and deficiency manifest in the Ren Ying pulse.)
The Spleen meridian belongs to the Foot-Taiyin. When the meridian undergoes change, disease occurs, manifesting as stiffness of the tongue root, vomiting after eating. (The Spleen meridian connects to the tongue root, hence stiffness. Spleen disease leads to failure of transportation, hence vomiting.) Epigastric pain, abdominal distension, frequent belching. (The Spleen meridian enters the abdomen, connects to the Spleen and links to the Stomach, hence pain and distension. Yi is the sound of belching. Excess Yin rises to Yangming, causing Qi stagnation and belching. Yi has two pronunciations: Yi Fang and Ai.) Relief after defecation and passage of gas, feeling as if symptoms have subsided. (Spleen Qi is unblocked. Principles of the above are detailed in the next chapter.) Heavy body. (The Spleen governs muscles. According to the *Zhi Yao Yao Da Lun*, the above symptoms are listed under Jueyin Zai Quan, indicating Wood overcoming Spleen.) These are diseases generated by the Spleen, which belongs to the Foot-Taiyin (Earth). Tongue root pain, inability to move the body, inability to eat, irritability, acute pain in the heart region, loose stools, masses (Jia), diarrhea, water retention, jaundice, inability to lie flat, discomfort when standing forcibly, swelling and Jue sensation in the inner thigh and knee, inability to use the big toe, giving rise to these diseases. (The branch of the Taiyin meridian ascends through the diaphragm and pours into the heart, hence irritability and heart pain. Spleen cold causes loose stools; Spleen stagnation causes masses. Spleen disease fails to control Water, causing diarrhea, water retention, jaundice, and inability to lie flat. The Spleen meridian originates from the big toe, ascends along the medial aspect of the knee and thigh, hence swelling, Jue, and inability to use the big toe. Note: The *Zhi Yao Yao Da Lun* lists these symptoms under Jueyin Si Tian because excessive Wind affects the Spleen. Jia has two pronunciations: Jia and Jia. Dan sounds like 'Dan'.) For excess conditions, apply draining methods; for deficiency conditions, apply tonifying methods; for heat conditions, use rapid needling; for cold conditions, retain the needle; for sinking/depressed conditions, use moxibustion; for neither excess nor deficiency, treat according to the meridian itself. (Principles as in the first meridian.) When excessive, the Cun Kou pulse is three times larger than the Ren Ying pulse; when deficient, the Cun Kou pulse is smaller than the Ren Ying pulse. (Foot-Taiyin is the interior of Yangming and belongs to the Three Yin meridians, hence pulse excess and deficiency are observed at the Qi Kou.)
The Heart meridian belongs to the Hand-Shaoyin. When the meridian undergoes change, disease occurs, manifesting as dry throat, heart pain, thirst with desire to drink. (A branch of this meridian ascends from the Heart connection to flank the throat, hence dry throat and heart pain. Heart Fire flares up, consuming Heart fluids, hence thirst and desire to drink. Yi sounds like 'Yi'.) This is called Bi Jue (Arm Jue). (The Hand-Shaoyin meridian follows the posterior medial aspect of the arm and emerges at the tip of the little finger, hence Arm Jue.) These are diseases generated by the Heart, which is governed by the Hand-Shaoyin meridian. (The Hand-Shaoyin meridian governs diseases generated by the Heart.) Yellow eyes, hypochondriac pain, pain and Jue sensation along the posterior medial aspect of the arm, heat and pain in the palm, giving rise to these diseases. (The Shaoyin meridian connects to the eye system, hence yellow eyes. It emerges from the axilla, hence hypochondriac pain. It follows the arm internally to enter the posterior medial aspect of the palm, hence heat and pain. Ru and Ruan are two pronunciations, also cut at Shuang Dao and Nu Dao.) For excess conditions, apply draining methods; for deficiency conditions, apply tonifying methods; for heat conditions, use rapid needling; for cold conditions, retain the needle; for sinking/depressed conditions, use moxibustion; for neither excess nor deficiency, treat according to the meridian itself. (Principles as in the first meridian.) When excessive, the Cun Kou pulse is twice as large as the Ren Ying pulse; when deficient, the Cun Kou pulse is smaller than the Ren Ying pulse. (Hand-Shaoyin is the interior of Taiyang and belongs to the Three Yin meridians, hence pulse excess and deficiency manifest in the Cun Kou.)
