气热，味大辛，属金与土，入手足太阴经药也。惟其气温，故能温中补脾。又言下气者，
盖以脾得补而善运化，其气自下，非若香附陈皮之快泄也。惟其味辛，故能散肺中滞气，除
膈上吐逆，消谷食，开腹胀。合气与味，又能止泄。大都温能补脾，辛能散滞，脾得温以补
之，则运化之令司，而漏下之患除。肺得辛以散之，则清化之源司，而淡渗之令强，何泄之
有。
气热味辛，轻清而升，气味俱薄，无毒，阳也。其用有五。肺经本药，一也。散胸中滞
气，
气热味辛，浮也，阳也，无毒。入足太阴阳明经药也。惟其气热，故能治风寒客邪，一
切冷气，及呕吐诸症。惟其味辛，故能散滞气，除胃脘之刺痛，及两胁之气逆。大都热则能
行，辛则能散。故经曰，寒者热之，滞者散之，此之谓也。
气平，味甘酸，无毒。能安和五脏，大补心脾。故血不归脾，而睡卧不宁者，多用之。
盖血不归脾，则五脏不安和，而睡卧自不宁矣。今既大补心脾，则血归脾，而五脏和，睡卧
岂有不宁者哉。然心家有实热者，生研为良，心家若虚寒者，炒研才妙。
气寒味苦，气味俱浓，无毒，沉也，阴也。盐水炒之，走少阴而泻肾火也，后人以为补
肾者，误矣。盖肾家火旺，及两尺脉盛，而为身热目疼喉痹诸疾者，用之泻火，则肾亦坚固，
而无狂荡之患也，岂诚有补益之功哉。故肾家无火，及两尺脉微弱者，皆不宜用。若佐四物
汤入鹿角胶用之，一则以生水，一则以泻火，是补其不足，而去其有余，此天一生水之妙剂
也，乳制为佳。佐黄 、入牛膝，使足膝气力涌出，痿蹶即瘥。同苍术独活，又能除腰膝以
下至足分之风湿肿痛痈疽也。佐泽泻茯苓，又能利小便之赤滞。解毒汤用之，取其引热毒下
从膀胱经出也。与破故纸同用，治血崩大有奇功。与生蜂蜜同用，敷口疮极有神效。又治上
焦实热，多制为良，取其缓也。中焦实热，单制为良，取其缓在中也。下焦实热，不制为良，
取其速下也。或佐以三焦之药，亦无不可。
（肉豆蔻）气热，味大辛，属性为金与土，是入手足太阴经的药物。正因为它的性温，所以能够温暖中焦、补益脾胃。又说它能降气，是因为脾胃得到补益后运化功能良好，气机自然下行，这不同于香附、陈皮那种快速泄气的功效。正因为它的味辛，所以能疏散肺中的滞气，消除膈上的呕吐逆气，帮助消化谷食，缓解腹部胀满。结合其气与味的特性，又能止泻。大致来说，温性能补脾，辛性能散滞，脾胃得到温补，则运化的职能得以行使，漏下的病症就会消除；肺部得到辛散，则清肃化的源头得以维持，淡渗利湿的功能增强，哪里还会有泄泻呢？
（草豆蔻）气热味辛，质地轻清而上升，气味都较薄，无毒，属于阳药。它的作用有五点。它是肺经的本药，这是其一。能疏散胸中的滞气，
（草豆蔻续）气热味辛，性质上浮，属阳，无毒。是入足太阴、阳明经的药物。正因为它的性热，所以能治疗风寒外邪侵袭引起的一切冷气，以及呕吐等各种症状。正因为它的味辛，所以能散除滞气，消除胃脘部的刺痛，以及两胁部位的气逆。大致来说，热性能够行气，辛性能够散结。所以医经说：“寒者热之，滞者散之”，说的就是这种情况。
（酸枣仁）气平，味甘酸，无毒。能够安和五脏，大补心脾。所以对于血液不能归藏于脾，导致睡眠不安的人，多用此药。因为血液不归脾，五脏就不安和，睡眠自然不宁静。现在既然大补心脾，那么血液就能归脾，五脏调和，睡眠怎么会不宁静呢？然而，如果心家有实热的，生研服用为好；如果心家属于虚寒的，炒熟后研末服用才妙。
（黄柏）气寒味苦，气味都很浓厚，无毒，性质沉降，属阴。用盐水炒制，能入少阴经而泻肾火，后人认为它是补肾的药，这是错误的。因为肾家火旺，以及两尺脉盛大，而出现身体发热、眼睛疼痛、喉痹等各种疾病时，用它来泻火，肾脏也就坚固了，没有狂妄躁动的祸患，难道真有补益的功效吗？所以肾家无火，以及两尺脉微弱的人，都不宜使用。如果配合四物汤加入鹿角胶使用，一方面是为了滋生水液，一方面是为了泻火，这是补其不足、去其有余，是天一生水奥妙的良方，用乳汁炮制为佳。配合黄芩、牛膝使用，能使足膝的气力涌出，痿证厥逆即刻痊愈。同苍术、独活一起使用，又能祛除腰部膝盖以下至足部的风湿肿痛痈疽。配合泽泻、茯苓使用，又能通利小便赤涩不通。解毒汤中使用它，是取其引导热毒从膀胱经排出。与破故纸（补骨脂）同用，治疗血崩大有奇功。与生蜂蜜同用，外敷口疮极有神效。又治疗上焦实热，多经过炮制为良，是取其药性缓和。中焦实热，单用炮制品为良，是取其药性缓留于中焦。下焦实热，不用炮制品为良，是取其迅速下行。或者佐以调理三焦的药物，也没有不可以的。
(Round Cardamom Seed, *Nux Moschata*) It is hot in nature and pungent in flavor, belonging to Metal and Earth, and enters the Taiyin meridians of the Hand and Foot. Because its qi is warm, it can warm the Middle Jiao and tonify the Spleen. The statement that it directs Qi downward implies that when the Spleen is tonified and transforms and transports effectively, Qi naturally descends; this is not like the rapid purgative effect of Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfu) or Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi). Because its flavor is pungent, it can disperse stagnant Qi in the Lung, eliminate vomiting and regurgitation above the diaphragm, digest grain and food, and open abdominal distension. Combining its qi and flavor, it can also stop diarrhea. Generally speaking, warmth can tonify the Spleen, and pungency can disperse stagnation. When the Spleen is warmed and tonified, the function of transformation and transport is maintained, and the problem of leakage is eliminated. When the Lung is dispersed by pungency, the source of clear transformation is maintained, and the command of mild diuresis is strengthened; how could there be diarrhea?
