一名文武实。甘酸性温,色黑入肾,滋肾壮水,乌须黑发。鲜者,泸汁熬膏,蜜收
烧酒,经久弥佳。
一名谷实。性味甘寒,利水消肿,软坚治哽。酒拌蒸用。楮皮∶甘平,性善行水,治
肿气滞。楮叶∶甘凉,专祛湿热,治瘴痢、疫痢。
苦酸微寒,消痞宽胀,破气攻坚,通肠胃以利胸膈。江枳壳∶味苦性平,消痞化
气行痰,快胸膈以宽肠胃。按∶枳实、枳壳同一种,但枳实力猛,枳壳力缓,俱宜炒
用尤峻。胃虚肠滑均忌。
性味苦寒,入心肝而兼入三焦;泻心肝邪热,引三焦之郁火曲屈下行。内热用仁,
用皮。泻火生用,炒黑止血,姜汁炒止烦呕而解郁热。虚者忌之。
甘酸性润,入心、脾、肝、胆。生用酸平,益肝胆以宁心敛汗;熟酸温,醒脾气以
安神。
味甘微寒,入肝而消风清热,退翳明目,有养肝益阴之功。生研用。
酸涩微温,入肾而固精秘气,补肾养肝,为肾虚精滑酸涩专药。核能滑精,拣净用
辛苦甘平,入肝脾而散结润燥,下气行水。酒引入胆,兼治胆横目胀不瞑。虚者忌
又名文武实。味甘、酸,性温,色黑入肾经,能滋补肾阴、壮水制火,使须发乌黑。鲜品可取汁熬制成膏,用蜂蜜和烧酒收贮,存放越久效果越好。
味苦、甘,性平,入肝、肾二经,能祛风除湿,强壮筋骨,是治疗腰膝疼痛痹阻的专用药物。
又名谷实。味甘,性寒,能利水消肿,软化坚结以治疗噎膈。用时用酒拌蒸。楮皮:味甘,性平,善于行水利湿,治疗水肿气滞。楮叶:味甘,性凉,专于清除湿热,治疗瘴气痢疾、疫毒痢疾。
味苦、酸,微寒,能消痞满、宽胀闷,破气攻坚,疏通肠胃以利胸膈。江枳壳:味苦,性平,能消痞化气、行痰,舒畅胸膈以宽利肠胃。按语:枳实与枳壳同出一源,但枳实力猛,枳壳力缓,均宜炒用更为峻烈。胃虚及肠滑者均忌用。
味苦,性寒,入心、肝二经,兼入三焦;能泻除心肝邪热,引导三焦郁火曲折下行。内热证用仁,(若)用皮。(注:此处原文可能有脱漏或指代不明,依文意理解为不同部位用法不同,或特指某药之皮,结合上下文推测可能指地骨皮或类似药物,但原文未明示药名,仅描述性味功效。根据“泻心肝邪热...引三焦之郁火”,此段极似描述地骨皮或牡丹皮等清虚热药,但前文无药名。仔细审视原文结构,每段开头通常隐含药名或承接上文。观察全文,第一段干桑椹,第二段五加皮,第三段楮实子/楮皮/楮叶,第四段枳实/枳壳,第五段缺药名?第六段缺药名?第七段缺药名?第八段缺药名?第九段缺药名?第十段缺药名?第十一段缺药名?第十二段缺药名?
重新分析原文结构:
1. 干桑椹:一名文武实...
2. 五加皮:苦甘性平...
3. 楮实子( implied by 一名谷实):一名谷实... 楮皮... 楮叶...
4. 枳实/枳壳:苦酸微寒... 江枳壳...
5. [Missing Name?] 性味苦寒... 内热用仁,用皮... -> 这看起来像地骨皮(枸杞皮)或者牡丹皮?但原文没写名字。等等,看下一段。
6. [Missing Name?] 甘酸性润... -> 这可能是酸枣仁?
7. [Missing Name?] 味甘微寒... -> 可能是密蒙花或谷精草?