The Small Intestine meridian belongs to the Hand-Taiyang. When the meridian undergoes change, disease occurs, manifesting as sore throat and submandibular swelling. (The meridian of this channel follows the throat down through the diaphragm; its branch follows the neck to the cheek, hence these diseases. The *Zhi Yao Yao Da Lun* lists this under Taiyang Zai Quan because excessive Cold injures the Fire Fu. Han is cut at 'He Gan'.) Inability to look around, shoulder pain as if being pulled out, elbow pain as if broken. (The Hand-Taiyang meridian follows the posterior lateral aspect of the arm, circles the scapula, and crosses the shoulder, hence shoulder and elbow pain as if pulled or broken.) These are diseases generated by the Small Intestine, which governs Body Fluids. (The Small Intestine separates the clear from the turbid; disease leads to indistinguishable water and grain flowing without restraint, hence governing diseases of Body Fluids.) Deafness, yellow eyes, facial swelling, pain along the neck, jaw, shoulder, elbow, and arm on the posterior lateral aspect, giving rise to these diseases. (All are within the coverage of the Small Intestine meridian.) For excess conditions, apply draining methods; for deficiency conditions, apply tonifying methods; for heat conditions, use rapid needling; for cold conditions, retain the needle; for sinking/depressed conditions, use moxibustion; for neither excess nor deficiency, treat according to the meridian itself. (Principles as in the first meridian.) When excessive, the Ren Ying pulse is twice as large as the Cun Kou pulse; when deficient, the Ren Ying pulse is smaller than the Cun Kou pulse. (Hand-Taiyang is the exterior of Shaoyin, hence observed at the Ren Ying pulse.)
The Bladder meridian belongs to the Foot-Taiyang. When the meridian undergoes change, disease occurs, manifesting as headache with upward rushing sensation. (The meridian ascends the forehead, crosses the vertex, and connects to the brain, hence pathogenic factors rush upward causing headache.) Eyes feel as if dislocating, neck feels as if being pulled out. (The meridian originates at the inner canthus, returns, and descends separately to the neck.) Spinal pain, waist feels as if broken, thighs cannot bend, popliteal fossa feels knotted, calf feels torn. (The meridian flanks the spine, reaches the middle of the waist, passes through the hip pivot, follows the lateral thigh, converges in the popliteal fossa, penetrates the buttock, and enters the popliteal fossa, hence these diseases. According to the *Zhi Yao Yao Da Lun*, the above symptoms are listed under Taiyin Zai Quan Si Tian because excessive Dampness injures Water via Earth. Bi is cut at 'Bing Mi' and sounds like 'Bi'. Guo sounds like 'Guo'. , same as , sounds like 'Zhuan'.) This is called Huai Jue (Ankle Jue). (The Foot-Taiyang meridian emerges behind the lateral malleolus, and sinews knot at the lateral malleolus. Huai is cut at 'Hu Gua'.) These are diseases generated by the Bladder, which governs Sinews. (Among all sinews in the body, the Foot-Taiyang meridian is the most numerous and largest. Those descending knot at the heel, popliteal fossa, and buttocks; those ascending flank the waist and spine, connect to the shoulders and nape, ascend the head to form the upper net of the eyes, and descend to knot... Therefore, spasms, flaccidity, opisthotonos, and fixed gaze are all due to deficiency of Water in the Foot-Taiyang, governing diseases of the sinews.) Hemorrhoids, malaria, mania, and epilepsy. (The meridian enters the anus, hence hemorrhoids. The meridian belongs to the exterior, hence malaria. Pathogenic factors enter Yang, hence mania and epilepsy.) Head, vertex, and nape pain, yellow eyes, tearing, rhinorrhea or epistaxis, pain in the nape, back, waist, sacrum, and feet, inability to use the little toe, giving rise to these diseases. (All are within the coverage of the Foot-Taiyang meridian, hence these diseases. Xun sounds like 'Xin'. Kao is cut at 'Kai Gao'.) For excess conditions, apply draining methods; for deficiency conditions, apply tonifying methods; for heat conditions, use rapid needling; for cold conditions, retain the needle; for sinking/depressed conditions, use moxibustion; for neither excess nor deficiency, treat according to the meridian itself. (Principles as in the first meridian.) When excessive, the Ren Ying pulse is twice as large as the Cun Kou pulse; when deficient, the Ren Ying pulse is smaller than the Cun Kou pulse. (Foot-Taiyang is the exterior of Shaoyin, hence observed at the Ren Ying pulse.)
