味辛性温，无毒，气味俱浓，升也，阳也。制半夏，有解毒之功。佐大枣，有浓肠之益。
温经散表邪之风，益气止翻胃之疾。古云通神明去秽恶者，何哉？盖以本属肺心之系也，心
惟得其所胜，则气通而宣畅，故能通神明，神明通，是心气胜，而一身之气皆为吾所使，而
亦胜矣，一身之气胜，则邪气不能容，故能去秽恶。抑且辛甘发散，则能散在表在上之邪也，
故生姜能治咳嗽痰涎，止呕吐，开胃口，主伤寒伤风，头疼发热，鼻塞咳逆等症。又曰，欲
热即去皮，去皮则守中而热存也。要冷即留皮，留皮则行表而热散，非皮之性本冷也。
味辛性热，有大毒，气味俱浓，浮也，阳中之阴也。其性浮而不沉，其用走而不守。除
六腑之沉寒，补三阴之厥逆。仲景八味丸用为少阴之向导，正取其健悍走下之性，以行地黄
之滞，人以为补，则误矣。血药用之，行经而能补血。气药用之，行经而能补气。非大虚寒
之症，不可轻用。孕妇勿用。
气温味辛，气浓味薄，无毒，浮而升，阳中阴也。止诸阳头疼，风痹痛，开胸中滞，益
肝胆明目，利九窍，眼泪、齿痛，凡头面诸风，不可缺也。东垣用之治邪在里之表，本草主
治咳逆，百节拘挛，最能温中下气破痰，盖味本辛也。予尝用之以利水道，何哉？不知诸辛
入肺，肺气赖辛以通畅，则渗下之官得令，所以能利水道也。大都不可重用，恐成气闭之患。
痘家气
生姜：味道辛，性质温，无毒，气味都很浓厚，具有升散的特性，属于阳。它能制约半夏的毒性，有解毒的功效；配合大枣使用，有增强肠胃功能的益处。它能温通经脉，驱散体表的风邪，补益元气，治疗胃气上逆引起的呕吐。古人说它能“通神明、去秽恶”，为什么呢？因为生姜与肺、心两脏有关联。心只有在受到其所胜（金）的制约时，气机才能通畅宣达，所以能通达神明；神明通达，意味着心气旺盛，从而能够支配全身的气机，使全身之气都为我所用且处于优势地位。全身之气旺盛，邪气就无法存留，所以能去除秽恶之气。况且辛甘合用具有发散作用，因此能驱散在表、在上的邪气。所以生姜能治疗咳嗽痰多、止住呕吐、开胃进食，主治伤寒伤风引起的头痛发热、鼻塞咳逆等症状。另外又说，想要发挥热性就去掉姜皮，去掉姜皮则药力守中而热性留存；想要产生凉意就保留姜皮，保留姜皮则药力走表而热性散发，这并不是姜皮本身的性质寒冷。
附子：味道辛，性质大热，有大毒，气味都很浓厚，具有上浮的特性，属于阳中之阴。它的药性浮而不沉，其作用特点是走动而不固守。它能清除六腑中的深层寒邪，救治三阴经的厥逆证。张仲景在八味丸中使用它作为少阴经的向导，正是利用它健悍且下行走窜的特性，来行地黄之药的滞涩，人们把它当作单纯的补药，那就错了。用于血分药中，它能通行经络并能补血；用于气分药中，它能通行经络并能补气。如果不是大虚大寒的病症，不可轻易使用。孕妇禁用。
细辛：气温，味辛，气味浓烈但质地轻薄，无毒，具有上浮上升的特性，属于阳中之阴。它能止各种阳经头痛，缓解风痹疼痛，开通胸中的郁滞，有益肝胆、明目的功效，能利九窍，治疗流泪、齿痛等症，凡是头面部的各种风邪病症，都不可缺少的药物。李东垣用它来治疗邪气在里而在表的病证。本草记载它主治咳逆、全身关节拘挛，最能温中降气、破痰，这大概是因为它本味辛的缘故。我曾经用它来通利水道，为什么呢？不知道诸般辛味药入肺经，肺气依赖辛味以保持通畅，那么负责渗泄的水液代谢器官（肾/膀胱）就能行使职权，所以能通利水道。大多情况下不可重用，恐怕会造成气机闭塞的祸患。痘疹患者……（原文此处中断）
**Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, Fresh Ginger):**
Taste is pungent, nature is warm, non-toxic. The aroma and flavor are both dense; it ascends and belongs to Yang. It can restrain Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia, Prepared Pinellia Tuber) and possesses the merit of detoxification. When assisted by Jujubae Fructus (Dazao, Chinese Date), it benefits the intestines and stomach. It warms the meridians and scatters wind pathogens from the exterior, tonifies Qi, and stops vomiting caused by rebellious Stomach Qi. Ancient texts state it "opens the spirit and removes filth." Why? Because it is connected to the Lung and Heart systems. When the Heart receives its controlling influence (Metal), Qi becomes unobstructed and free-flowing, thus opening the spirit. When the spirit is opened, Heart Qi prevails, and the Qi of the whole body is commanded by it, becoming dominant. When the Qi of the whole body is dominant, pathogenic factors cannot reside, thus removing filth. Furthermore, the combination of pungent and sweet flavors induces dispersion, thereby scattering pathogens in the exterior and upper regions. Therefore, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens treats cough with phlegm, stops vomiting, opens the appetite, and manages cold damage (Shanghan, Damage by Cold) and wind strike (Shangfeng, Wind Attack) presenting with headache, fever, nasal congestion, and reverse coughing. Additionally, if one desires heat retention, remove the skin; removing the skin makes the action stay in the middle while retaining heat. If one desires coolness, keep the skin; keeping the skin allows the action to move to the exterior while dispersing heat. This is not because the skin itself is cold in nature.
**Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi, Prepared Lateral Root of Aconite):**
Taste is pungent, nature is extremely hot, highly toxic. The aroma and flavor are both dense; it floats and belongs to Yin within Yang. Its nature floats but does not sink; its function moves but does not stay. It eliminates deep cold in the six Fu organs and corrects Jue-ni (reversal cold) of the three Yin meridians. Zhang Zhongjing uses it in Ba Wei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia) as a guide for the Shaoyin meridian, precisely taking advantage of its vigorous, fierce, and descending-moving nature to resolve the stagnation of Rehmanniae Radix (Dihuang, Rehmannia Root). Considering it merely a tonic is a mistake. When used in blood-invigorating formulas, it moves through the collaterals and can nourish blood. When used in Qi-tonifying formulas, it moves through the collaterals and can tonify Qi. It should not be used lightly unless the condition is severe deficiency and extreme cold. Pregnant women should avoid using it.
**Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin, Dried Root and Rhizome of Asarum):**
Nature is warm, taste is pungent. The aroma is dense but the flavor is thin; non-toxic. It floats and ascends, belonging to Yin within Yang. It stops headaches of various Yang meridians, relieves pain from wind-bi (wind-damp obstruction), opens chest stagnation, benefits the Liver and Gallbladder, improves vision, unblocks the nine orifices, and treats tearing and toothache. For all wind conditions affecting the head and face, it is indispensable. Li Dongyuan uses it to treat exterior syndromes where pathogens are located in the interior. Materia Medica states it manages reverse coughing and spasms in all joints, being most capable of warming the middle, directing Qi downward, and breaking up phlegm, likely due to its inherent pungent taste. I have used it to promote urination. Why? One must understand that pungent substances enter the Lung. Lung Qi relies on pungency to remain smooth and unobstructed; thus, the organs responsible for seepage and excretion (Kidney/Bladder system) receive their mandate, enabling the promotion of urination. Generally, it should not be used in heavy doses, lest it cause complications of Qi closure. In cases of smallpox/variolous diseases... [Text ends abruptly]