风者六淫之一，诸邪之首也。故经言风者百病之长，又言风者百病之始。妙矣哉！善行数变，其尽风之形
容乎。篇中所论，浅深不同，要之风之为病，其义尽于此矣。
黄帝问曰∶风之伤人也，或为寒热，或为热中，或为寒中，或为疠风，或为偏枯，……其病各异，其名不
同，或内至五脏六腑，不知其解，愿闻其说。岐伯对曰∶风气藏于皮肤之间，内不得通，外不得泄。风者善行
而数变，腠理开则洒然寒，闭则热而闷。（洒然，寒貌。闷，不爽貌。按∶此言风邪中人，病之外感者也。邪
以汗解，内通则外达；惟内不得通，故外不得泄也。善行者无处不到，数变者证不一端，风之为邪，其厉矣哉。
腠理开则风气外通而恶寒，闭敛则邪气内郁而热闷，是必表而发之乃安也。）其寒也则衰食饮，其热也则消肌
肉，故使人 栗而不能食，名曰寒热。（寒风入胃，故食饮衰。热气内藏，故消肌肉。寒热相合，故 栗而不
能食，名曰寒热也。 栗，卒振寒貌。按∶ 音突，忽忘也。栗，战栗，谓寒热相激而不自知也。 栗全元起
本作失味，甲乙经作解 ，并非。）
风气与阳明入胃，循脉而上至目内 。其人肥，则风气不得外泄，则为热中而目黄；人瘦则外泄而寒，则
为寒中而泣出。（人肥则腠理密致，故不得外泄，则为热中而目黄；人瘦则腠理开疏，风得外泄，则寒中而泣
出也。按∶ 音恣。）
风气与太阳俱入，行诸脉俞，散于分肉之间，与卫气相干，其道不利。故使肌肉愤 而有疡，卫气有所凝
而不行，故其肉有不仁也。（分肉之间，卫气行处。风与卫气相搏，俱行于分肉之间，故气道涩而不利也。气
道不利，风气内攻，卫气相持，故肉愤 而疮出也。疡，疮也。若卫气被风吹之，不得流转，所
在偏并，凝而不行，则肉有不仁之处也。不仁谓 而不知寒热痛痒。）疠者，有荣气热 ，其气不清，故使其
鼻柱坏而色败，皮肤疡溃。风寒客于脉而不去，名曰疠风。（……此则风入于经脉之中也。荣行脉中，故风入
脉中，内攻于血，与荣气合，合热而血 坏也。其气不清，言溃乱也。然血脉溃乱，荣复挟风，阳脉尽上于头，
鼻为呼吸之所，故鼻柱坏而色恶，皮肤破而溃烂也。脉要精微论曰∶“脉风成为疠。”按∶风病惟此为厉，
故名疠风。令人有此病者，多是父母相传。盖精血秽浊，胶固不散，一气相承，终久必毙。若如经言风入脉俞，
卫气凝涩，便为疠风，则似疠亦从外而入，气凝血热，鼻坏肤溃，几与父子相传者无辨矣。要而论之，得于外
感者可治，得于父母者难治，学人不可不知也。疠音利。）
以春甲乙伤于风者为肝风，以夏丙丁伤于风者为心风，以季夏戊己伤于邪者为脾风，以秋庚辛中于邪者为
肺风，以冬壬癸中于邪者为肾风。（按∶五脏应四时，一定之例也。若夫邪之所入，必于其虚，春何必肝而心
何必夏，神而明之，存乎其人而已。伤与中不必泥。）
风中五脏六腑之俞，亦为脏腑之风。（按∶脏腑之系附于背，故其穴在背。俞者，背穴也。脏腑之气不固，
则风邪由俞而入，于是风之入于脏腑者，或由脏而发于阴，或由腑而发于阳，审脉辨证，可因类而施治也。
俞音输。）
各入其门户所中，则为偏风。（随俞左右而偏中之，则为偏风。按∶偏风，偏枯证也。人身之有穴俞也，
犹室之有门户，风邪中人，必由穴俞，故云入其门户也。若所入偏于一，则病在一偏矣，今之瘫痪者是也。）
风气循风府而上，则为脑风。（按∶风府穴在项发际一寸，大筋内宛宛中。脑风者，风入于脑，触风则头
晕微痛，时流清涕，与鼻渊相似也。）风入系头，则为目风眼寒。（按∶系头眼寒，殊不可解，古本恐有误也。）
饮酒中风，则为漏风。（按∶酒性辛温，开郁行气，更感风邪，则汗液外泄而令真气疏漏也。）入房汗出
中风，则为内风。（内耗其精，外开腠理，因内风袭，故曰内风。）
新沐中风，则为首风。（按∶人身之窍，惟发最疏，热水沐之，则腠开而风易入。故凡病感风，其头必痛，
似不独新沐为然也。）
久风入中∶则为肠风飧泄。（按∶中者，脾胃也。脾胃者，土也。风久则木胜，木胜则入而伤土。是故风