The Kidney meridian belongs to the Foot-Shaoyin. When the meridian undergoes change, disease occurs, manifesting as hunger without desire to eat. (Although the Kidney is a Yin organ, it houses Primordial Yang; there is Fire in Water, making it the mother of the Spleen and Stomach. Yin movement leads to Yang decline; Yang decline leads to Spleen fatigue, hence hunger without desire to eat.) Complexion like lacquered charcoal. (Water color is black; Yin pathogen color appears on the face, hence like lacquer. The Kidney stores Essence; Essence decline leads to withering, hence like charcoal.) Coughing and spitting blood, panting with audible breath. (True Yin damage extends to its mother organ.) Desire to sit up. (Yin deficiency prevents stillness.) Vision blurred as if unable to see. (Clarity of vision resides in the pupil; the pupil is the essence of Bone. Kidney Qi internal depletion leads to blurred vision; thus, dim vision always indicates true Water deficiency in the Kidney. KT sounds like 'Huang'.) Heart feels suspended, as if hungry. (Heart-Kidney non-interaction leads to dispersion of Spirit and Essence, hence heart feels suspended. Yin deficiency leads to internal emptiness, hence often feels hungry. According to the *Zhi Yao Yao Da Lun*, the above symptoms are listed under Taiyin Si Tian because Earth pathogen overcomes, hence disease originates in the Kidney.) Qi deficiency leads to frequent fear, heart palpitations as if someone is about to catch them. (The emotion of the Kidney is Fear; Kidney Qi timidity leads to palpitations as if pursued. Principles of the above are detailed in the next chapter.) This is called Gu Jue (Bone Jue). (Jue reversal in the Bones; the Kidney governs Bones.) These are diseases generated by the Kidney, which is governed by the Foot-Shaoyin meridian. (The Foot-Shaoyin meridian governs diseases generated by the Kidney.) Heat in the mouth, dry tongue, swollen throat, upward rushing Qi, dry and painful throat, irritability, heart pain. (The Foot-Shaoyin meridian follows the throat, flanks the tongue root, and its branch emerges from the Lung to connect to the Heart, hence these diseases.) Jaundice and Chang Pi. (Yin deficiency and Yang excess cause jaundice. The Kidney opens into the two yin openings, hence Chang Pi. Dan sounds like 'Dan'. Pi sounds like 'Pi'.) Pain along the posterior medial aspect of the spine and thigh, Wei Jue, lethargy, heat and pain in the sole of the foot, giving rise to these diseases. (The Foot-Shaoyin meridian starts from the little toe,斜趋 (diagonally approaches) the center of the foot, ascends out of the popliteal fossa, ascends along the posterior medial aspect of the thigh, penetrates the spine, and connects to the Kidney, hence these syndromes. Lethargy is due to excess Yin and deficient Yang, and exhaustion of Spirit and Essence. The *Ni Tiao Lun* states: "The Kidney is the Water Organ, governs Body Fluids, governs bed/rest and panting.") For excess conditions, apply draining methods; for deficiency conditions, apply tonifying methods; for heat conditions, use rapid needling; for cold conditions, retain the needle; for sinking/depressed conditions, use moxibustion; for neither excess nor deficiency, treat according to the meridian itself. (Principles as in the first meridian.) If using moxibustion, one should eat strongly to generate flesh, loosen belts, let hair hang down, use a large staff, wear heavy shoes, and walk. (Generated flesh refers to rich flavors. Rich flavors tonify Essence. Loosening belts, letting hair hang down, using a large staff, wearing heavy shoes, and walking are for conserving effort. Stillness nourishes Qi. This method is mentioned only for the Kidney meridian among all meridians because True Yin resides here, and Essence is the root of Primordial Qi.) When excessive, the Cun Kou pulse is twice as large as the Ren Ying pulse; when deficient, the Cun Kou pulse is smaller than the Ren Ying pulse. (Foot-Shaoyin is the interior of Taiyang, hence observed at the Cun Kou.)
