鼓有十症∶气鼓、食鼓、热鼓、风鼓、劳鼓、湿鼓、虫鼓、血鼓、疳鼓、胸腹肿胀并四
肢肿胀者。如遇患人，腹上用手按之，有窝可治；脉壮者易治；脉细、并脐窝肿出者难治。
鸡里金一具 真沉香 砂仁各三钱，陈香圆五钱
共末。每服钱半，姜汤下。 一用雄乌猪肚一具，入大蒜四两，煮烂连服五、七个。忌
盐、醋、酱一百日。（单方经验）
黄帝曰∶“水与肤胀、鼓胀、肠覃、石瘕、石水，何以别之？”岐伯曰∶“水始起也，目
窠上微肿，如新卧起之状，其颈脉动，时咳，阴股间寒，足胫肿，腹乃大，其水已成矣。以
手按其腹，随手而起，如裹水之状，此其候也；肤胀者，寒气客于皮肤之间， 然不坚，
腹大，身尽肿，皮浓，按其腹， 而不起，腹色不变，此其候也；鼓胀者，腹胀身皆大，大
与肤胀等也。色苍黄，腹筋起，此其候也；肠覃者，寒气客于肠外，与卫气相搏，气不得荣，
因有所系，癖而内着，恶气乃起，息肉乃生。其始生也，大如鸡卵，稍以益大，至其成如怀
子之状，久者离岁，按之则坚，推之则移，月事以时下，此其候也；石瘕，生于胞中，寒气
客于子门，子门闭塞，气不得通，恶血当泻不泻， 以留止，日以益大，状如怀子，月事不
以时下，皆生于女子，可导而下。”
鼓胀者即单鼓胀也。始而止于单，是腹胀。日久不治，则四肢浮肿矣。其症亦有二，一
为湿热所感，一为虚寒所致。但虚寒者，无过于服金匮肾气丸为妙。如系湿热，用鸡屎白炒，
沉香色研筛一升，盛磁罐内，浸好酒二斤，面封口，煮三炷香，澄清随意温服。或用真黄牛
肉一斤，河水煮烂，加皮硝一两，随意食之，二、三日其肿即消，至重者再服全愈。百日之
内，切忌酸咸、生冷、面食、荤腥、油腻、硬物。
十种水病（并根源、症状、方法）
一清水。先从左右肋肿起，根在肝，大戟；二赤水。先从舌根起，根在心，葶苈子；三
黄水。从腰腹起，根在脾，甘遂（炒）；四白水。从脚肿起，根在肺，桑白皮；五黑水。从
外肾肿起，根在肾，连翘；六玄水。从面肿起，根在外肾，芫花（醋炒）；七风水。从四肢
肿起，根在骨，泽泻；八石水。从肾肿起，根在膀胱， 本；九高水。从小腹肿起，根在小
肠，巴豆（去皮油）；十气水。或盛或衰，起根在腹，赤小豆。
上十般肿病，各有根源，种种不同，看十种病根，除一味倍多，余九味等分焙末。蜜丸
梧子大，用赤茯苓汤吞三丸，不拘时，每日三服，愈后服补药。其方∶
肉桂（去皮） 干姜 肉豆蔻 赤茯苓 莪术（醋煮） 川芎 桔梗各等分
为末。每服三钱，白汤下。空心食前，日午晚各一服。二方治水肿，百发百中，获济无
数。（《赤水玄珠》）
禹余粮丸（许学士、朱丹溪皆赞此方为水胀之神药）
蛇含石（大者三两，铁铫烧红倾醋内候冷，取出研极细） 禹余粮石三两 真针砂五两
（淘净、炒干，用醋二钟同余粮铫内煮干，更用铫并药烧红，倾净砖上候冷研细） 羌活 木
香茯苓 川芎 牛膝（酒浸） 桂心 白豆蔻 大茴（炒） 蓬术（泡） 附子（泡） 干
姜（泡） 青皮 京三棱（炮） 白蒺藜 当归（酒浸）各五钱
末。入煎三味拌匀，丸如梧子大。空心白汤下三、五十丸，日三服，更以温补药补之，
神效。（《医宗必读》）
脾病黄肿
青矾（ 成赤珠） 当归（酒浸七日）各四两 百草霜三两
为末。以所浸药酒打丸如梧子大。每服五丸至七丸，酒下。一月效（祖传七世方）
鼓胀水肿
干丝瓜一条，去皮打碎，入巴豆十四粒同炒，以豆黄为度，去豆用瓜；陈米炒黄（米与
巴豆先须等分），又去瓜用米。研细，清水为丸。每服百粒，滚汤下。 肿胀不服药自去水∶
真水银粉二钱，巴豆去油四两，生硫黄一钱，研成饼，贴脐上，黄水自去。贴时先以绵一斤
铺脐上，次贴药饼。外用帛缚之，如人行三、五里，黄水自下。待三、五度去饼，温粥补之，
久患者隔日取水。（《秘方集验》）
水肿腹大（或遍身浮肿）
用枣一斗，入锅内，以水浸过，用大戟根苗盖之，瓦盆合定，煮熟取枣。不时食之，枣
尽决愈。（《本草》）
一用 马鞭草一斤 鼠尾草一斤，水一石煮取五斗，去渣再煎令稠，以粉和丸黄豆大。
每服二、三丸，加至四、五丸，神效。（《肘后方》）
水肿
用土狗（一名蝼蛄）焙干为末。用上半节即消上身之水，下半节即消下体之水，左可消
左，右可消右。方士以此方神奇。（《医宗必读》）
腹胀黄肿
亚腰葫芦莲子烧存性。每服一个，食前温酒下。不饮酒者白汤下，十余日见效。（《简便
方》）
敷药（治腹满如石、或阴囊肿大，先用甘草嚼，后用此）
大戟 芫花 甘遂 海藻各等分
为末。用酽醋调面，和药摊绵纸上，覆贴肿处，仍以软绵裹住。（《医宗必读》）
白游风肿
螺蛳肉入盐少许，捣泥贴之，神效。（摘玄方）
腹皮青色（不速活须臾死）
胡粉（是锡粉、非铅粉）盐熬色变，以摩腹上。（《子母秘录》）
痰鼓