8. [Missing Name?] 酸涩微温... -> 可能是金樱子?
9. [Missing Name?] 酸涩性平... -> 可能是芡实?
10. [Missing Name?] 辛苦甘平... -> 可能是青皮?
11. [Missing Name?] 甘苦性凉... -> 可能是知母?
12. [Missing Name?] 辛苦性温... -> 可能是续断?
*修正策略*:作为翻译任务,我必须忠实于原文。如果原文中某些段落没有明确写出药名(如“性味苦寒...”直接开始),我将按照原文字面意思翻译,不添加药名。但在实体提取时,只能提取文中出现的词。
*再次检查原文*:
原文是《药性切用》的节选。
第一段:干桑椹。
第二段:五加皮。
第三段:楮实子(文中称“一名谷实”)、楮皮、楮叶。
第四段:枳实、枳壳。
第五段:性味苦寒... 内热用仁,用皮。-> 这里确实缺主语。但在古籍整理中,有时排版导致药名缺失。不过,根据“泻心肝邪热...引三焦之郁火”,这非常符合**地骨皮**(枸杞根皮)的功效描述,且提到“用仁”(枸杞子)和“用皮”。但既然原文没写,我就译“其性味...”。
第六段:甘酸性润... -> 符合**酸枣仁**。
第七段:味甘微寒... -> 符合**密蒙花**或**谷精草**?“退翳明目”。
第八段:酸涩微温... -> 符合**金樱子**。
第九段:酸涩性平... -> 符合**芡实**。
第十段:辛苦甘平... -> 符合**青皮**(“酒引入胆”)。
第十一段:甘苦性凉... -> 符合**知母**。
第十二段:辛苦性温... -> 符合**续断**。
*重要提示*:由于用户提供的原文片段中,从第五段开始似乎丢失了药名标题(或者是OCR识别问题,或者是摘录方式导致),我将严格依据提供的文本进行翻译。对于没有药名的段落,我将翻译其描述内容。在实体提取时,只提取显式存在的词汇。
*更正*:仔细看原文,第五段开头是“性味苦寒...”,前面没有药名。但是,注意看第四段结尾“俱宜炒用尤峻。胃虚肠滑均忌。”这是枳实的禁忌。第五段开始新的一段。
让我们再看一遍原文的换行。
原文:
...
江枳壳∶味苦性平... 胃虚肠滑均忌。
[空行]
性味苦寒...
[空行]
甘酸性润...
看来原文确实缺失了这些段的药名。我将如实翻译。
*特别注意*:在任务三中,我只能提取原文中**出现**的词。如果原文没写“酸枣仁”,我就不能把“酸枣仁”放进herbs列表,除非它是通过别名出现的。例如“一名文武实”对应桑椹。
现在开始逐句翻译。
1. 一名文武实。甘酸性温,色黑入肾,滋肾壮水,乌须黑发。鲜者,泸汁熬膏,蜜收烧酒,经久弥佳。
译文:又名文武实。味甘、酸,性温,颜色黑入肾经,能滋补肾阴、壮水制火,使须发乌黑。鲜品可榨汁熬成膏,用蜂蜜和烧酒收贮,存放时间越久效果越好。
2. 苦甘性平,入肝肾而除风理湿,壮骨强筋,为腰膝痛痹专药。
译文:味苦、甘,性平,入肝、肾二经,能祛除风邪、调理湿气,强壮筋骨,是治疗腰膝疼痛痹阻的专用药物。
3. 一名谷实。性味甘寒,利水消肿,软坚治哽。酒拌蒸用。楮皮∶甘平,性善行水,治肿气滞。楮叶∶甘凉,专祛湿热,治瘴痢、疫痢。
译文:又名谷实。味甘,性寒,能利水消肿,软化坚结以治疗噎膈。用时用酒拌蒸。楮皮:味甘,性平,善于行水利湿,治疗水肿气滞。楮叶:味甘,性凉,专于清除湿热,治疗瘴气痢疾、疫毒痢疾。
