性味甘平，入大小肠、膀胱经。滑胎利窍，通利二便。有赤、白二种，功用相近。
为粉，荒年亦暂可充饥。
性味甘平，入血分而祛风理湿，杀虫行经；为顽痹、风疮专药。血虚忌之。
甘温微辛，入肝肾而补虚、止痛，安胎续筋，为腰膝诸痛专药。盐水炒或酒炒用。
苦凉沉降，利水通肠，功近大戟。捣汁饮解砒毒，叶更胜，性极泻，虚人并忌
涂肿毒疮疥有功。
一名苏方木。甘咸辛平，入三阴血分，行血去瘀，宣通表里风邪。忌铁，无瘀勿用。
辛温毒烈，功专破血杀虫。血见干漆，即化为水。炒令烟尽，血非陈年久积勿用。漆
蟹汁，亦化为水，其蟹黄尤胜。
辛热大毒，下脏腑沉寒，通经络堕胎，最为斩关夺门之将。按∶大黄、巴豆同为峻
剂，但大黄性寒，腑结多热者宜之；巴豆性热，脏积多寒者宜之。
（灌木 苞木 寓木类）
甘辛性寒，入肺而泻火清肺，理嗽定喘，为肺受湿热喘嗽专药。泻火生用，定喘
肺虚无火及风寒喘嗽均忌。
榆白皮：性味甘平，归入大小肠、膀胱经。具有滑利胎产、通利窍道、通畅二便的功效。分为赤、白两种，功效相近。磨成粉后，荒年也可暂时充饥。
冬桑叶：性味甘平，入血分以祛风除湿，杀虫并调理月经；是治疗顽固性痹证、风疮的专用药物。血虚者忌用。
杜仲：甘温微辛，入肝肾经以补虚、止痛，安胎并续接筋骨，是治疗腰膝各种疼痛的专用药物。需用盐水炒或酒炒后使用。
合欢皮：性味甘平，入心脾经以安神悦志；能令人欢乐无忧，因此得名（合欢）。
雷丸：辛苦性温，入肠胃经以杀虫化积，是治疗腹中虫痛的专用药物。
大戟：苦凉沉降，利水通便，功效接近大戟。捣汁饮用可解砒霜毒，其叶效果更佳，但药性极泻，体虚者同样忌用。外涂对肿毒、疮疥有效。
苏木：又名苏方木。甘咸辛平，入三阴血分，行血去瘀，宣通表里风邪。忌与铁接触，无瘀滞者勿用。
干漆：辛温且毒性猛烈，功效专于破血杀虫。血液遇到干漆，即化为水状。需炒至烟尽方可入药，若非陈年久积之漆则不宜使用。漆遇蟹汁，也会化为水状，其中蟹黄的效果尤为显著。
斑蝥：性味辛热，有毒，以攻毒为主，取油入药，治疗疮疡、杀虫。
巴豆：辛热大毒，能祛除脏腑沉寒，通经络并堕胎，是最为猛烈的“斩关夺门”之将。按语：大黄、巴豆同为峻下剂，但大黄性寒，适合腑实多热者；巴豆性热，适合脏积多寒者。
（灌木类、苞木类、寓木类）
枇杷叶：甘辛性寒，入肺经以泻火清肺，理嗽定喘，是肺受湿热所致喘咳的专用药物。泻火宜生用，定喘时肺虚无火及风寒喘咳均忌用。
Yubai Pi (Ulmus Cortex): The nature is sweet and neutral, entering the Taiyang Large Intestine, Taiyin Small Intestine, and Shaoyang Bladder meridians. It facilitates childbirth by lubricating the fetus, unblocks orifices, and promotes the free flow of urination and defecation. There are two varieties: red and white, with similar functions. When ground into powder, it can temporarily serve as food in years of famine.
Dongsangye (Mulberry Leaf): The nature is sweet and neutral, entering the Blood aspect to dispel wind, resolve dampness, kill parasites, and regulate menstruation; it is a specific medicine for stubborn Bi syndrome (obstruction syndrome) and wind sores. It is contraindicated in cases of Blood deficiency.
Duzhong (Eucommia Bark): Sweet, warm, and slightly acrid, entering the Liver and Kidney meridians to tonify deficiency, relieve pain, calm the fetus, and heal tendons and bones; it is a specific medicine for various pains in the lower back and knees. It should be used after stir-frying with salt water or wine.
Hehuanpi (Albizia Bark): The nature is sweet and neutral, entering the Heart and Spleen meridians to soothe the spirit and elevate mood; it makes one joyful and carefree, hence its name (Hehuan).
Leiwu (Wanaria Seed): Pungent and bitter, warm in nature, entering the Stomach and Intestines to kill parasites and transform accumulations; it is a specific medicine for parasitic abdominal pain.
Daji (Euphorbia Root): Bitter and cool, heavy and sinking, promoting diuresis and unblocking the intestines, with effects similar to Daji (Euphorbia Pekinensis). Drinking its juice can detoxify arsenic poisoning; the leaves are even more effective, but its purgative action is extreme, and it is also contraindicated in deficient individuals. Applying it topically is effective for swellings, toxic sores, and scabies.
Sumu (Sappan Wood): Also known as Sufangmu. Sweet, salty, pungent, and neutral, entering the Three Yin Blood aspect to promote blood circulation, remove stasis, and vent wind pathogens from the exterior and interior. Iron should be avoided; do not use if there is no blood stasis.
Ganqi (Lacquer Tree Resin): Pungent, warm, and highly toxic, specializing in breaking blood stasis and killing parasites. Blood turns to water upon contact with Ganqi. It must be stir-fried until smoke ceases before use; only aged, long-stored resin should be used. Contact with crab juice also causes it to turn to water, with crab roe being particularly effective.
Banmao (Mylabris): Pungent and hot in nature, toxic, using its oil for medicinal purposes to attack toxins, treat sores, and kill parasites.
Badou (Croton Seed): Pungent, hot, and highly toxic, driving out deep cold from the Zang organs, unblocking collaterals, and inducing abortion; it is the most fierce general for "breaking through gates." Note: Dahuang (Rhubarb) and Badou are both drastic purgatives, but Dahuang is cold in nature and suitable for Fu organ excess-heat conditions, whereas Badou is hot in nature and suitable for Zang organ accumulation with excess-cold conditions.
(Shrub category, Bao wood category, Yu wood category)
Pipaye (Loquat Leaf): Sweet and pungent, cold in nature, entering the Lung meridian to drain fire, clear the Lungs, regulate cough, and stop asthma; it is a specific medicine for asthma and cough caused by Damp-Heat affecting the Lungs. For draining fire, use raw; for stopping asthma, it is contraindicated in cases of Lung deficiency without fire, as well as Wind-Cold asthma and cough.
Jianghuang (Turmeric Rhizome): Bitter and neutral in nature, acting horizontally on the arms; it dispels Wind-Dampness and unblocks joints, serving as a guiding specific medicine for Wind-Cold-Damp Bi syndrome and pain in the limbs and joints. It should be used after stir-frying with wine.
Shuang Sangye (Frost Mulberry Leaf): This is the mulberry leaf after frost. Bitter and sweet, cool in nature, entering the Lung meridian to clear and descend Qi transformation, eliminate dryness, and reduce fever; it is a specific medicine for Lung deficiency with accompanying heat.