陈葫芦一枚，去顶，用箸松其子，将酒灌入，仍用顶封好，重汤煮数沸去子饮酒。一吐
而愈。元气旺者，断宜用此。（《单方全集》）
鼓胀有十种症状：气鼓、食积鼓、热邪鼓、风邪鼓、劳损鼓、湿邪鼓、虫积鼓、血瘀鼓、疳积鼓，以及胸腹部肿胀并伴有四肢肿胀的情况。如果遇到患者，用手按压腹部，出现凹陷且能恢复的（指可复性凹陷），是可以治疗的；脉象有力的容易治疗；脉象细弱，并且肚脐突出肿胀的则难以治疗。
取鸡内金一具，真沉香、砂仁各三钱，陈香圆五钱。
共同研成细末。每次服用半钱，用姜汤送服。
另一种方法：取一只雄乌猪肚，放入四两大蒜，煮烂后连肉带汤一起服用，连续吃五到七个。忌食盐、醋、酱类食物一百天。（单方经验方）
黄帝说：“水病、肤胀、鼓胀、肠覃、石瘕、石水，这几种病如何区分？”岐伯回答说：“水病刚开始时，眼睑上方微微浮肿，像刚睡醒的样子，颈部人迎脉搏动，时常咳嗽，大腿内侧感觉寒冷，小腿肿胀，随后腹部变大，这说明水液已经形成了。用手按压腹部，随手抬起，像包裹着水的状态，这是它的征候；肤胀，是寒气停留在皮肤之间，叩之空空然不坚实，腹部胀大，全身都肿，皮肤增厚，按压腹部，凹陷不起，腹部颜色不变，这是它的征候；鼓胀，腹部胀满身体都肿大，大小与肤胀相等。面色苍黄，腹壁青筋暴露，这是它的征候；肠覃，寒气停留在肠外，与卫气相搏结，正气不能荣养，因此有所羁绊，癖积内着，恶气于是产生，息肉于是生成。它刚开始生长时，大小如鸡蛋，逐渐增大，到最后像怀孕的样子，病程长的超过一年，按压它则坚硬，推动它则移动，月经仍然按时来潮，这是它的征候；石瘕，生于胞宫之中，寒气客居于子门，子门闭塞，气机不得通畅，恶血应当排出却排不出，留滞体内，一天天增大，形状像怀孕，月经不能按时来潮，这些都发生在女子身上，可以用导引通下的方法治疗。”
鼓胀就是单腹胀。起初只限于腹部胀大，这是腹胀。日久不治疗，就会引起四肢浮肿。其病症也有两种，一种是由湿热感受所致，一种是由虚寒引起。但如果是虚寒证，没有比服用金匮肾气丸更妙的了。如果属于湿热证，用鸡屎白炒制，沉香色研筛一升，盛放在磁罐内，浸泡好酒二斤，用面封口，煮三炷香的时间，澄清后随意温服。或者用真黄牛肉一斤，用河水煮烂，加入皮硝一两，随意食用，两三天后肿胀即可消退，病情重的再服用直至痊愈。百日之内，切忌酸咸、生冷、面食、荤腥、油腻、硬物。
十种水病（包括根源、症状、治疗方法）
第一种清水。先从左右肋部肿起，根源在肝，用药大戟；第二种赤水。先从舌根开始，根源在心，用药葶苈子；第三种黄水。从腰腹部开始，根源在脾，用药甘遂（炒）；第四种白水。从脚部肿起，根源在肺，用药桑白皮；第五种黑水。从外肾（睾丸）肿起，根源在肾，用药连翘；第六种玄水。从面部肿起，根源在外肾，用药芫花（醋炒）；第七种风水。从四肢肿起，根源在骨，用药泽泻；第八种石水。从肾脏肿起，根源在膀胱，用药藁本；第九种高水。从小腹部肿起，根源在小肠，用药巴豆（去皮去油）；第十种气水。或盛或衰，根源在腹部，用药赤小豆。
上述十种肿病，各有根源，种种不同，查看十种病的根源，将对应的一味药加倍多放，其余九味药等分焙干研末。用蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸剂，用赤茯苓汤吞服三丸，不拘时间，每日三次，痊愈后服用补药。该方的组成：
肉桂（去皮）、干姜、肉豆蔻、赤茯苓、莪术（醋煮）、川芎、桔梗各等分。
研成细末。每次服用三钱，用白开水送服。空腹饭前，中午和晚上各服一次。这两个方子治疗水肿，百发百中，救助了无数人。（出自《赤水玄珠》）
禹余粮丸（许学士、朱丹溪都称赞此方为治疗水胀的神药）
蛇含石（大的三两，用铁锅烧红倒入醋中冷却，取出研极细）、禹余粮石三两、真针砂五两（淘洗干净、炒干，用醋二钟同禹余粮在铁锅中煮干，再用铁锅连同药物烧红，倒在干净的砖上冷却后研细）、羌活、木香、茯苓、川芎、牛膝（酒浸）、桂心、白豆蔻、大茴香（炒）、蓬术（泡）、附子（泡）、干姜（泡）、青皮、京三棱（炮）、白蒺藜、当归（酒浸）各五钱。
研成细末。加入煎煮好的三种辅料拌匀，制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。空腹时用白开水送服三五十丸，每日三次，再用温补药进行调理，效果神奇。（出自《医宗必读》）
脾病引起的黄肿
青矾（煅成赤珠状）、当归（酒浸七日）各四两，百草霜三两。
研成细末。用浸泡当归的药酒打糊制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用五至七丸，用酒送服。一个月见效（祖传七世方）。
