夫大道始生于一气，一气分别清浊，升降而为二仪，天为阳，地为阴，其二也。天地阴阳，
各分三等，而太少不同，故有三阴三阳之六气也。天非纯阳，而亦有三阴，地非纯阴，而亦有三
阳，是故天地各有三阴三阳，而为十二矣。天之阴阳，应人之手，地之阴阳，应人之足，以应手
足三阴三阳十二经脉也。故经曰∶岁半之前，天气主之，岁半之后，地气主之。又，经曰身半之
上，天气主之，身半之下，地气主之。然正谓脐以上应春夏，脐以下应秋冬。然春天中之阳，夏
为天中之阴，秋为地中之阳，冬为地中之阴。故经曰∶天以阳生阴长，地以阳杀阴藏，是以明其
春生、夏长、秋收、冬藏之令也，是以知寅卯辰为手三阳，巳午未为手三阴，申酉戌为足三阳，
亥子丑为足三阴也。天地阴阳气运，以平为期，各无盛衰，则无胜复淫 灾眚之变。人之手足三
阴三阳十二经脉亦然，和平各无盛衰则无疾病，不和则病由生也。
足厥阴肝病，则腰痛不可以俯仰，丈夫 疝，妇人小腹肿， 胁痛引少腹。甚则嗌干，面尘，
善怒，忽忽眩冒巅疾，目赤肿痛，耳聋颊肿。虚则目KT KT 无所见，耳无所闻，善恐，如人将
捕之，胸满，呕逆，飧泄，狐疝，遗溺，闭
癃。
足少阳胆病，则喜呕，呕有苦，善太息，心胁痛，不能转侧。甚则面尘，身无膏泽，足外反
热。虚则头痛，目锐 痛，缺盆中肿痛，腋下肿，马刀侠瘿，汗出振寒，疟，胸、胁、肋、髀、
膝外至 、绝骨、外踝前及诸节皆痛，小指次指不用。
手少阴心病，则胸中痛，两胁痛，膺背肩胛间痛，两臂内痛。甚则嗌干，心痛，渴而欲饮，
身热，肤痛，烦心，谵妄。虚则善悲，时睡卧，胸腹大，胁下与腰背相引痛，目黄，胁痛， 臂
内后廉痛厥，掌中热痛。
手太阳小肠病，则嗌痛，颔痛肿，不可回顾，肩似拔， 似折。虚则少腹控睾，引腰脊，上
冲心痛，耳聋，目黄，颊颔肿，肩、 、臂外后廉痛。
手厥阴心包络病，则手心热，臂肘挛急，腋肿。甚则胸胁支满，心中 大动，面赤，目黄，
喜笑不休。虚则烦心，心痛，掌中热。
手少阳三焦病，则耳聋浑浑 ，嗌肿，喉痹，小腹肿，不得小便。虚则汗出，目锐 痛，
耳后、肩、 、肘、臂外皆痛，小指次指不能为用。
足太阴脾病，则舌本强，食则呕，腹胀，溏，瘕泄水闭，饮发中满，食减，善噫，身体皆重。
甚则善饥，肉痿，足不收，行善 ，脚下痛，四肢不举，大小便不通。虚则腹满肠鸣，飧泄，食
不化，舌本痛，体不能动摇，食不下，烦心，心下急痛，寒疟，水闭，黄胆，不能卧，强立，股
膝内肿厥，足大指不用。
足阳明胃病，则洒洒振寒，善伸，数欠，病至则恶人与火，闻木音则惕然而惊，心欲动，独
闭户牖而处。甚
则欲上高而歌，弃衣而走，贲响腹胀，骂詈不避亲疏，是谓 厥。气盛则病身以前皆热，消谷善
饥，溺色黄，气虚则身以前皆寒栗，胃中寒则腹胀满。盛则胃脘当心而痛、上走两胁，膈咽不通，
饮食不下，狂，疟，温淫，汗出，鼽衄，口 ，唇胗，颈肿，喉痹，腹胀水肿，膝膑肿痛，循膺、
乳、气街、伏兔、 外廉、足跗上皆痛，中指不能为用。
手太阴肺病，则胀满，膨膨而喘咳，缺盆中痛，咳，上气喘喝，烦心，胸满， 臂内前廉痛
厥。甚则交两手而瞀，肩背痛，风寒汗出。虚则气少不能报息，溺色变。
手阳明大肠病，则齿痛，颈肿。虚则目黄，口干，鼽衄，喉痹，腹中雷鸣，气常冲胃，喘不
能久立，肩前 痛，大指次指痛不能用。
足少阴肾病，则饥不欲食，面如漆柴，咳唾则有血，喝喝而喘，坐而欲起，目KT KT 如无
所见，心悬，如饥，腹大胫肿，喘咳，寝汗出，憎风。虚则腹满身重，濡泄，寒疡流水，腰肢痛
发， 、 、股、膝不便，烦冤，足痿，清厥，意不乐，大便难，善恐，心惕惕如人将捕之，是
为骨厥。实则口热，舌干，咽肿，上气，嗌干及痛，烦心，心痛，黄胆，肠 ，脊臀股内后廉痛，
痿厥，嗜卧不宁，足下热而痛。
足太阳膀胱病，则囟顶脑户中痛，气冲头痛，目似脱，项似拔，腰似折，髀不可以曲， 如
结， 如裂，是为踝厥。虚则痔，疟，巅疾，头、囟、项痛，目黄，泪出，项、背、腰、脊、尻、
、脚皆痛，小指不能为用。
大道起始于元气，元气分化出清浊之气，升降运动形成天地二仪。天属于阳，地属于阴，这就是“二”。天和地的阴阳之气，各自又分为三个等级，且有余（太）和不足（少）的区别，因此产生了三阴三阳的六气。天并非纯粹的阳，其中也包含三阴；地并非纯粹的阴，其中也也包含三阳。所以天地各有三阴三阳，合为十二。天的阴阳对应人的手部经脉，地的阴阳对应人的足部经脉，以此对应手足三阴三阳共十二条经脉。所以医经说：一年上半年，天气主导；一年下半年，地气主导。又说：身体上半部分，由天气主导；身体下半部分，由地气主导。确切地说，肚脐以上对应春夏，肚脐以下对应秋冬。春季中的阳气，夏季中的阴气，秋季中的阳气，冬季中的阴气。所以医经说：天以阳气生发，以阴气生长；地以阳气肃杀，以阴气闭藏。由此明确了春生、夏长、秋收、冬藏的规律。据此可知，寅、卯、辰三个月对应手三阳经，巳、午、未三个月对应手三阴经，申、酉、戌三个月对应足三阳经，亥、子、丑三个月对应足三阴经。天地阴阳之气的运行，以平衡为准则，如果各无偏盛偏衰，就不会出现胜复、淫溢灾害等变异。人的手足三阴三阳十二条经脉也是如此，如果平和无偏盛偏衰就不会生病，如果不和谐疾病就会产生。
足厥阴肝经发生病变，会出现腰部疼痛，不能俯仰，男子患疝气，女子小腹肿胀，胁肋疼痛牵引少腹。严重时咽喉干燥，面色如蒙尘，容易发怒，精神恍惚眩晕，头顶部位发病，眼睛红肿疼痛，耳聋，脸颊肿胀。虚证则视力模糊看不清东西，耳朵听不见声音，容易恐惧，好像有人要抓捕自己，胸部胀满，呕吐逆气，完谷不化的泄泻，狐疝，遗尿，小便闭塞不通。