4. 苦酸微寒,消痞宽胀,破气攻坚,通肠胃以利胸膈。江枳壳∶味苦性平,消痞化气行痰,快胸膈以宽肠胃。按∶枳实、枳壳同一种,但枳实力猛,枳壳力缓,俱宜炒用尤峻。胃虚肠滑均忌。
译文:味苦、酸,微寒,能消除痞满、宽舒胀闷,破气攻坚,疏通肠胃以利胸膈。江枳壳:味苦,性平,能消除痞满、化气行痰,舒畅胸膈以宽利肠胃。按语:枳实与枳壳出自同一种植物,但枳实力猛,枳壳力缓,二者均宜炒用,效力更峻。胃虚及肠滑者均忌用。
5. 性味苦寒,入心肝而兼入三焦;泻心肝邪热,引三焦之郁火曲屈下行。内热用仁,用皮。泻火生用,炒黑止血,姜汁炒止烦呕而解郁热。虚者忌之。
译文:味苦,性寒,入心、肝二经并兼入三焦;能泻除心肝邪热,引导三焦郁火曲折下行。内热证用果仁,(若)用皮。(注:原文此处表述略显跳跃,直译为“内热用仁,用皮”可能意指不同情况选用不同部位,或原文有脱漏,此处忠实翻译字面意思)。泻火宜生用,炒黑可止血,用姜汁炒可止烦呕并解除郁热。虚证患者忌用。
6. 甘酸性润,入心、脾、肝、胆。生用酸平,益肝胆以宁心敛汗;熟酸温,醒脾气以安神。
译文:味甘、酸,性润,入心、脾、肝、胆四经。生用味酸平,能补益肝胆以宁心安神、收敛汗液;熟用味酸温,能唤醒脾气以安神。
7. 味甘微寒,入肝而消风清热,退翳明目,有养肝益阴之功。生研用。
译文:味甘,微寒,入肝经,能祛风清热,消退目翳、明亮视力,具有滋养肝脏、补益阴液的功效。宜生品研末服用。
8. 酸涩微温,入肾而固精秘气,补肾养肝,为肾虚精滑酸涩专药。核能滑精,拣净用
译文:味酸、涩,微温,入肾经,能固精秘气,补肾养肝,是治疗肾虚精关不固、遗精滑泄的专用药物。其核可能导致滑精,使用时需拣去干净。
9. 酸涩性平,入肾、膀而涩精固气,止遗浊滑精。炒研用。
译文:味酸、涩,性平,入肾、膀胱二经,能涩精固气,治疗遗尿、尿浊及滑精。宜炒后研末服用。
10. 辛苦甘平,入肝脾而散结润燥,下气行水。酒引入胆,兼治胆横目胀不瞑。虚者忌
译文:味辛、苦、甘,性平,入肝、脾二经,能散结润燥,降气行水。用酒引经入胆经,兼治胆气横逆引起的目胀、失眠。虚证患者忌用。
11. 甘苦性凉,入少阴而益阴退热;为阴虚有火,不胜腻补之良药。退热生用,益阴炒
译文:味甘、苦,性凉,入少阴经,能补益阴液、退除虚热;是治疗阴虚火旺、不耐受滋腻补药的良药。用于退热宜生用,用于益阴宜炒用(原文此处截断,译为“炒用”)。
12. 辛苦性温,入肝肾而祛风理湿,壮骨强筋,为损伤及风痹专药。酒炒用。
译文:味辛、苦,性温,入肝、肾二经,能祛风除湿,强壮筋骨,是治疗跌打损伤及风痹的专用药物。宜用酒炒后服用。
Translation based on the generated vernacular Chinese text. Note: Where the original text omits the herb name (starting directly with properties), the translation reflects this structure, referring to "It" or describing the properties directly as per the source text's implicit subject in that specific segment.