居肠脏，而令水谷不分也。飧音孙。）
外在腠理，则为泄风。（风居腠理，则玄府开通，风薄汗泄，故云泄风。）
故风者，百病之长也，至其变化，乃为他病也，无常方，然致有风气也。（长，先也。先百病而有也。
按∶风有声而无形，有气而无质，乘间袭虚，人被中而猝不觉，诸邪病患，故当以风为长也。及其既入经络，
则千变万化，随虚而入，无一定之所，几无风之可泥矣。然病本于风，虽无风之形，必有风之气。善诊者，察
色按脉，自能辨之于微也。元起本及甲乙经，致字作故攻解，反觉支离。）
帝曰∶五脏风之形状不同者何？愿闻其诊及其病能。岐伯曰∶肺风之状，多汗恶风，色 然白，时咳短气，
昼日则瘥，暮则甚，诊在眉上，其色白。（按∶肺合皮毛，风入之则腠理疏泄，故多汗恶风也。肺色白， 者
白色，肺病则色见于外也。肺变动为咳，肺受风故咳。惟咳故短气，短气者，喘促也。气恶闭而喜舒，昼阳气
舒故瘥，夜阴气闭故甚也。眉上，阙庭也，肺之部，见白色则知肺病也。 ，烹上声，浅白色。瘥音虿，病瘳
也。）
心风之状，多汗恶风，焦绝，善怒吓，赤色，病甚则言不可快，诊在口，其色赤。（按∶液入心为汗，故
风入心亦多汗恶风也。火灼物则焦，焦绝者，心主火，心病则火炽而焦急。惟火炽
焦急，故又善怒而吓人也。舌为心苗，心病则舌不便利，故言不快也。赤为心色，心病故赤见于口也。注以
焦绝属唇皮，谓热剥唇皮，误矣。）
肝风之状，多汗恶风，善悲，色微苍，嗌干，善怒，时憎女子，诊在目下，其色青。（按∶肝虽主风，然
更感风，则内外相通而气大泄，故亦多汗恶风也。悲者肺志，肝何以悲？盖肝病则木虚而受制于金，故善悲。苍
者，木病色也。肝脉循喉咙之后，入颃颡，风动火炽，故嗌干。肝志怒，木气急也，木急则气阳志亢，故不欲
近女子也。注以善悲为心虚，误矣。嗌音抑，喉塞也。）
脾风之状，多汗恶风，身体怠堕，四肢不欲动，色薄微黄，不嗜食，诊在鼻上，其色黄。（按∶风为木化，
脾所畏也，风木刑脾，肉腠不固，故脾亦多汗恶风也。脾病则气弱，故怠惰。脾主四肢，故不欲动。脾无力，
故色薄而微黄。不嗜食，脾病不知五味也。鼻居面中，属土，故验脾病者，其鼻必黄也。注引心脉解怠惰，误矣。）
肾风之状，多汗恶风，面 然浮肿，脊痛不能正立，其色 ，隐曲不利，诊在肌上，其色黑。（ 然，肿
起也。 ，黑色也。隐曲，隐蔽委曲之处也。肾藏精，外应交接，今脏被风薄，故隐蔽委曲之事，不利所为也。
黑，肾色也。按∶汗者水也，肾之液也，肾被风则肾水外泄而为汗，故肾亦多汗恶风也。肾病则水泛，故面浮。
肾入风则腰无力，故不能正立。色 者，肾病而黑色形于外也。风入肾则宗筋痿，故不利于交接也。 音忙。
音台，烟煤也。）
胃风之状，颈多汗恶风，食饮不下，膈塞不通，腹善满，失衣则 胀，食寒则泄，诊形瘦而腹大。（按∶
胃者土也，风木乘之，则胃液外泄，胃脉诊于人迎，人迎在颈，故风入胃而颈独多汗恶风也。胃主饮食，其治上
连膈，下连腹，故病则不下不通而满也。胃喜暖而恶寒，故 胀而泄也。凡若此者，土被木刑，肌肉消削，中
气不运，形瘦腹大，是其诊也。）
首风之状，头面多汗恶风，当先风一日则病甚，头
痛不可以出内，至其风日，则病少愈。（头者诸阳之会，风客之则皮腠疏，故头面多汗也。按∶先风一日，谓
风初入首而证尚未见之时也。风之感人，人不即觉，忽然头痛。及至汗出面浮，方识是风，而痛旋缓。所以然
者，风内入则甚，外达则衰，自然之理也。）
漏风之状，或多汗，常不可单衣，食则汗出，甚则身汗，喘息恶风，衣常濡，口干善渴，不能劳事。（按∶
此脾肺虚症也。肺虚则腠理疏泄，故多汗。肺虚畏寒，故不可单衣。喘息则风入，故令口干也。脾虚则中气
馁弱，故食则汗出，不能劳事也。脾虚则内不固，肺虚则外不密，故曰漏风也。）
泄风之状，多汗，汗出泄衣上，口中干，……不能劳事，身体尽痛则寒。帝曰∶善！（汗多则津液涸，