足少阳胆经发生病变，喜欢呕吐，呕吐苦水，经常叹气，心部和胁肋疼痛，身体不能转侧。严重时面色如蒙尘，身体皮肤缺乏光泽，足背外侧发热。虚证则头痛，目外眦疼痛，缺盆中肿痛，腋下肿胀，马刀侠瘿（淋巴结肿大），出汗并伴有寒战，疟疾，胸、胁、肋、髀、膝外侧至绝骨、外踝前及各关节都疼痛，无名指和小指活动不利。
手少阴心经发生病变，胸中疼痛，两胁疼痛，胸前、背部及肩胛间疼痛，两臂内侧疼痛。严重时咽喉干燥，心痛，口渴想喝水，身体发热，皮肤疼痛，心烦意乱，胡言乱语。虚证则容易悲伤，时常想睡觉，胸腹部胀大，胁下与腰背部相互牵引疼痛，眼睛发黄，胁痛，手臂内侧后缘疼痛甚至厥冷，掌心发热疼痛。
手太阳小肠经发生病变，咽喉疼痛，下颌肿痛，头部不能回顾，肩膀感觉像被拔除一样，肘部感觉像折断一样。虚证则小腹部牵引睾丸，牵引腰脊，向上冲击导致心痛，耳聋，眼睛发黄，脸颊和下颌肿胀，肩、肘、臂外侧后缘疼痛。
手厥阴心包络发生病变，手心发热，手臂和肘部拘挛紧急，腋窝肿胀。严重时胸胁支撑胀满，心中悸动剧烈，面色发红，眼睛发黄，喜欢笑个不停。虚证则心烦，心痛，掌心发热。
手少阳三焦经发生病变，耳聋声音浑浊，咽喉肿胀，喉痹，小腹部肿胀，小便不通。虚证则出汗，目外眦疼痛，耳后、肩、肘、臂外侧都疼痛，无名指和小指不能活动使用。
足太阴脾经发生病变，舌根僵硬，进食后呕吐，腹部胀满，大便溏薄，瘕积泄泻或小便闭塞，痰饮发作导致胸膈胀满，食欲减退，经常打嗝，全身沉重。严重时容易饥饿，肌肉萎缩，脚部无力无法收持，行走时容易跌倒，脚下疼痛，四肢不能抬起，大小便不通。虚证则腹部胀满，肠鸣，完谷不化的泄泻，食物不消化，舌根疼痛，身体无法动摇，饮食不下，心烦，胃脘急痛，寒性疟疾，小便闭塞，黄疸，不能平卧，强行站立时大腿和膝盖内侧肿胀厥冷，足大趾活动不利。
足阳明胃经发生病变，怕冷颤抖，喜欢伸展，频繁打哈欠，病发时厌恶人和火光，听到木器敲击声就惊恐不安，心跳加速，独自关上门窗居住。严重时想要登上高处唱歌，脱掉衣服奔跑，胃肠雷鸣腹胀，骂人不分亲疏，这称为狂厥。邪气盛则病发身前皆热，消化食物快且容易饥饿，尿液颜色黄；邪气虚则身前皆寒冷战栗，胃中有寒则腹部胀满。邪气盛则胃脘当心口处疼痛，向上走窜至两胁，膈咽不通，饮食难下，发狂，疟疾，温热病，出汗，鼻塞流涕或鼻出血，口疮，唇部生疮，颈部肿胀，喉痹，腹部胀满水肿，膝盖髌骨肿痛，沿着胸部、乳房、气街、伏兔、小腿外侧、足背等处都疼痛，中指不能活动使用。
手太阴肺经发生病变，胸中胀满，膨膨作响且气喘咳嗽，缺盆中疼痛，咳嗽，上气喘促，心烦，胸部胀满，手臂内侧前缘疼痛甚至厥冷。严重时交叉双手捂住头目感到昏花，肩背疼痛，风寒感冒出汗。虚证则气短不足以接续呼吸，尿液颜色改变。
手阳明大肠经发生病变，牙齿疼痛，颈部肿胀。虚证则眼睛发黄，口干，鼻塞流涕或鼻出血，喉痹，腹中肠鸣，气常冲犯胃部，气喘不能久立，肩前部疼痛，食指和拇指疼痛且无法使用。
足少阴肾经发生病变，有饥饿感但不想吃东西，面色黑枯如漆柴，咳嗽唾液中带血，喘息有声，坐着想要站起来，视力模糊好像看不见东西，心中悬空感像饥饿一样，腹部肿大，小腿肿胀，气喘咳嗽，睡中出汗，怕风。虚证则腹部胀满，身体沉重，濡泄（稀便），寒性溃疡流水，腰肢疼痛发作，胯部、臀部、大腿、膝盖不便，烦闷郁结，足部痿软，清冷厥逆，心情不乐，大便困难，容易恐惧，心慌好像有人要抓捕自己，这称为骨厥。实证则口热，舌干，咽喉肿胀，气逆上冲，咽喉干燥及疼痛，心烦，心痛，黄疸，肠道病变，脊柱、臀部、大腿内侧后缘疼痛，痿厥，嗜睡不安宁，足底发热疼痛。
足太阳膀胱经发生病变，囟顶和脑户部位疼痛，气冲头痛，眼睛感觉像要脱出，脖子感觉像被拔起，腰部感觉像折断，大腿不能弯曲，腘窝像被捆绑一样，小腿肚像撕裂一样，这称为踝厥。虚证则痔疮，疟疾，头顶疾病，头、囟、项部疼痛，眼睛发黄，流泪，项、背、腰、脊、尻、腘、小腿肚、脚都疼痛，小趾不能活动使用。
The Great Dao originates from one Qi (vital energy). This Qi differentiates into clear and turbid parts, rising and descending to form the Two Modes (Yin and Yang). Heaven is Yang, Earth is Yin; this constitutes the "Two". The Yin and Yang of Heaven and Earth are each divided into three grades, differing in excess (Tai) and deficiency (Shao), thus generating the Six Qi (Six Energies) of Three Yin and Three Yang. Heaven is not purely Yang, but also contains Three Yin; Earth is not purely Yin, but also contains Three Yang. Therefore, Heaven and Earth each possess Three Yin and Three Yang, totaling twelve. The Yin and Yang of Heaven