Also known as Wenwu Shi. Sweet and sour, warm in nature, black in color entering the Kidney meridian; nourishes Kidney Yin, strengthens Water (Kidney essence) to control Fire, darkens beard and hair. Fresh ones can be juiced and boiled into a paste, preserved with honey and rice wine; the longer it is stored, the better it becomes.
Bitter and sweet, neutral in nature, enters the Liver and Kidney meridians to dispel Wind and resolve Dampness, strengthens bones and sinews; it is a specialized medicine for pain and bi-syndrome in the lower back and knees.
Also known as Gu Shi. Sweet, cold in nature, promotes urination and reduces edema, softens hardness and treats dysphagia. Use steamed with wine. Chu Pi (Celtis Cortex): Sweet, neutral in nature, excels at promoting water metabolism, treats edema and Qi stagnation. Chu Ye (Celtis Leaf): Sweet, cool in nature, specifically clears Damp-Heat, treats malarial dysentery and epidemic dysentery.
Bitter and sour, slightly cold in nature, eliminates痞 (fullness/blockage) and relieves distension, breaks Qi and attacks hardness, unblocks the intestines and stomach to benefit the chest and diaphragm. Jiang Zhi Qiao (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium from Jiangxi): Bitter, neutral in nature, eliminates fullness, transforms Qi and moves Phlegm, soothes the chest and diaphragm to widen the intestines and stomach. Note: Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange) and Zhi Qiao (Ripe Bitter Orange Peel) are from the same species, but Zhi Shi has a stronger action, while Zhi Qiao has a milder action; both are best used stir-fried for a more potent effect. Contraindicated in cases of Stomach deficiency and loose bowels.
Bitter, cold in nature, enters the Heart and Liver meridians and also the San Jiao; drains pathogenic Heat from the Heart and Liver, guides stagnant Fire of the San Jiao downward in a winding manner. For internal heat, use the seed/kernel; if using the bark [Note: Text implies choice or specific part usage]. To drain Fire, use raw; stir-fried until black to stop bleeding; stir-fried with ginger juice to stop irritability and vomiting and resolve stagnant Heat. Contraindicated in deficiency patterns.
Sweet and sour, moistening in nature, enters the Heart, Spleen, Liver, and Gallbladder meridians. When used raw, it is sour and neutral, benefits the Liver and Gallbladder to calm the Heart and consolidate sweat; when cooked/processed, it is sour and warm, awakens Spleen Qi to calm the Spirit.
Sweet, slightly cold in nature, enters the Liver meridian to dispel Wind and clear Heat, reduces nebula (eye opacity) and brightens vision, possesses the function of nourishing the Liver and benefiting Yin. Use raw and ground.
Sour and astringent, slightly warm in nature, enters the Kidney meridian to consolidate Essence and secure Qi, tonifies the Kidney and nourishes the Liver; it is a specialized medicine for Kidney deficiency with seminal emission and slippery leakage. The kernel can cause seminal emission; pick clean before use.
Sour and astringent, neutral in nature, enters the Kidney and Bladder meridians to astringe Essence and secure Qi, stops enuresis, turbid urine, and seminal emission. Use stir-fried and ground.
Pungent, bitter, and sweet, neutral in nature, enters the Liver and Spleen meridians to dissipate nodules and moisten dryness, directs Qi downward and promotes water movement. Guided by wine into the Gallbladder meridian, it also treats Gallbladder Qi rebellion causing eye distension and insomnia. Contraindicated in deficiency.
Sweet and bitter, cool in nature, enters the Shaoyin meridian to benefit Yin and reduce fever; it is an excellent medicine for Yin deficiency with fire, where heavy cloying tonics are not tolerated. To reduce fever, use raw; to benefit Yin, use stir-fried [Text cuts off, implying processed form].
Pungent and bitter, warm in nature, enters the Liver and Kidney meridians to dispel Wind and resolve Dampness, strengthens bones and sinews; it is a specialized medicine for trauma and wind-bi syndrome. Use stir-fried with wine.