故口中干。形劳则汗出甚，故不能劳事。身体尽痛，以其汗多。汗多则亡阳，故寒也。按∶新校正云∶“孙思
邈云∶‘新房室竟取风为内风，其状恶风，流汗沾衣。’疑此泄风，乃内风也。本论前文，先云漏风、内风、
首风，次言入中为肠风，在外为泄风。今有泄风而无内风，孙思邈载内风，乃此泄风之状，故疑此泄字，乃
内字之误也。”）
风是六淫邪气之一，也是各种邪气的先导。所以医经中说“风为百病之长”，又说“风为百病之始”。这话说得真妙啊！“善行数变”（指风邪善于游走、变化迅速），这大概是对风邪形态最全面的描述吧。本篇所论述的内容，深浅程度各不相同，但总而言之，关于风邪致病的道理，都包含在这里了。
黄帝问道：风邪伤人，有的表现为寒热证，有的表现为热中证，有的表现为寒中证，有的表现为疠风（麻风病），有的表现为偏枯（半身不遂），……这些病症各不相同，名称也不同，有的深入五脏六腑，我不明白其中的机理，希望听听您的解说。岐伯回答说：风邪潜伏在皮肤之间，向内不能通达，向外不能宣泄。风邪善于游走且变化多端，腠理（皮肤纹理及汗孔）开张时，人会感到洒然恶寒；腠理闭合时，则会发热且胸闷。（注：此段解释风邪中人，属于外感病。邪气应通过发汗解除，内通则外达；正因为内不得通，所以外不得泄。善于行走的邪气无处不到，变化多的邪气症状不一，风邪作为致病因素，真是厉害啊。腠理开则风气外通而恶寒，闭敛则邪气内郁而热闷，必须用发散表邪的方法治疗才能安宁。）如果表现为寒象，就会食欲减退；如果表现为热象，就会消耗肌肉，因此使人战栗而不能进食，称为寒热证。（寒风入胃，所以饮食减少。热气内藏，所以消耗肌肉。寒热相合，所以战栗而不能进食，称为寒热证。栗，突然振寒的样子。按：音突，忽忘的意思。栗，战栗，指寒热相激而人不自知。全元起本和《甲乙经》作“失味”或“解”，都不对。）
风邪与阳明经一同进入胃中，沿经脉上行至目内眦。如果这个人形体肥胖，风邪就不能向外宣泄，就会形成热中证，出现眼睛发黄；如果这个人形体消瘦，风邪就能向外宣泄，就会形成寒中证，出现流泪。（形体肥胖的人腠理致密，所以风邪不得外泄，形成热中证而目黄；形体消瘦的人腠理疏松，风邪得以外泄，形成寒中证而泣出。按：恣音。）
风邪与太阳经一同进入，行走在各经脉的腧穴，散布在分肉（肌肉间隙）之间，与卫气相互干扰，导致气道不利。因此使肌肉肿胀并生出疮疡，卫气有所凝滞而不能运行，所以肌肉会出现麻木不仁的现象。（分肉之间是卫气运行的地方。风邪与卫气相搏，共同行于分肉之间，所以气道涩滞而不通畅。气道不利，风邪内攻，卫气与之相持，所以肌肉肿胀而出疮疡。疡，就是疮。如果卫气被风吹拂，不能流转，所在之处偏聚，凝滞不行，那么肌肉就会出现麻木不仁的地方。不仁，指感觉迟钝，不知寒热痛痒。）疠风，是因为营气有热，气血不清乱，所以导致鼻梁塌陷、面色败坏、皮肤溃疡溃烂。风寒客居在经脉中不去除，就称为疠风。（……这是风邪进入经脉之中。营气行于脉中，所以风入脉中，内攻于血，与营气结合，结合后生热导致血脉败坏。其气不清，指溃乱。然而血脉溃乱，营气又挟带风邪，阳脉都上达头部，鼻是呼吸的通道，所以鼻梁塌陷而面色恶浊，皮肤破损溃烂。《脉要精微论》说：“脉风成为疠。”按：风病中以这个最为猛烈，所以叫疠风。让人得这种病的，多是父母遗传。因为精血秽浊，胶固不散，一气相承，最终必死。如果像经文所说，风入脉俞，卫气凝涩，就变成疠风，那似乎疠风也是从外而入，气凝血热，鼻坏肤溃，就和父子相传的区别不大了。总之说来，得自外感的可以治愈，得自父母的难治，学医的人不可不知道。疠音利。）
在春季甲乙日伤于风邪的，称为肝风；在夏季丙丁日伤于风邪的，称为心风；在长夏戊己日伤于邪气的，称为脾风；在秋季庚辛日伤于邪气的，称为肺风；在冬季壬癸日伤于邪气的，称为肾风。（按：五脏对应四季，是固定的规律。至于邪气侵入，必定乘虚而入，春天何必一定是肝，夏天何必一定是心，神妙明达的道理，在于人的灵活运用罢了。伤和中不必拘泥。）