correspond to the hands of humans, and the Yin and Yang of Earth correspond to the feet, aligning with the Twelve Meridians of Hand and Foot Three Yin and Three Yang. Thus, the Classics state: In the first half of the year, the Qi of Heaven dominates; in the second half, the Qi of Earth dominates. Furthermore, the Classics state: Above the midpoint of the body, the Qi of Heaven dominates; below the midpoint, the Qi of Earth dominates. Specifically, above the umbilicus corresponds to Spring and Summer, while below the umbilicus corresponds to Autumn and Winter. The Yang within Spring, the Yin within Summer, the Yang within Autumn, and the Yin within Winter follow this pattern. Hence, the Classics say: Heaven generates through Yang and grows through Yin; Earth kills (subdues) through Yang and stores through Yin. This clarifies the mandates of Spring generation, Summer growth, Autumn harvest, and Winter storage. From this, we know that the months of Yin, Mao, and Chen correspond to the Three Yang Meridians of the Hand; Si, Wu, and Wei correspond to the Three Yin Meridians of the Hand; Shen, You, and Xu correspond to the Three Yang Meridians of the Foot; and Hai, Zi, and Chou correspond to the Three Yin Meridians of the Foot. The movement of Yin and Yang Qi in Heaven and Earth aims for balance; if there is no excess or deficiency, there will be no variations such as overacting, counter-acting, or excessive disasters. Similarly, the Twelve Meridians of the Hand and Foot Three Yin and Three Yang in humans: if they are harmonious without excess or deficiency, disease does not arise; if disharmonious, disease is generated.
When the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian (Zu Jueyin Gan Jing) is diseased, there is lower back pain preventing bending and stretching, hernia in men, swelling of the lower abdomen in women, and hypochondriac pain radiating to the lower abdomen. Severe cases present with dry throat, dusty complexion, irritability, sudden dizziness and vertigo, head disorders, red and swollen painful eyes, deafness, and swollen cheeks. Deficiency patterns manifest as blurred vision, hearing loss, fearfulness (as if being hunted), chest fullness, vomiting and rebellious Qi, undigested diarrhea, fox hernia, urinary incontinence, and strangury (difficulty urinating).