(Caoguan Dou / Greater Cardamom Fruit, *Fructus Amomi* - Note: Text context suggests distinct entry or continuation, likely referring to a similar aromatic spice like Caoguo given "foot taiyang/yangming" and "chest", but strictly translating text provided): It is hot in qi and pungent in flavor, light and clear ascending, with thin qi and flavor, non-toxic, and belongs to Yang. Its uses are fivefold. It is the principal herb for the Lung Meridian, which is the first point. It disperses stagnant Qi in the chest...
(Continuation): It is hot in qi and pungent in flavor, floating, Yang, and non-toxic. It enters the Taiyin and Yangming meridians of the Foot. Because its qi is hot, it can treat cold-wind external pathogens, all kinds of cold Qi, and various symptoms such as vomiting. Because its flavor is pungent, it can disperse stagnant Qi, eliminate stabbing pain in the epigastrium, and Qi rebellion in the hypochondrium. Generally speaking, heat can promote movement, and pungency can disperse. Thus, the Classics say, "For cold, use heat; for stagnation, use dispersion." This is what is meant.
(Sour Jujube Kernel, *Semen Ziziphi Spinosae*) It is neutral in qi, sweet and sour in flavor, and non-toxic. It can harmonize the Five Zang Organs and greatly tonify the Heart and Spleen. Therefore, for those whose Blood does not return to the Spleen, resulting in restless sleep, it is often used. Since Blood not returning to the Spleen causes the Five Zang Organs to be unharmonious, sleep becomes restless. Now, since it greatly tonifies the Heart and Spleen, Blood returns to the Spleen, the Five Zang Organs harmonize, and how could sleep be restless? However, if there is Excess Heat in the Heart, raw grinding is better; if the Heart is Deficient and Cold, roasted grinding is superior.
(Phellodendron Bark, *Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis* / *Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis*, Huangbai) It is cold in qi and bitter in flavor, with dense qi and flavor, non-toxic, sinking, and Yin. Stir-fried with salt water, it enters the Shaoyin Meridian to drain Kidney Fire. Later generations consider it a Kidney-tonifying herb, which is a mistake. When Kidney Fire is flourishing, and the Chi pulse at both wrists is vigorous, causing diseases such as body fever, eye pain, and throat obstruction, using it to drain fire makes the Kidney firm, avoiding manic agitation; does it truly have a tonifying effect? Therefore, it is not suitable for those with no Fire in the Kidney or weak Chi pulses. If combined with Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) and added with Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum (Lujiaojiao), one aspect generates Water, and the other drains Fire; this is a miraculous formula that tonifies deficiency and removes excess, embodying the wonder of "Heaven One Generates Water." Processing with milk is best. Combined with Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Niuxi), it promotes Qi strength in the feet and knees, curing Wei syndrome and Jue syndrome immediately. With Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu) and Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (Duhuo), it removes wind-dampness swelling, pain, and carbuncles from the waist and knees down to the feet. Combined with Alismatis Rhizoma (Zexie) and Poria (Fuling), it benefits urination for red and obstructed urine. In Jiedu Tang (Detoxification Decoction), it is used to guide heat toxins out through the Bladder Meridian. Used with Psoraleae Fructus (Buguzhi), it has miraculous effects in treating metrorrhagia. Applied with raw honey to mouth ulcers, it is extremely effective. It also treats Excess Heat in the Upper Jiao; processing is preferred to moderate its action. For Excess Heat in the Middle Jiao, processed form is preferred to keep its action in the middle. For Excess Heat in the Lower Jiao, unprocessed form is preferred for rapid downward action. Alternatively, combining it with herbs regulating the Sanjiao is also acceptable.