风邪侵入五脏六腑的腧穴，也会形成脏腑之风。（按：脏腑的联系系附于背部，所以它们的穴位在背部。俞，就是背部的穴位。脏腑之气不固，风邪就由俞穴而入，于是风邪进入脏腑，或者由脏发于阴，或者由腑发于阳，审察脉象辨证，就可以因类施治。俞音输。）
风邪各自侵入门户（腧穴）所在的位置，就称为偏风。（随着腧穴左右偏中，就称为偏风。按：偏风，就是偏枯证。人身有腧穴，就像房屋有门户，风邪中人，必定由腧穴进入，所以说入其门户。如果所入偏于一侧，那么病就在身体的一侧了，现在的瘫痪病就是这样。）
风邪顺着风府穴上行，就称为脑风。（按：风府穴在项部发际上一寸，大筋内侧凹陷处。脑风，是风邪入脑，触风则头晕微痛，时常流出清涕，与鼻渊相似。）风邪侵入头部的系连组织，就称为目风眼寒。（按：系头眼寒，很难理解，古本恐怕有误。）
饮酒时中风，就称为漏风。（按：酒性辛温，能开郁行气，再感受风邪，就会导致汗液外泄而使真气疏漏。）房事后出汗又中风，就称为内风。（内部耗损精气，外部腠理开张，因内风侵袭，所以叫内风。）
刚洗完头就中风，就称为首风。（按：人体的孔窍，只有头发部位最疏松，热水洗头，腠理张开而风邪易入。所以凡是感风病，头部必然疼痛，并不只是刚洗头才这样。）
久风入里，就称为肠风飧泄（完谷不化的腹泻）。（按：中，指脾胃。脾胃属土。风久则木胜，木胜则入而伤土。所以风居于肠脏，导致水谷不分。飧音孙。）
风邪停留在体表腠理，就称为泄风。（风居腠理，则玄府（汗孔）开通，风迫汗泄，所以叫泄风。）
所以风是百病之长，到了它发生变化的时候，就成了其他疾病，没有固定的方剂（或指没有固定的发病形式），然而致病的原因总是因为有风邪存在。（长，先也。先于百病而有。按：风有声而无形，有气而无质，乘隙袭虚，人中了风而猝然不觉，各种邪气病患，所以应当以风为长。等到它进入经络，就千变万化，随虚而入，没有一定的位置，几乎没有什么风邪可以拘泥了。然而病本于风，虽然没有风的形状，必有风的气机。善于诊断的人，观察面色按压脉象，自然能在细微处辨别出来。元起本及《甲乙经》，将“致”字作“故攻”解释，反而觉得支离破碎。）
皇帝说：五脏受风的症状为什么不同？希望听听它们的诊法及其病状。岐伯说：肺风的症状，是多汗恶风，面色白，时常咳嗽短气，白天减轻，晚上加重，诊察在眉上部位，颜色发白。（按：肺合皮毛，风入之则腠理疏泄，所以多汗恶风。肺色白，白色，肺病则色见于外。肺变动为咳，肺受风故咳。因为咳所以短气，短气就是喘促。气恶闭而喜舒，白天阳气舒展所以减轻，夜晚阴气闭塞所以加重。眉上，即阙庭，是肺的部位，见白色就知道是肺病。 ，烹上声，浅白色。瘥音虿，病愈的意思。）
心风的症状，是多汗恶风，口唇焦裂干枯，容易愤怒惊吓，面色赤红，病情严重时说话不流利，诊察在口部，颜色发赤。（按：津液入心为汗，所以风入心也多汗恶风。火灼物则焦，焦绝，心主火，心病则火炽而焦急。因为火炽焦急，所以又容易愤怒而吓唬人。舌为心苗，心病则舌不便利，所以说话不快。赤为心色，心病故赤见于口。注释把焦绝归属于唇皮，说是热剥唇皮，是错误的。）
肝风的症状，是多汗恶风，容易悲伤，面色微青，咽喉干燥，容易愤怒，时常厌恶女子，诊察在目下部位，颜色发青。（按：肝虽主风，但如果再感风邪，则内外相通而气大泄，所以也多汗恶风。悲是肺志，肝为什么会悲？因为肝病则木虚而受制于金，所以善悲。苍，是木的病色。肝脉循喉咙之后，入颃颡，风动火炽，所以咽喉干燥。肝志怒，木气急，木急则阳气亢奋，所以不喜欢亲近女子。注释把善悲归为心虚，是错误的。嗌音抑，喉塞的意思。）
脾风的症状，是多汗恶风，身体怠惰，四肢不想活动，面色淡黄，食欲不振，诊察在鼻上部位，颜色发黄。（按：风化为木，是脾所畏惧的，风木刑克脾土，肉腠不固，所以脾也多汗恶风。脾病则气弱，所以怠惰。脾主四肢，所以不想动。脾无力，所以面色薄而微黄。不嗜食，是脾病不知五味。鼻居面中，属土，所以检验脾病，鼻子必然发黄。注释引用心脉解怠惰，是错误的。）