When the Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian (Zu Shaoyang Dan Jing) is diseased, there is a tendency to vomit bitter fluid, frequent sighing, pain in the heart and hypochondrium, and inability to turn the body. Severe cases show a dusty complexion, lack of luster on the body skin, and heat on the lateral aspect of the foot. Deficiency patterns include headache, pain at the outer canthus of the eye, swelling and pain in the supracleavicular fossa, axillary swelling, scrofula (mar knife and collarbone goiter), sweating with chills, malaria, and pain in the chest, hypochondrium, ribs, thigh, lateral knee, Juegu point, anterior lateral malleolus, and various joints, with dysfunction of the fourth and fifth toes.
When the Hand Shaoyin Heart Meridian (Shou Shaoyin Xin Jing) is diseased, there is pain in the chest center, bilateral hypochondriac pain, pain between the chest, back, and scapula, and pain in the medial aspect of both arms. Severe cases present with dry throat, heart pain, thirst with desire to drink, fever, skin pain, vexation, and delirium. Deficiency patterns involve sadness, somnolence, abdominal distension, pulling pain between the hypochondrium and lower back, yellow eyes, hypochondriac pain, coldness and pain along the posterior medial border of the arm, and heat/pain in the palm.
When the Hand Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian (Shou Taiyang Xiaochang Jing) is diseased, there is sore throat, swelling and pain in the jaw, inability to look back, shoulder pain feeling like pulling, and elbow pain feeling like breaking. Deficiency patterns include lower abdominal pain radiating to the testicles and lumbar spine, upward rushing pain in the heart, deafness, yellow eyes, cheek and jaw swelling, and pain along the posterior lateral aspect of the shoulder, elbow, and arm.
When the Hand Jueyin Pericardium Meridian (Shou Juexin Xinbao Luo) is diseased, there is heat in the palms, spasms and stiffness of the arms and elbows, and axillary swelling. Severe cases present with distending fullness in the chest and hypochondrium, violent palpitations, red face, yellow eyes, and incessant laughter. Deficiency patterns involve vexation, heart pain, and heat in the palms.