鼓胀水肿
干丝瓜一条，去皮打碎，放入十四粒巴豆同炒，以豆子变黄为度，去掉巴豆只用丝瓜；再用陈米炒黄（米与巴豆先前需等量），然后去掉丝瓜只用米。研细，用清水泛丸。每次服用一百粒，用滚开水送服。
肿胀不服药自行去水的方法：真水银粉二钱，去油的巴豆四两，生硫黄一钱，研成饼状，贴在肚脐上，黄色的水液自然会流出。贴的时候先在肚脐上铺一层棉布，再贴上药饼。外面用帛带捆扎，如人行走三、五里路的路程，黄色的水液自然流下。待三、五次去掉药饼，用温粥补养身体，久病患者可以隔天取水。（出自《秘方集验》）
水肿腹大（或遍身浮肿）
用枣一斗，放入锅内，加水没过枣，用大戟根苗盖在上面，用瓦盆盖严，煮熟后取出枣。随时食用，枣吃完必然痊愈。（出自《本草》）
另一种方法：用马鞭草一斤，鼠尾草一斤，用水一石煮取五斗，去渣后再煎至浓稠，以米粉调和制成黄豆大小的丸剂。每次服用二、三丸，加至四、五丸，效果神奇。（出自《肘后方》）
水肿
用土狗（一名蝼蛄）焙干研成细末。用上半身一节即可消除上身的水肿，下半身一节即可消除下身的水肿，左侧病变消左侧，右侧病变消右侧。方士认为此方神奇。（出自《医宗必读》）
腹胀黄肿
亚腰葫芦莲子烧存性。每次服用一个，饭前用温酒送服。不饮酒者用白开水送服，十余日见效。（出自《简便方》）
敷药（治疗腹部胀满如石头硬，或阴囊肿大，先用甘草嚼碎，后用此药）
大戟、芫花、甘遂、海藻各等分。
研成细末。用浓醋调面粉，混合药物摊在绵纸上，覆盖贴在肿胀处，仍用软棉包裹住。（出自《医宗必读》）
白游风肿
螺蛳肉加入少许盐，捣成泥状贴敷，效果神奇。（摘玄方）
腹皮青色（不迅速救治片刻即死）
胡粉（是锡粉，不是铅粉），用盐熬制变色，用来摩擦腹部。（出自《子母秘录》）
痰鼓
陈葫芦一枚，去掉顶部，用筷子松动里面的籽，将酒灌入，仍用顶部封好，隔水煮沸数次，去掉籽喝酒。一吐而愈。元气旺盛的人，断然适宜使用此方。（出自《单方全集》）
Tympanites presents with ten types of symptoms: Qi Tympanites (distension due to Qi stagnation), Food Stagnation Tympanites, Heat Tympanites, Wind Tympanites, Exhaustion Tympanites, Dampness Tympanites, Parasite Tympanites, Blood Stasis Tympanites, Gan Accumulation Tympanites, and cases where the chest and abdomen are swollen accompanied by swelling of the four limbs. When examining a patient, if pressing the abdomen leaves an indentation that recovers (reversible depression), it is treatable; if the pulse is strong, it is easy to treat; if the pulse is fine/thin, and the umbilicus protrudes and swells, it is difficult to treat.
Take one piece of Chicken Gizzard Lining (Jineijin), Zhen Chenxiang (Agarwood) and Sha Ren (Amomum Fruit) each at 3 qian, and Chen Xiangyuan (Aged Tangerine Peel) at 5 qian.
Grind them all into fine powder. Take 0.5 qian per dose, washed down with Ginger Decoction.
Another method: Take one stomach of a male black pig, insert 4 liang of garlic, boil until soft, and consume both meat and broth together for five to seven doses. Avoid salt, vinegar, and soy sauce for one hundred days. (Empirical Single Formula)
