统属足少阴肾经（《灵枢》曰∶耳者，肾之官也。又曰∶耳焦枯受尘垢者，病在骨。《中
藏经》曰∶肾者精神之舍，性命之根，外通于耳。《素问》曰∶肾，在窍为耳。肾和则耳能闻五音矣。又曰∶
肾者，主为外，使之远听，视耳好恶以知其性。故耳好，前居牙车者肾端正。注∶牙车，即颊车穴也，在耳下
曲颔端陷中。耳偏高者，肾偏倾；耳高者，肾高；耳后陷者，肾下；耳坚者，肾坚；耳薄不坚者，肾脆。《玄
珠》曰∶耳薄而黑或白者，肾败也。罗谦甫曰∶夫耳卒聋者，由肾气虚，为风邪所乘，抟于经络，随其血脉上
入耳，正邪相抟，令卒聋也。肾虚有寒者，宜肉苁蓉丸、烧肾散；肾虚有热者，宜本事地黄丸）。又属手少阴
心经、厥阴心主经（《素问》曰∶南方赤色，
入通于心，开窍于耳。《灵枢》曰∶手心主之正，循喉咙出耳后，合少阳。赵以德曰∶心在窍为舌，以舌非孔
窍，因寄窍于耳。肾治内之阴；心治外之阳。愚按∶手心主、手三焦之脉，皆心脉也。三焦之脉，入耳中，故
心之窍通于耳。凡耳中肿痛之症，皆以心火治之。所谓治其阳也）。又属手少阳三焦经（《灵枢》曰∶手少阳
之脉，上项系耳后，直上出耳上角。其支者，从耳后入耳中，出走耳前。是动则病耳聋，浑浑 。又曰∶手
少阳之上，血气盛，则耳色美；血气皆少，则耳焦恶色。《素问》曰∶上部人，耳前之动脉，以候耳目之气。
注∶在耳前陷者中，动应于手，手少阳脉气所行也。又曰∶一阳独啸，少阳厥也，其终者耳聋。注∶啸者，耳中
鸣如啸声也。胆及三焦脉皆入耳，故气逆上，则耳中鸣）。又属足少阳胆经（《灵枢》曰∶足少阳之脉，其支者
从耳后入耳中，出走耳前。又曰∶足少阳之本，在窍阴之间，标在窗茏之前。窗茏者，耳也。《素问》曰∶伤
寒三日，少阳受之，则胸胁痛而耳聋；九日，少阳病衰，耳聋微闻。李东垣曰∶少阳者，斜出于耳前后也。愚
按此句，并证上文）。兼属足厥阴肝经（《灵枢》曰∶邪在肝，则两胁中痛，行善掣，或时脚肿，取耳间青脉，
以去其掣。《素问》曰∶肝病气逆，则头痛，耳聋不聪。朱丹溪曰∶耳聋属热，少阳、厥阴热多，宜开痰、
散风热，通圣散、滚痰丸之类。罗谦甫曰∶气逆耳聋有三，肝与三焦、小肠也。治法宜四物汤，吞龙荟丸降火，
及复元通气散调气是也。许培元曰∶凡耳聋，耳中疼，皆属少阳之热，为易治。若耳聋，舌卷，唇青者，属厥
阴，为难治也）。又属手足太阳小肠、膀胱经（《灵枢》曰∶手太阳之脉，循颈出，走太阳之前，结于耳后完
骨。其支者，入耳中；直者，出耳上，下结于
颔。其病耳中鸣痛，又曰∶手太阳当曲颊，所生病者耳聋目黄。又曰∶足太阳之脉，其支者，从巅至耳上角。
《素问》曰∶太阳所谓耳鸣者，阳气万物盛上而跃，故耳鸣也）。又属手足阳明大肠、胃经（《灵枢》曰∶聋
而不痛者，取足少阳；聋而痛者，取手阳明。又曰∶阳明根于厉兑，结于颡大。颡大者，钳耳也。又曰∶耳者，
宗脉之所聚也。胃中空则宗脉虚，虚则下溜。脉有所竭者，故耳鸣。补客主人。《素问》曰∶头痛耳聋，九窍
不利，肠胃之所生也。又曰∶邪客于手阳明之脉，令人耳聋，时不闻音）。又属手足少阴、太阴，足阳明五络
之会（《素问》曰∶手足少阴、太阴，足阳明之五络，皆会于耳中，上络左角。五络俱竭，令人身脉皆动，而
形无知也，其状若尸，或曰尸厥。刺其足大趾内侧，后刺足心，后刺足中趾，后刺手大指内侧，后刺手心主、
少阴锐骨之端，各一 立已。不已，以竹管吹其两耳，剃其左角之发方一寸，燔治，饮以美酒一杯。不能饮者，
灌之立已。王启玄曰∶肺太阴之络，会于耳中，肺虚则少气，不能报息而耳聋）。
耳朵归属于足少阴肾经（《灵枢》说：耳是肾的外候器官。又说：耳朵干枯、积满尘垢的，病在骨。《中藏经》说：肾是精神居住的处所，性命的根本，外部与耳相通。《素问》说：肾，在孔窍中对应耳。肾气调和则耳能听见五音。又说：肾，主管对外界的感知，使听力远达，通过观察耳朵的好坏来了解肾的性质。所以耳朵位置好，且前部位于颊车穴附近的，说明肾的位置端正。注：颊车穴，即在耳下曲颔端凹陷处。耳朵偏高，说明肾位置偏斜；耳朵高，说明肾位置高；耳朵后方凹陷，说明肾位置低；耳朵坚实，说明肾坚实；耳朵薄而不坚实的，说明肾脆弱。《玄珠》说：耳朵薄而颜色黑或白的，是肾气败坏的表现。罗谦甫说：突然耳聋，是由于肾气虚弱，被风邪侵袭，搏结于经络，随着血脉上行进入耳中，正邪相互搏结，导致突然耳聋。肾虚有寒的，适宜用肉苁蓉丸、烧肾散；肾虚有热的，适宜用本事地黄丸）。又归属于手少阴心经、厥阴心主经（《素问》说：南方赤色，内通于心，开窍于耳。《灵枢》说：手厥阴心包经的正气，循喉咙上行至耳后，与少阳经会合。赵以德说：心在孔窍中对应舌，因为舌不是孔窍，所以借窍于耳。肾治理内部的阴；心治理外部的阳。我认为：手厥阴心包经和手少阳三焦经的脉气，都是心脉的一部分。三焦经的脉气进入耳中，所以心的窍通于耳。凡是耳中肿痛的病症，都用清心火的方法治疗。这就是所说的治其阳）。又归属于手少阳三焦经（《灵枢》说：手少阳三焦经的脉气，上行颈部连接耳后，直上出于耳上角。其分支，从耳后进入耳中，走出耳前。经脉变动则发生耳聋，声音浑浊。又说：手少阳经上部，血气旺盛，则耳朵色泽美好；血气都少，则耳朵干枯恶臭。《素问》说：上部人迎脉，即耳前的动脉，用以诊察耳目之气。注：在耳前凹陷处，跳动应手，这是手少阳脉气运行的部位。又说：一阳独啸，是少阳经气厥逆，终结时会出现耳聋。注：啸，是指耳中鸣响如啸声。胆经和三焦经的脉气都进入耳中，所以气逆向上，则耳中鸣响）。又归属于足少阳胆经（《灵枢》说：足少阳胆经的分支，从耳后进入耳中，走出耳前。又说：足少阳经的本部在窍阴穴之间，标部在窗笼穴之前。窗笼穴，就是耳。《素问》说：伤寒三天，少阳经受邪，则胸胁痛而耳聋；九天，少阳病衰退，耳聋轻微可闻。李东垣说：少阳经，斜行出于耳的前后。我认为这句话，是用来印证上文）。兼归属于足厥阴肝经（《灵枢》说：邪气在肝，则两胁中间疼痛，行走时常牵引掣痛，有时脚肿，取耳间的青筋，以去除牵引掣痛。《素问》说：肝病气逆，则头痛，耳聋不聪。朱丹溪说：耳聋属于热证，少阳、厥阴经热多，适宜化痰、散风热，可用防风通圣散、滚痰丸之类。罗谦甫说：气逆导致的耳聋有三种，涉及肝、三焦和小肠。治疗方法适宜用四物汤，吞服龙胆泻肝丸以降火，以及复元通气散来调气。许培元说：凡是耳聋，耳中疼，都属于少阳之热，容易治疗。如果耳聋，舌头卷缩，嘴唇发青的，属于厥阴经病，难以治疗）。又归属于手足太阳小肠经、膀胱经（《灵枢》说：手太阳小肠经的脉气，循颈部上行，走向太阳经之前，结聚于耳后的完骨穴。其分支，进入耳中；直行者，出于耳上，向下结聚于下颌。其病症为耳中鸣痛。又说：手太阳经正当曲颊处，所发生的疾病有耳聋、目黄。又说：足太阳膀胱经的分支，从头顶至耳上角。《素问》说：太阳经所谓的耳鸣，是因为阳气像万物盛极而上跃一样，所以耳鸣）。又归属于手足阳明大肠经、胃经（《灵枢》说：聋而不痛的，取足少阳经；聋而痛的，取手阳明经。又说：阳明经根于厉兑穴，结于颡大穴。颡大穴，就是钳耳穴。又说：耳，是众多经脉汇聚的地方。胃中空虚则宗脉虚弱，虚弱则脉气下溜。脉气有所竭绝的，所以耳鸣。补客主人穴。《素问》说：头痛耳聋，九窍不利，是由肠胃产生的。又说：邪气客于手阳明经的脉气，使人耳聋，时常听不见声音）。又归属于手足少阴、太阴，足阳明五络的会合处（《素问》说：手足少阴、太阴，足阳明的五条络脉，都会合于耳中，向上联络左角。五条络脉都竭绝，使人全身脉搏皆动，而形体无知觉，其状态像尸体，有的称为尸厥。针刺其足大趾内侧，后刺足心，后刺足中趾，后刺手大指内侧，后刺手厥阴心包经、手少阴心经锐骨之端，各一针，立即痊愈。如果不愈，用竹管吹其双耳，剃去左角头发方寸，烧制成炭，用美酒一杯送服。不能饮用的，灌服后立即痊愈。王启玄说：肺太阴经的络脉，会合于耳中，肺虚则气短，不能深呼吸而耳聋）。