肾风的症状，是多汗恶风，面部浮肿，脊痛不能直立，面色黑，小便不利（隐曲不利），诊察在肌肤部位，颜色发黑。（ 然，肿起的样子。 ，黑色。隐曲，指隐蔽委曲之处。肾藏精，外应交接，现在肾脏被风邪侵薄，所以隐蔽委曲之事，不利所为。黑，是肾色。按：汗是水，肾之液，肾被风则肾水外泄而为汗，所以肾也多汗恶风。肾病则水泛，所以面浮。肾入风则腰无力，所以不能正立。色黑者，肾病而黑色形于外。风入肾则宗筋痿，所以不利于交接。 音忙。 音台，烟煤的意思。）
胃风的症状，颈部多汗恶风，饮食不下，膈塞不通，腹部容易胀满，穿衣少受凉则腹胀，吃冷的食物则腹泻，诊察形体瘦而腹部大。（按：胃属土，风木乘之，则胃液外泄，胃脉诊于人迎，人迎在颈部，所以风入胃而颈部独多汗恶风。胃主饮食，其治上连膈，下连腹，所以生病则不下不通而胀满。胃喜暖而恶寒，所以受凉则胀而泄。凡是这样的，是土被木刑克，肌肉消削，中气不运，形体瘦腹部大，就是它的诊候。）
首风的症状，头面多汗恶风，在刮风前一天病情加重，头痛不能出门或进屋，到了刮风那天，病情稍微好转。（头是诸阳之会，风客之则皮腠疏，所以头面多汗。按：先风一日，指风初入头部而症状尚未显现的时候。风感人，人不立即察觉，忽然头痛。等到出汗面浮，才识别是风，而疼痛随即缓解。之所以这样，是因为风内入则重，外达则轻，这是自然的道理。）
漏风的症状，或多汗，常不能穿单衣，吃饭则出汗，严重则全身出汗，喘息恶风，衣服常常湿透，口干善渴，不能从事劳作。（按：这是脾肺虚症。肺虚则腠理疏泄，所以多汗。肺虚畏寒，所以不能单衣。喘息则风入，所以令口干。脾虚则中气馁弱，所以食则汗出，不能劳事。脾虚则内不固，肺虚则外不密，所以叫漏风。）
泄风的症状，多汗，汗出浸湿衣服，口中干，……不能从事劳作，全身疼痛则怕冷。皇帝说：好！（汗多则津液枯竭，所以口中干。形体劳累则汗出更多，所以不能劳事。全身疼痛，是因为汗多。汗多则亡阳，所以怕冷。按：新校正说：“孙思邈说：‘新房事结束后取风为内风，其状恶风，流汗沾衣。’怀疑这个泄风，乃是内风。本篇前文，先说漏风、内风、首风，次说入中为肠风，在外为泄风。现在有泄风而无内风，孙思邈记载的内风，就是这个泄风的症状，所以怀疑这个泄字，是内字的误写。”）
Wind is one of the Six Excesses (Liu Yin, six pathogenic factors) and the leader among all pathogens. Therefore, the classics state that "wind is the chief of a hundred diseases" and also that "wind is the beginning of a hundred diseases." How profound! The phrase "agile in movement and variable in nature" (Shan Xing Shu Bian, referring to wind's tendency to move rapidly and change frequently) seems to fully describe the characteristics of wind. The discussions in this chapter vary in depth, but essentially, the principles of wind-induced diseases are all contained herein.