The Yellow Emperor asked: "How can we distinguish between Water Disease, Skin Distension (Fuzhang), Tympanites (Guzhang), Intestinal Polyps (Changqin), Stone Mass (Shijia), and Stone Water?" Qibo replied: "When Water Disease begins, there is slight swelling above the eye sockets, resembling the appearance after just waking up. The neck vessels pulse, there is occasional coughing, coldness in the inner thighs, swelling of the calves, and subsequently the abdomen enlarges, indicating that water has formed. Pressing the abdomen causes it to rise immediately upon release, resembling a bag filled with water; this is its sign. In Skin Distension, cold pathogen lodges between the skin layers. Percussion sounds hollow but is not firm. The abdomen is large, the whole body is swollen, the skin is thickened. Pressing the abdomen leaves an indentation that does not rise, and the abdominal color remains unchanged; this is its sign. In Tympanites, the abdomen is distended and the body is enlarged, comparable in size to Skin Distension. The complexion is dark yellow, and abdominal collateral veins are prominent; this is its sign. In Intestinal Polyps, cold pathogen lodges outside the intestines, struggling with Defensive Qi. Qi fails to nourish, leading to binding and internal fixation. Evil Qi arises, and polyps form. Initially, they are as large as a chicken egg, gradually increasing until resembling pregnancy. After more than a year, pressing makes them hard, pushing moves them, and menstruation still occurs on time; this is its sign. Stone Mass originates in the uterus. Cold pathogen lodges at the cervical os, causing closure. Qi cannot flow freely. Evil blood should be discharged but is retained, accumulating daily, enlarging until resembling pregnancy. Menstruation does not occur on time. These conditions occur only in women and can be treated by guiding and purging."