When the Hand Shaoyang Sanjiao (Triple Burner) Meridian (Shou Shaoyang Sanjiao Jing) is diseased, there is deafness with muffled hearing, swollen throat, pharyngeal obstruction, lower abdominal swelling, and inability to urinate. Deficiency patterns include sweating, pain at the outer canthus, and pain behind the ear, shoulder, elbow, and lateral arm, with dysfunction of the fourth and fifth toes.
When the Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian (Zu Taiyin Pi Jing) is diseased, there is stiffness of the tongue root, vomiting after eating, abdominal distension, loose stools, mass-like diarrhea or water retention with urinary obstruction, chest fullness due to fluid retention, reduced appetite, frequent belching, and heaviness of the body. Severe cases present with hunger, muscle atrophy, weakness of the feet, falling during walking, foot pain, inability to lift the limbs, and obstruction of bowel and bladder movements. Deficiency patterns include abdominal fullness, borborygmus, undigested diarrhea, indigestion, tongue root pain, immobility, difficulty eating, vexation, acute epigastric pain, cold malaria, urinary obstruction, jaundice, inability to lie flat, swelling and coldness in the inner thighs and knees when standing forcibly, and dysfunction of the great toe.
When the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian (Zu Yangming Wei Jing) is diseased, there is aversion to cold with shivering, desire to stretch, frequent yawning, aversion to people and fire upon onset, startle response to wooden sounds, palpitations, and a preference for staying alone in closed rooms. Severe cases may involve climbing high to sing, discarding clothes and running, rumbling abdominal distension, cursing without regard for kinship, known as Manic Jue. Excess patterns present with heat in the anterior body, rapid digestion with easy hunger, and yellow urine. Deficiency patterns present with coldness and shivering in the anterior body; cold in the stomach causes abdominal distension. Excess patterns cause pain in the epigastrium radiating to the hypochondrium, obstruction of the diaphragm and throat, difficulty swallowing, mania, malaria, warm pathogenic invasion, sweating, rhinorrhea/epistaxis, mouth sores, lip lesions, neck swelling, pharyngeal obstruction, abdominal distension with edema, knee and patella swelling, and pain along the chest, breast, Qichong area, Futu, lateral leg, and dorsum of the foot, with dysfunction of the middle finger.
When the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian (Shou Taiyin Fei Jing) is diseased, there is chest fullness, distending wheezing and coughing, pain in the supracleavicular fossa, upper airway wheezing, vexation, chest fullness, and coldness/pain along the anterior medial border of the arm. Severe cases involve crossing arms over the chest with visual obscuration, shoulder and back pain, and sweating due to wind-cold. Deficiency patterns present with shortness of breath (inability to complete inhalation/exhalation cycles) and changes in urine color.
When the Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian (Shou Yangming Dachang Jing) is diseased, there is toothache and neck swelling. Deficiency patterns include yellow eyes, dry mouth, rhinorrhea/epistaxis, pharyngeal obstruction, borborygmus, Qi rushing to the stomach, inability to stand for long periods due to asthma, pain in the anterior shoulder, and pain/dysfunction of the index and thumb.
When the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian (Zu Shaoyin Shen Jing) is diseased, there is hunger without desire to eat, dark and withered complexion like lacquered wood, blood in sputum, wheezing with sound, restlessness (wanting to sit up then stand), blurred vision, sensation of hunger in the heart, abdominal swelling, calf swelling, wheezing/coughing, night sweats, and aversion to wind. Deficiency patterns include abdominal fullness, heavy body, damp diarrhea, oozing cold ulcers, lumbar and limb pain, difficulty moving hips/thighs/knees, depression, foot flaccidity, cold extremities, unhappiness, difficult defecation, fearfulness, palpitations (as if being hunted), known as Bone Jue. Excess patterns present with oral heat, dry tongue, swollen throat, rebellious Qi, dry/painful throat, vexation, heart pain, jaundice, intestinal issues, pain along the posterior medial spine/buttocks/thighs, flaccidity/cold extremities, lethargy/restlessness, and heat/pain in the soles.
When the Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian (Zu Taiyang Pangguang Jing) is diseased, there is pain in the fontanelle and Naohu region, Qi-rushing headache, eyes feeling like they are protruding, neck feeling like it is being pulled, waist feeling like it is broken, inability to bend the thighs, binding sensation in the popliteal fossa, tearing sensation in the calves, known as Ankle Jue. Deficiency patterns include hemorrhoids, malaria, vertex disorders, pain in the head, fontanelle, and neck, yellow eyes, tearing, and pain in the neck, back, waist, spine, sacrum, popliteal fossa, calf, and foot, with dysfunction of the little toe.