The Yellow Emperor asked: "When wind pathogen attacks the human body, it may manifest as cold-heat syndrome, heat-in-the-middle syndrome, cold-in-the-middle syndrome, leprosy (Li Feng), hemiplegia (Pian Ku), ... These diseases differ from one another and have different names; some penetrate deeply into the five zang and six fu organs. I do not understand the mechanism behind this and wish to hear your explanation."
Qibo replied: "Wind pathogen lodges between the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It cannot communicate inward nor be excreted outward. Wind is agile in movement and variable in nature. When the interstices (Cou Li, pores and skin texture) open, one feels chilly and cold; when they close, one experiences fever and chest oppression. (Note: This describes external contraction by wind pathogen. Pathogens should be resolved through sweating; internal unblocking leads to external release. Because internal communication is blocked, external excretion is impossible. Agile pathogens go everywhere; variable pathogens present diverse symptoms. Wind as a pathogen is indeed severe. When interstices open, wind flows out causing aversion to cold; when closed, evil qi stagnates internally causing heat and oppression. Treatment must involve releasing the exterior to bring peace.) If it manifests as cold, appetite declines; if it manifests as heat, muscles are consumed. Thus, it causes shivering and inability to eat, named Cold-Heat Syndrome. (Cold wind entering the stomach reduces food intake. Heat qi storing internally consumes muscle. Cold and heat combining cause shivering and anorexia, hence named Cold-Heat Syndrome. 'Li' refers to sudden chills. Note: Pronounced 'tu', meaning sudden forgetfulness. 'Li' means trembling, indicating involuntary shaking due to clashing cold and heat. Quan Qiyuan's edition and *Jia Yi Jing* read 'loss of taste' or 'dissolution', which are incorrect.)
When wind pathogen enters the Stomach along with the Yangming channel, traveling up the meridian to the inner canthus: In obese individuals, wind cannot escape outward, leading to Heat-in-the-Middle Syndrome with yellow eyes; in emaciated individuals, wind escapes outward, leading to Cold-in-the-Middle Syndrome with tearing. (Obese people have dense interstices, so wind cannot escape, causing heat accumulation and jaundice; emaciated people have loose interstices, allowing wind to escape, causing cold accumulation and lacrimation. Note: 'Zi' pronunciation.)
When wind pathogen enters with the Taiyang channel, circulating through various meridian Shu points and dispersing between the muscle layers, interfering with Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), the pathway becomes obstructed. This causes muscle swelling and ulceration. Since Wei Qi stagnates and fails to circulate, the flesh becomes insensate (Bu Ren). (Between muscle layers is where Wei Qi travels. Wind clashes with Wei Qi, both moving between muscles, causing obstruction. Obstruction allows wind to attack inward and Wei Qi to contend, resulting in swollen flesh and ulcers. Ulcer means sore. If Wei Qi is blown by wind and cannot flow freely, gathering and stagnating in specific areas, those areas become insensate. Insensate means lack of sensation to cold, heat, pain, or itch.) Leprosy (Li Feng) occurs when Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) becomes hot and turbid, causing nasal collapse, facial discoloration, and skin ulcers. When cold-wind lingers in the meridians without departing, it is called Leprosy. (...This indicates wind entering the blood vessels. Ying Qi moves within vessels; thus wind enters vessels, attacking blood internally and combining with Ying Qi. Combined heat damages blood vessels. 'Turbid qi' refers to chaos. Blood vessel chaos combined with wind-carrying Ying Qi affects yang meridians ascending to the head. As the nose is the passage for respiration, nasal bridge collapses and complexion darkens, skin breaks and suppurates. *Mai Yao Jing Wei Lun* states: 'Wind in pulse becomes Leprosy.' Note: Among wind diseases, this is the most severe, hence named Leprosy. Often inherited from parents due to turbid essence and blood, firmly bound and transmitted, inevitably fatal. If wind entering Shu points and stagnating Wei Qi caused Leprosy, it would imply external origin, indistinguishable from hereditary cases. In summary, externally acquired cases are treatable; hereditary cases are difficult. Students must know this. 'Li' pronunciation.)