Tympanites refers to isolated abdominal distension. Initially limited to the abdomen, this is abdominal distension. If untreated for a long time, it leads to edema of the four limbs. Its pathology involves two patterns: one caused by Damp-Heat, and one caused by Deficiency-Cold. For Deficiency-Cold, no prescription is superior to Jin Gui Shen Qi Wan (Kidney Qi Pill from the Golden Cabinet). For Damp-Heat, use roasted Chicken Droppings White mixed with one sheng of sifted Agarwood powder. Place in a ceramic jar, soak in two jin of good wine, seal with dough, and boil for the duration of three incense sticks. Clarify and take warm as desired. Alternatively, use one jin of real yellow beef boiled in river water until soft, add one liang of Mirabilite (Piao Xiao), and eat as desired. Swelling subsides in two to three days; severe cases may require repeated doses until full recovery. Within one hundred days, strictly avoid sour, salty, raw/cold foods, wheat products, meat/fish, greasy foods, and hard items.
Ten Types of Water Diseases (including origin, symptoms, and methods):
1. Clear Water: Swelling starts from the left and right ribs, rooted in the Liver. Herb: Dayflower Root (Daji).
2. Red Water: Starts from the root of the tongue, rooted in the Heart. Herb: Lepidium Seed (Tinglizi).
3. Yellow Water: Starts from the waist and abdomen, rooted in the Spleen. Herb: Kansui Root (Gansui, stir-fried).
4. White Water: Starts from the feet, rooted in the Lung. Herb: Mulberry Root Bark (Sangbaipi).
5. Black Water: Starts from the external kidneys (testicles), rooted in the Kidney. Herb: Forsythia Fruit (Lianqiao).
6. Dark Water: Starts from the face, rooted in the external kidneys. Herb: Genkwa Flower (Yuanhua, vinegar-fried).
7. Wind Water: Starts from the four limbs, rooted in the bones. Herb: Alisma Rhizome (Zexie).
8. Stone Water: Starts from the kidneys, rooted in the Bladder. Herb: Ligusticum Rhizome (Gaoben).
9. High Water: Starts from the lower abdomen, rooted in the Small Intestine. Herb: Croton Seed (Badou, peeled and oil-extracted).
10. Qi Water: Fluctuates in severity, rooted in the abdomen. Herb: Adzuki Bean (Chixiaodou).
For the above ten types of swelling diseases, each has a different origin. Identify the root cause herb for each disease, double its dosage, and mix equally with the other nine herbs, which are then dried and powdered. Honey-pelletized to the size of a wu zi pill. Take three pills swallowed with Red Poria Decoction (Chifuling Tang), anytime, three times daily. After cure, take tonic medicines. The formula consists of:
Cinnamon Twig (Rougui, bark removed), Dried Ginger (Ganjiang), Nutmeg (Roudoukou), Red Poria (Chifuling), Curcuma Zedoaria (Ezhu, vinegar-boiled), Szechwan Lovage Root (Chuanxiong), and Platycodon Root (Jiegeng) in equal proportions.
Powdered. Take 3 qian per dose, washed down with plain hot water. On an empty stomach before meals, once at noon and once at night. These two formulas treat edema with 100% efficacy, saving countless people. (From *Chishui Xuanzhu*)
Yu Yuliang Wan (Wang Yuxue and Zhu Danxi praised this formula as a divine medicine for water distension)
Ophicalcite (Shehanshi, large pieces 3 liang, heated red in an iron pot, quenched in vinegar until cool, taken out and ground extremely fine), Yu Yuliang Stone 3 liang, Real Needle Sand (Zhensha) 5 liang (washed clean, dried, boiled with two zhong of vinegar and Yu Yuliang stone until dry, then heated red in the pot again, poured onto a clean brick, cooled, and ground fine), Qianghuo, Costus Root (Muxiang), Poria (Fuling), Szechwan Lovage Root (Chuanxiong), Achyranthes Root (Niuxi, wine-soaked), Cinnamon Heart (Guixin), White Cardamom (Baidoukou), Star Anise (Da Hui, stir-fried), Curcuma Zedoaria (Pengzhu, soaked), Aconite Root (Fuzi, soaked), Dried Ginger (Ganjiang, soaked), Green Tangerine Peel (Qingpi), Bupleurum Root (Jingsanleng, processed), Tribulus Fruit (Bajili), and Angelica Sinensis (Danggui, wine-soaked) each at 5 qian.