The ear is governed by the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian (Ling Shu states: "The ear is the external orifice of the Kidney." It also states: "If the ears are dry, withered, and covered with dust, the disease lies in the bones." Zhong Zang Jing states: "The Kidney is the residence of spirit and the root of life, externally connected to the ear." Su Wen states: "The Kidney corresponds to the ear among the orifices. When Kidney Qi is harmonious, the ear can hear the five tones." It further states: "The Kidney governs external perception, enabling distant hearing; by observing the condition of the ears, one can discern the nature of the Kidney. Therefore, if the ears are well-positioned, with the anterior part located near the Jiache acupoint, the Kidney is upright. Note: Jiache is an acupoint located in the depression at the end of the jaw below the ear. If the ears are positioned high, the Kidney is tilted; if the ears are high, the Kidney is high; if the area behind the ears is depressed, the Kidney is low; if the ears are firm, the Kidney is firm; if the ears are thin and not firm, the Kidney is fragile." Xuan Zhu states: "If the ears are thin and black or white, it indicates the failure of Kidney Qi." Luo Qianfu states: "Sudden deafness occurs due to deficiency of Kidney Qi, allowing Wind pathogen to invade and bind within the meridians, ascending along the blood vessels into the ear. The struggle between righteous and pathogenic Qi causes sudden deafness. For Kidney deficiency with Cold, Rou Cong Rong Wan (Cistanche Pill) and Shao Shen San (Burnt Kidney Powder) are appropriate; for Kidney deficiency with Heat, Ben Shi Di Huang Wan (Capability Rehmannia Pill) is appropriate). It is also governed by the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian and the Jueyin Pericardium Meridian (Su Wen states: "The southern color red enters internally to connect with the Heart, opening its orifice in the ear." Ling Shu states: "The regular Qi of the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium follows the throat to emerge behind the ear, combining with Shaoyang." Zhao Yi-de states: "The Heart corresponds to the tongue among the orifices; since the tongue is not a true orifice, it borrows its orifice function from the ear. The Kidney governs internal Yin; the Heart governs external Yang. I observe that the meridians of the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium and Hand-Sanjiao all carry Heart Qi. Since the Sanjiao meridian enters the ear, the orifice of the Heart connects to the ear. Any symptoms of swelling and pain in the ear should be treated by clearing Heart Fire. This is what is meant by treating the Yang)." It is also governed by the Hand-Sanjiao Triple Energizer Meridian (Ling Shu states: "The meridian of the