Wind contracted on Jia/Yi days in Spring affects the Liver Wind; on Bing/Ding days in Summer, Heart Wind; on Wu/Ji days in Late Summer, Spleen Wind; on Geng/Xin days in Autumn, Lung Wind; on Ren/Gui days in Winter, Kidney Wind. (Note: Five Zang correspond to Four Seasons as a fixed rule. However, pathogens enter where there is deficiency. Why must Spring affect only the Liver or Summer only the Heart? Profound understanding lies in individual application. Do not rigidly adhere to 'injury' vs 'strike'.)
Wind invading the Shu points of the five zang and six fu organs creates Wind of the Zang and Fu. (Note: Zang-Fu connections attach to the back, so their Shu points are on the back. 'Shu' refers to back acupoints. If Zang-Fu Qi is insecure, wind enters via Shu points. Wind entering Zang may manifest via Yin channels, while Fu via Yang channels. By examining pulses and differentiating syndromes, treatment can be applied accordingly. 'Shu' pronunciation.)
Wind entering its respective gateways (Shu points) asymmetrically results in Biased Wind (Pian Feng). (Entering Shu points on one side leads to Biased Wind. Note: Biased Wind refers to hemiplegia. Acupoints are like doors in a house; wind enters via these gates. If entry is biased to one side, disease manifests on that side, as seen in modern paralysis.)
Wind ascending along the Fengfu point leads to Brain Wind. (Note: Fengfu point is one cun above the hairline at the nape, inside the large tendons. Brain Wind involves wind entering the brain, causing dizziness and mild headache upon exposure to wind, with clear nasal discharge, similar to Nasal Sinusitis.) Wind entering the head's connecting tissues leads to Eye Wind and Cold Eyes. (Note: 'Connecting head/cold eyes' is hard to interpret; ancient texts likely contain errors.)
Drinking alcohol while exposed to wind leads to Leaking Wind (Lou Feng). (Note: Alcohol is pungent and warm, promoting circulation. Combined with wind, it causes sweat leakage and dispersion of True Qi.) Having intercourse with sweating followed by wind exposure leads to Internal Wind (Nei Feng). (Internal essence depletion opens interstices; wind attacks internally, hence Internal Wind.) Washing hair recently then exposed to wind leads to Head Wind (Shou Feng). (Note: Hair follicles are the most open orifices. Hot water washing opens interstices, inviting wind. All wind diseases cause headache, not just after washing.) Long-standing wind penetrating inward leads to Intestinal Wind and Undigested Diarrhea (Sun Xie). (Note: 'Zhong' refers to Spleen/Stomach. Spleen/Stomach belong to Earth. Prolonged wind strengthens Wood, which attacks Earth. Wind lodging in intestines causes failure to separate clear from turbid. 'Sun' pronunciation.)
Wind lingering in external interstices leads to Draining Wind (Xie Feng). (Wind in interstices opens pores, forcing sweat out, hence Draining Wind.)
Thus, wind is the chief of a hundred diseases. Its transformations lead to other illnesses without fixed patterns, yet the root cause is always wind presence. (Chief means preceding. Wind has sound but no form, qi but no substance. It exploits gaps and deficiency, striking suddenly unaware. Hence, wind is considered primary. Once in meridians, it changes endlessly, following deficiency, having no fixed location. Yet, disease stems from wind; though formless, its qi exists. Skilled diagnosticians observe complexion and palpate pulses to discern subtle signs. Yuan Qi edition and *Jia Yi Jing* interpret 'zhi' as 'attack', which seems disjointed.)
The Emperor said: "Why do wind manifestations differ among the five zang? I wish to hear about their diagnosis and pathology."
Qibo said: "Lung Wind presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, pale complexion, frequent cough, shortness of breath, improvement during the day, worsening at night. Diagnosis is at the supraorbital region, showing white color. (Note: Lung governs skin/hair; wind invasion causes porous interstices and sweating. Lung color is white; disease shows externally. Lung movement is cough; wind induces cough. Cough causes shortness of breath (panting). Qi dislikes closure and prefers expansion; daytime yang expands (improvement), nighttime yin closes (worsening). Supraorbital area is Lung's domain; whiteness indicates Lung disease. 'Peng' pronunciation. 'Chai' pronunciation, meaning recovery.)
Heart Wind presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, dry/burnt lips, irritability/fright, red complexion. Severe cases show slurred speech. Diagnosis is at the mouth, showing red color. (Note: Fluids transform into sweat in Heart; wind in Heart causes sweating. Fire scorches objects; burnt lips indicate Heart Fire blazing. Blazing fire causes irritability. Tongue is Heart's sprout; Heart disease causes tongue stiffness and speech difficulty. Red is Heart color; disease shows redness at mouth. Annotation attributing burnt lips to heat peeling skin is wrong.)