Powdered. Mix with three decocted ingredients, pelletize to the size of a wu zi pill. Take 30-50 pills on an empty stomach with plain hot water, three times daily. Follow with warming and tonifying medicines for miraculous effects. (From *Yizong Bidu*)
Spleen Disease causing Yellow Edema
Alum (Qingfan, calcined to red beads), Angelica Sinensis (Danggui, wine-soaked for seven days) each at 4 liang, soot from burning grass (Baicaoshuang) 3 liang.
Powdered. Use the wine used to soak the Danggui to make pellets the size of a wu zi pill. Take 5-7 pills per dose, washed down with wine. Effective within one month. (Ancestral Seven-Generation Formula)
Tympanites and Edema
One dried loofah, peeled and crushed, stir-fried with fourteen Croton seeds (Badou) until the seeds turn yellow. Remove the seeds, keep the loofah. Stir-fry aged rice until yellow (rice and Badou must be equal parts initially). Remove the loofah, keep the rice. Grind finely, make pills with clear water. Take 100 pills per dose, washed down with boiling water.
Method to remove water without oral medication for swelling: 2 qian of Calomel (Shuiyinfen), 4 liang of oil-extracted Croton seed (Badou), and 1 qian of native sulfur (Sheng Liuhuang). Grind into a cake and apply to the umbilicus. Yellow fluid will naturally drain. Before application, place one jin of cotton over the umbilicus, then the medicine cake. Bind externally with cloth. Walk for the distance of three to five li; yellow fluid will drain naturally. Remove the cake after three to five applications, replenish with warm congee. For chronic patients, drain water every other day. (From *Mifang Jiyuan*)
Edema with Abdominal Distension (or generalized edema)
Use one dou of dates. Place in a pot, cover with water, cover with roots and shoots of Dayflower (Daji), seal with a tile lid, cook until soft. Eat the dates frequently. Cure is certain when the dates are finished. (From *Bencao*)
Another method: One jin of Verbena Officinalis (Mabiancao), one jin of Sage (Shuweicao). Boil in one shi of water to obtain five dou. Strain, re-decoct until thick. Mix with flour to make pills the size of soybeans. Take 2-3 pills, increase to 4-5 pills. Miraculous effect. (From *Zhouhou Fang*)
Edema
Roast and powder the Mole Cricket (Tugou/Loulvfu). The upper half eliminates upper body edema; the lower half eliminates lower body edema. Left side treats left, right side treats right. Alchemists consider this formula magical. (From *Yizong Bidu*)
Abdominal Distension with Yellow Edema
Charred Lotus Seeds from a Gourd (Yayao Hulu Lianzi). Take one per dose, wash down with warm wine before meals. Non-drinkers use plain water. Effective in ten-plus days. (From *Jianbian Fang*)
External Application (for abdominal hardness like stone or scrotal swelling; first chew Licorice root, then apply this)
Dayflower Root (Daji), Genkwa Flower (Yuanhua), Kansui Root (Gansui), and Sargassum (Haizao) in equal proportions.
Powdered. Mix with strong vinegar and flour, spread on cotton paper, apply to the swollen area, and wrap with soft cotton. (From *Yizong Bidu*)
White Migratory Wind Swelling
Snail meat with a little salt, pounded into paste and applied. Miraculous effect. (From *Zhexuan Fang*)
Blue Abdominal Skin (Death ensues quickly if not treated urgently)
Lead White (Hufen, specifically Tin Powder, not Lead Powder). Fry with salt until color changes. Rub onto the abdomen. (From *Zimu Milu*)
Phlegm Tympanites
One old gourd, remove the top. Loosen the seeds inside with a chopstick. Pour in wine. Seal with the top. Boil in water for several boils. Remove seeds and drink the wine. Cure after one vomit. Suitable only for those with robust Yuan Qi. (From *Danfang Quanji*)