Hand-Sanjiao ascends the neck, connects behind the ear, and emerges directly above the upper angle of the ear. Its branch enters the ear from behind, emerging anterior to the ear. Pathological changes cause deafness with muffled sounds. It also states: "When Blood and Qi are abundant in the upper part of the Hand-Sanjiao, the ear has a beautiful color; when both are deficient, the ears become dry and foul-smelling." Su Wen states: "The arterial pulse anterior to the ear, representing the Upper Human position, is used to assess the Qi of the eyes and ears. Note: Located in the depression anterior to the ear, pulsating under the hand, this is where the Qi of the Hand-Sanjiao meridian flows." It also states: "A solitary whistle of One Yang indicates Shaoyuan Jue (Shaoyang reversal); the terminal stage involves deafness. Note: 'Whistle' refers to tinnitus sounding like a whistle. Since both the Gallbladder and Sanjiao meridians enter the ear, upward rebellion of Qi causes tinnitus)." It is also governed by the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian (Ling Shu states: "The branch of the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder meridian enters the ear from behind, emerging anterior to the ear." It also states: "The root of the Foot-Shaoyang is between the Qiaoyin acupoints, and its biao (mark) is anterior to the Chuanglong acupoint. Chuanglong refers to the ear." Su Wen states: "In Shanghan (Cold Damage) on the third day, when Shaoyang is affected, there is hypochondriac pain and deafness; on the ninth day, as Shaoyang disease declines, deafness improves slightly." Li Dongyuan states: "The Shaoyang meridian runs obliquely around the front and back of the ear. I consider this sentence to corroborate the preceding text)." It is additionally associated with the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian (Ling Shu states: "When pathogen affects the Liver, there is pain in the middle of both hypochondria, frequent pulling sensations during movement, and occasional leg swelling. Treat by selecting the blue veins in the ear to relieve the pulling sensation." Su Wen states: "Liver Qi rebellion causes headache and deafness with poor hearing." Zhu Danxi states: "Deafness belongs to Heat patterns; Shaoyang and Jueyin patterns often involve excessive Heat. Treatment should focus on resolving phlegm and dispersing Wind-Heat, using formulas such as Feng Zheng Tong Sheng San (Wind-Regulating Universal Benefit Powder) or Gun Tan Wan (Rolling Phlegm Pill)." Luo Qianfu states: "There are three types of Qi-rebellion deafness, involving the Liver, Sanjiao, and Small Intestine. Treatment should use Si Wu Tang (Four Substances Decoction), swallowed with Long Dan Xie Gan Wan (Gentian Liver-Draining Pill) to descend Fire, and Fu Yuan Tong Qi San (Restoring Origin Qi-Regulating Powder) to regulate Qi." Xu Peiyuan states: "Generally, deafness with ear pain belongs to Shaoyang Heat and is easy to treat. However, deafness accompanied by tongue retraction and