Liver Wind presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, sadness, slightly greenish complexion, dry throat, irritability, aversion to women. Diagnosis is below the eyes, showing green color. (Note: Liver governs wind; additional wind invasion causes internal/external connection and qi leakage, leading to sweating. Sadness is Lung emotion; Liver disease weakens Wood, controlled by Metal, causing sadness. Green is Wood's pathological color. Liver meridian passes through throat; wind-fire blazes causing dry throat. Anger is Liver emotion; urgent Wood qi causes hyperactivity, leading to aversion to women. Annotation attributing sadness to Heart deficiency is wrong. 'Yi' pronunciation, meaning throat obstruction.)
Spleen Wind presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, lethargy, desirelessness in limbs, pale-yellow complexion, loss of appetite. Diagnosis is on the nose, showing yellow color. (Note: Wind transforms to Wood, feared by Spleen. Wood attacks Earth, loosening flesh/interstices, causing sweating. Spleen disease weakens qi (lethargy). Spleen governs limbs (desirelessness). Weak Spleen causes pale-yellow hue. Loss of appetite indicates Spleen dysfunction in taste. Nose is central face, belongs to Earth; yellow nose indicates Spleen disease. Annotation citing Heart meridian lethargy is wrong.)
Kidney Wind presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, puffy face, back pain preventing upright standing, black complexion, urinary difficulty (Yin Qu Bu Li). Diagnosis is on the skin/muscle, showing black color. ('Ran' means swelling. 'Mo' means black. 'Yin Qu' refers to private/genital areas. Kidney stores essence, governing sexual function. Wind thinning Kidney causes dysfunction in private matters. Black is Kidney color. Note: Sweat is water, Kidney fluid. Wind causes Kidney water to leak as sweat. Kidney disease causes water flooding (facial puffiness). Wind in Kidney weakens waist (inability to stand). Black color indicates Kidney disease manifesting externally. Wind in Kidney flaccidizes sinews (sexual dysfunction). 'Mang' pronunciation. 'Tai' pronunciation, meaning soot.)
Stomach Wind presents with neck sweating, aversion to wind, dysphagia, chest obstruction, abdominal distension, bloating when underdressed, diarrhea from cold food, emaciated body with distended abdomen. (Note: Stomach is Earth; Wood attacks, leaking Stomach fluids. Stomach pulse is at Renying (neck); wind in Stomach causes neck sweating. Stomach governs digestion, connecting diaphragm to abdomen; disease causes obstruction and fullness. Stomach likes warmth, hates cold; cold causes bloating/diarrhea. Earth attacked by Wood causes muscle wasting and stagnant Middle Qi, resulting in emaciation and distended abdomen—this is the diagnostic sign.)
Head Wind presents with head/face sweating, aversion to wind. Symptoms worsen one day before windy weather, with headache preventing going out or staying indoors. On windy days, symptoms improve. (Head is meeting of Yang meridians; wind makes skin/interstices loose, causing sweating. Note: 'One day before' refers to early stage before full manifestation. Wind strikes subtly; sudden headache occurs. Only when sweating/puffiness appear is wind recognized, and pain subsides. Reason: Wind internalizing is severe, externalizing is mild—natural law.)
Leaking Wind presents with excessive sweating, inability to wear single clothes, sweating upon eating, severe whole-body sweating, panting, aversion to wind, wet clothes, dry mouth/thirst, inability to labor. (Note: Spleen/Lung deficiency. Lung deficiency causes porous interstices (sweating) and cold intolerance (no single clothes). Panting invites wind, causing dry mouth. Spleen deficiency weakens Middle Qi (sweating after eating, inability to labor). Spleen deficiency implies internal insecurity; Lung deficiency implies external looseness, hence 'Leaking Wind'.)
Draining Wind presents with excessive sweating soaking clothes, dry mouth, ... inability to labor, generalized body pain with chills. The Emperor said: Excellent! (Excessive sweat depletes fluids (dry mouth). Labor increases sweating (inability to work). Generalized pain due to sweat loss. Sweat loss destroys Yang (chills). Note: Xin Zheng Jiao says: 'Sun Simiao stated: "Wind after intercourse is Internal Wind, presenting with aversion to wind and profuse sweating soaking clothes." Suspecting this Draining Wind is actually Internal Wind. Earlier text lists Leaking, Internal, Head Wind, then Intestinal Wind (internal) and Draining Wind (external). Presence of Draining Wind but absence of Internal Wind suggests Sun Simiao's Internal Wind matches this Draining Wind description. Thus, suspect 'Xie' (Drain) is a typo for 'Nei' (Internal).")