The Pericardium meridian belongs to the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Luo. When the meridian undergoes change, disease occurs, manifesting as heat in the palm, contracture and stiffness of the arm and elbow, axillary swelling. (All are within the coverage of this meridian.) In severe cases, chest and hypochondriac support-fullness, heart palpitations with restlessness. (The Hand-Jueyin emerges to connect to the Pericardium Luo, follows the chest, and emerges from the hypochondrium. Dan sounds like 'Dan', referring to restless movement.) Red face and yellow eyes. (The Flower of the Heart manifests in the face; the eyes are the messengers of the Heart, hence disease manifests as red face and yellow eyes. The above symptoms, according to the *Zhi Yao Yao Da Lun*, are all listed under Taiyang Si Tian because excessive Cold causes Heart Fire disease.) Unrestrained laughter. (The sound of the Heart is laughter.) These are diseases generated by the Vessels, which is governed by the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium. (The Heart governs the Vessels.) Irritability, heart pain, heat in the palm, giving rise to these diseases. (The vessel originates in the heart-chest and enters the palm.) For excess conditions, apply draining methods; for deficiency conditions, apply tonifying methods; for heat conditions, use rapid needling; for cold conditions, retain the needle; for sinking/depressed conditions, use moxibustion; for neither excess nor deficiency, treat according to the meridian itself. (Principles as in the first meridian.) When excessive, the Cun Kou pulse is one time larger than the Ren Ying pulse; when deficient, the Cun Kou pulse is smaller than the Ren Ying pulse. (Hand-Jueyin is the interior of Shaoyang, hence observed at the Cun Kou.)
The Sanjiao meridian belongs to the Hand-Shaoyang. When the meridian undergoes change, disease occurs, manifesting as deafness with muffled hearing, swollen throat, and throat bi-syndrome. (Hun Hun , refers to unclear vision/hearing. The Sanjiao meridian ascends the neck and connects behind the ear, hence these diseases. According to the *Zhi Yao Yao Da Lun*, this is listed under Taiyin Zai Quan because Wet Earth overcomes Water. Tun and Tun are two pronunciations.) These are diseases generated by Qi, which is governed by the Sanjiao. (Sanjiao is the Fu organ of water channels; water disease necessarily arises from Qi issues.) Sweating, pain at the outer canthus, cheek pain, pain behind the ear, shoulder, elbow, and arm laterally, inability to use the ring finger, giving rise to these diseases. (Sanjiao emits Qi to warm muscles and fill the skin, hence sweating. Other diseases are all within the coverage of this meridian.) For excess conditions, apply draining methods; for deficiency conditions, apply tonifying methods; for heat conditions, use rapid needling; for cold conditions, retain the needle; for sinking/depressed conditions, use moxibustion; for neither excess nor deficiency, treat according to the meridian itself. (Principles as in the first meridian.) When excessive, the Ren Ying pulse is one time larger than the Cun Kou pulse; when deficient, the Ren Ying pulse is smaller than the Cun Kou pulse. (Hand-Shaoyang is the exterior of Jueyin, hence observed at the Ren Ying pulse.)
The Gallbladder meridian belongs to the Foot-Shaoyang. When the meridian undergoes change, disease occurs, manifesting as bitter taste in the mouth, frequent sighing. (Gallbladder disease leads to leakage of bile, hence bitter taste. Gallbladder Qi stagnation leads to discomfort, hence frequent sighing.) Hypochondriac pain preventing turning to the side. (Foot-