cyanotic lips belongs to Jueyin and is difficult to treat)." It is also associated with the Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian and Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian (Ling Shu states: "The meridian of the Hand-Taiyang follows the neck, moves anterior to the Taiyang meridian, and knots at the Wanggu acupoint behind the ear. Its branch enters the ear; the straight portion emerges above the ear and descends to knot at the mandible. Diseases include tinnitus and pain in the ear." It also states: "At the point corresponding to the curved cheek of the Hand-Taiyang, diseases include deafness and yellow eyes." It also states: "The branch of the Foot-Taiyang meridian goes from the vertex to the upper angle of the ear." Su Wen states: "Tinnitus attributed to the Taiyang meridian occurs because Yang Qi, like flourishing things, surges upward, causing tinnitus)." It is also associated with the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian and Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian (Ling Shu states: "For deafness without pain, select the Foot-Shaoyang meridian; for deafness with pain, select the Hand-Yangming meridian." It also states: "The Yangming meridian roots at the Lidui acupoint and knots at the Sangda acupoint. Sangda refers to the Qian'er acupoint." It also states: "The ear is the gathering place of numerous meridians. If the Stomach is empty, the Zong Mai (Grand Vessels) become deficient; deficiency leads to downward flow. When vessel Qi is exhausted, tinnitus results. Tonify the Kerenren acupoint." Su Wen states: "Headache, deafness, and dysfunction of the nine orifices arise from the stomach and intestines." It also states: "When pathogen invades the meridian of the Hand-Yangming, it causes deafness and intermittent inability to hear sounds)." It is also the convergence of the Five Collaterals of the Hand-Shaoyin, Hand-Taiyin, and Foot-Yangming meridians (Su Wen states: "The five collaterals of the Hand-Shaoyin, Hand-Taiyin, and Foot-Yangming meridians all converge in the ear and ascend to connect with the left corner. If all five collaterals are exhausted, the body's pulses move while the form loses consciousness, resembling a corpse; this is called Shi Jue (Corpse Reversal). Needle the medial side of the big toe, then the center of the foot, then the middle toe, then the medial side of the big finger, then the sharp bone end of the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium and Hand-Shaoyin Heart meridians, one needle each, and recovery will be immediate. If not recovered, blow air into both ears using a bamboo tube, shave a square inch of hair from the left corner of the head, burn it to ash, and drink it with a cup of fine wine. If unable to drink, force-feed it, and recovery will be immediate." Wang Qixuan states: "The collateral of the Lung-Taiyin meridian converges in the ear. Lung deficiency causes shortness of breath and inability to complete inhalation, leading to deafness)."